BIO120
Concepts of Biology
Unit 2 Lecture
Part One: Cell Biology
Microscopy
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
In 1665, Robert Hooke was the first person to describe a cell,
because no one ever had a lens powerful enough to see one.
His first specimen was a piece of cork, the cells reminded him of
little rooms (cella). Hence the name.
Discovering Cells
Microscopy
Discovering Cells
Discovering Microbes
Modern Light
Microscopes
Cell Image
Electron Microscope
Size of Cells
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
Although Hooke was the first person to see a cell,
Leeuwenhoek described the most cells in about 1683. He
was first to see bacteria and other microbes, because his lens
was 10 times more powerful than Hooke’s.
Discovering Microbes
Microscopy
Discovering Cells
Discovering Microbes
Modern Light
Microscopes
Cell Image
Electron Microscope
Size of Cells
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
Most modern light microscopes can magnify objects up
to 400 or 1,000 times the size of what you can see with
the naked eye. Some light microscopes are dissecting
microscopes, which have a lower magnification, but allow
biologist to examine larger objects.
Modern Light Microscopes
Bright Field MicroscopeDissecting Microscope
Microscopy
Discovering Cells
Discovering Microbes
Modern Light
Microscopes
Cell Image
Electron Microscope
Size of Cells
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
This image shows uterine cervix cells, viewed through
a light microscope. The cells were obtained from a Pap
smear during a gynecological exam. The cells on the left
are normal. The cells on the right are infected with human
papillomavirus, which can cause cervical cancer. These
potential cancerous cells are bigger and appear to be
dividing. The cells are blue, because they have been stained
to help see them better.
Cell Image
Microscopy
Discovering Cells
Discovering Microbes
Modern Light
Microscopes
Cell Image
Electron Microscope
Size of Cells
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
Even more powerful than a light microscope is an electron
microscope. Electron microscope uses electrons instead of
light to form images and can magnify images 100,000 x.
The top images shows the amazing details on an ant head.
The lower image shows Salmonella infecting human cells.
Electron Microscope
Microscopy
Discovering Cells
Discovering Microbes
Modern Light
Microscopes
Cell Image
Electron Microscope
Size of Cells
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
This image summarizes the sizes of cells and their
components and what can be seen by the naked eye, light
microscope, and electron microscope.
Size of Cells
Microscopy
Discovering Cells
Discovering Microbes
Modern Light
Microscopes
Cell Image
Electron Microscope
Size of Cells
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
Cells can be classified as either prokaryotes or eukaryotes
depending on whether a nucleus is present or absent.
Prokaryotes are .
Together with his family, comedian Dagul Pastrana won the P200,000 jackpot prize prize in Monday's episode of GMA's game show "Family Feud!"Together with his family, comedian Dagul Pastrana won the P200,000 jackpot prize prize in Monday's episode of GMA's game show "Family Feud!"
Together with his family, comedian Dagul Pastrana won the P200,000 jackpot prize prize in Monday's episode of GMA's game show "Family Feud!"Together with his family, comedian Dagul Pastrana won the P200,000 jackpot prize prize in Monday's episode of GMA's game show "Family Feud!"
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Eukaryotes can be single-celled or multi-celled, such as you, me, plants, fungi, and insects. Bacteria are an example of prokaryotes. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.
please helpViruses are classified into which one of the three Doma.pdfmontybachawat
please help
Viruses are classified into which one of the three Domains?
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Viruses are not considered to be members of any of the domains.
Which statement is true of the comparison of diffusion and osmosis?
Diffusion involves liquids or gasses, where osmosis only relates to gasses.
Diffusion must always be facilitated, it will not occur passively.
Osmosis relates to molecules that are too big to pass through the cell membrane by themselves.
Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that involves water movement across a membrane.
What is assumed to be the advantage of the long, folded inner membrane of the mitochondria?
What do the folds of the inner membrane do to make the mitochondrion more efficient?
cool off the cell\'s interior
allow for a place to store the mitochondrial DNA
increased surface area for reactions
None of these are correct regarding the folded inner membrane of mitochondria.
Which structures within a cell are responsible for making the ATP molecules used for cellular
energy?
rough ER
smooth ER
lysosomes
mitochondria
Given that a cell\'s structure reflects its function, what do you predict would be the function of an
animal cell with a very large amount of Golgi apparatus inside of it?
movement within the animal using cilia and flagella
cell growth and division management
secretion of lipids for use in insulating tissue
storage of pigmentation molecules
The cellular cytoskeleton of eukaryotes contains which of these types of protein fibers?
microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments (actin filaments)
All of these types of fibers are involved in the cytoskeleton.
How is an individual cell identified by the organism in which it lives (assuming we are talking
about a multicellular organism)? How does a cell show itself as \"friendly\" to the immune
system in humans, for example?
the size and particular shape of the cell determine it\'s identity
the types of phospholipids in the bilayer determines the cell\'s identity
carbohydrate and protein pieces in and on the cell membrane identify the cell
All of these are correct in determining the cell\'s identity.
What is the term for the model used by biologists to describe the various proteins, carbohydrates,
and other molecules that make up the cell membrane, and their structure and function?
the gel electrophoresis model
the fluid mosaic model
the egg cell model
the triphosphate model
The Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann was very important in establishing that...
all living things are always composed of multiple cells, some of which are living and most of
which are non-living.
cells are part of a continuous membrane system, and are not individual living entities.
all living things are composed of at least one living cell.
DNA is a double helix in shape and is directly related to heredity and genetic traits.
The Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann was very important in establishing that...
all living things are always composed of multiple cells, some of.
Cell basic unit of life Biology Chapter No 4Sajjad Mirani
This Slide Contain All Basic Terms and Detail Of Cell With Pictures New Course Of Sindh Text Book Board
By Sajjad Hussain Mirani Sindh University Jamshoro
BIODIVERSITY and HEALTHY POPULATIONSECS111 P DR. SE.docxtangyechloe
BIODIVERSITY and HEALTHY
POPULATIONS
ECS111 P
DR. SEALEY
SPRING 2019
FINAL FOOTPRINT: THIS IS 15% OF YOUR GRADE.
Pick your parameters – something you can
document and measure.
Start doing some research on that parameter,
create a bibliography in end note.
EMAIL Dr. SEALEY or MAKE AN APPOINTMENT
if you have questions, want help, need
references or just want to be sure you are on the
right track
Start now, you may have to start over if the first
attempts don’t work out.
EQUILIBRIUM THEORY
Ecosystems are stable environments in
which species interact constantly in well
balanced predator-prey and competitive
relationships.
“Balance of nature” idea derived from this
theory.
BIODIVERSITY IS LINKED TO POPULATIONS
DYNAMICS OF NATURAL
POPULATIONS
• Population growth curves
• Biotic potential versus environmental
resistance
• Density dependence and critical number
POPULATION = BIRTHS – DEATHS -
EMMIGRATION + IMMIGRATION
POPULATION
GROWTH
Exponential vs. Logistical Growth
LIFE HISTORY OR
REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
Many offspring with
low parental care
Few offspring with
high parental careJ-shaped growth curve
S-shaped growth curve
WHICH SPECIES WILL SURVIVE
IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING
ENVIRONMENT?
Panda
Narrow distribution
Small population
Low genetic variation
Large size
Small # of offspring
Limited migration
Mouse
Wide distribution
Large population
High genetic variation
Small size
Large # of offspring
High migration
POPULATION DYNAMICS
Environmental resistance: combination of
biotic and abiotic factors that may limit
population increase.
Biotic potential: combination of biotic and
abiotic factors that enhance population
increase.
YOU TUBE BREAK:
WHAT DETERMINES BIODIVERISTY?
HEALTHY POPULATIONS OF MANY
SPECIES!!!!
HOW CLOSE ARE WE TO
RESURRECTING EXTINCT SPECIES?
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V
=QA1_MDIDGYK
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qA1_mdiDgyk
ESSAY # 9 : ARE WE READY FOR DE-
EXTINCTION?
DE-EXTINCTION AND RECOVERY OF SPECIES:
Should scientists pursue species recovery of extinct
species?
Give a specific example of one species you believe
should or should not be brought back from
extinction.
Write a persuasive essay to discuss the ecological,
economic and ethical ramifications of re-creating the
genome of an extinct species, re-creating
populations, and then releasing these animals into
the wild.
Mammal Population Losses and the Extinction Crisis
Gerardo Ceballos and Paul R. Ehrlich
The disappearance of populations is a prelude to species
extinction. No geographically explicit estimates have been
made of current population losses of major indicator taxa.
Here we compare historic and present distributions of 173
declining mammal species from six continents. These
species have collectively lost over 50% of their historic
range area, mostly where human activ.
BIOC 405 Assignment 1 Dr Moore Due Friday March 1st, .docxtangyechloe
BIOC 405 Assignment 1: Dr Moore
Due Friday March 1st, 2019 before 16:00 in Room 3D30.8 HSc
1. (a)In your handout for protein kinase A, there is a table of known substrate
sequences, in other words sequences of peptides phosphorylated by PKA. Please do your
best to align the substrate sequences provided, and from the alignment, predict what a good
consensus substrate for PKA will be. To present your alignment, please use an equal width
font for the protein sequences (Courier or Courier New work well). Highlight the P(0)
residue, P(-1) etc.
(b)The regulatory subunit (R) of protein kinase A has a short sequence
(RRRRGAISA that is critical for inhibiting the activity of the kinase catalytic subunit. This
short sequence of the R-subunit actually sits in the active site cleft of PKA in the
crystallographically-determined structure of the inhibited RC complex. Can you deduce
what the function of this sequence is? Using the answer to part (a) as a guide, please align
the inhibitory sequence with the known substrate sequences to deduce how this sequence
likely functions to inhibit PKA. Furthermore, using your class notes, can you make a guess
at which residues on PKA might interact with specific residues from the R-inhibitory
peptide?
2. For a regularly spaced 1-Dimensional array of atoms (spacing =13 Å) calculate the
total number of diffraction maxima and their scattering angles (for perfect in phase
scattering from the atoms in the 1-D array) between scattering angles of zero and ninety
degrees Use a wavelength of d=1.25 Å. Please include a drawing to explain the diffraction
condition and show your calculations.
3. Using site specific mutagenesis to change residues in the substrate binding cleft of
PKA (not residues involved in catalytic roles), how would you alter PKA’s substrate
specificity at P-3, and P-2 to Glu and P+1 to Asn? By this, I mean how would you
specifically make mutations in the PKA enzyme amino acid sequence (not the substrate
sequence) that would select for binding and phosphorylation of a peptide sequence that
would clearly differ from the known substrate sequence preferred by PKA as outlined
above. Be sure to clearly highlight exactly what residues in the PKA sequence you would
have to change (and to what amino acid) to achieve this.
4. The following lines of data describe the atomic coordinates for an arginine residue in
a protein molecule in PDB (protein data bank) format. Since proteins are three-dimensional
objects, the position of each atom is specified in space by its X, Y and Z coordinates. On each
line of a PDB formatted file, the atom number is given, the atom type is next (e.g. N-
backbone nitrogen, backbone carbonyl oxygen etc), the residue name (here ARG 431 in chain
D; in this instance the protein crystal contains four independent copies of the polypeptide
chain, labelled A through D), then the X-coordinate for that atom, the Y-coordinate for that
atom and the Z-coo.
More Related Content
Similar to BIO120Concepts of BiologyUnit 2 Lecture Part One Cel.docx
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Eukaryotes can be single-celled or multi-celled, such as you, me, plants, fungi, and insects. Bacteria are an example of prokaryotes. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.
please helpViruses are classified into which one of the three Doma.pdfmontybachawat
please help
Viruses are classified into which one of the three Domains?
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Viruses are not considered to be members of any of the domains.
Which statement is true of the comparison of diffusion and osmosis?
Diffusion involves liquids or gasses, where osmosis only relates to gasses.
Diffusion must always be facilitated, it will not occur passively.
Osmosis relates to molecules that are too big to pass through the cell membrane by themselves.
Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that involves water movement across a membrane.
What is assumed to be the advantage of the long, folded inner membrane of the mitochondria?
What do the folds of the inner membrane do to make the mitochondrion more efficient?
cool off the cell\'s interior
allow for a place to store the mitochondrial DNA
increased surface area for reactions
None of these are correct regarding the folded inner membrane of mitochondria.
Which structures within a cell are responsible for making the ATP molecules used for cellular
energy?
rough ER
smooth ER
lysosomes
mitochondria
Given that a cell\'s structure reflects its function, what do you predict would be the function of an
animal cell with a very large amount of Golgi apparatus inside of it?
movement within the animal using cilia and flagella
cell growth and division management
secretion of lipids for use in insulating tissue
storage of pigmentation molecules
The cellular cytoskeleton of eukaryotes contains which of these types of protein fibers?
microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments (actin filaments)
All of these types of fibers are involved in the cytoskeleton.
How is an individual cell identified by the organism in which it lives (assuming we are talking
about a multicellular organism)? How does a cell show itself as \"friendly\" to the immune
system in humans, for example?
the size and particular shape of the cell determine it\'s identity
the types of phospholipids in the bilayer determines the cell\'s identity
carbohydrate and protein pieces in and on the cell membrane identify the cell
All of these are correct in determining the cell\'s identity.
What is the term for the model used by biologists to describe the various proteins, carbohydrates,
and other molecules that make up the cell membrane, and their structure and function?
the gel electrophoresis model
the fluid mosaic model
the egg cell model
the triphosphate model
The Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann was very important in establishing that...
all living things are always composed of multiple cells, some of which are living and most of
which are non-living.
cells are part of a continuous membrane system, and are not individual living entities.
all living things are composed of at least one living cell.
DNA is a double helix in shape and is directly related to heredity and genetic traits.
The Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann was very important in establishing that...
all living things are always composed of multiple cells, some of.
Cell basic unit of life Biology Chapter No 4Sajjad Mirani
This Slide Contain All Basic Terms and Detail Of Cell With Pictures New Course Of Sindh Text Book Board
By Sajjad Hussain Mirani Sindh University Jamshoro
BIODIVERSITY and HEALTHY POPULATIONSECS111 P DR. SE.docxtangyechloe
BIODIVERSITY and HEALTHY
POPULATIONS
ECS111 P
DR. SEALEY
SPRING 2019
FINAL FOOTPRINT: THIS IS 15% OF YOUR GRADE.
Pick your parameters – something you can
document and measure.
Start doing some research on that parameter,
create a bibliography in end note.
EMAIL Dr. SEALEY or MAKE AN APPOINTMENT
if you have questions, want help, need
references or just want to be sure you are on the
right track
Start now, you may have to start over if the first
attempts don’t work out.
EQUILIBRIUM THEORY
Ecosystems are stable environments in
which species interact constantly in well
balanced predator-prey and competitive
relationships.
“Balance of nature” idea derived from this
theory.
BIODIVERSITY IS LINKED TO POPULATIONS
DYNAMICS OF NATURAL
POPULATIONS
• Population growth curves
• Biotic potential versus environmental
resistance
• Density dependence and critical number
POPULATION = BIRTHS – DEATHS -
EMMIGRATION + IMMIGRATION
POPULATION
GROWTH
Exponential vs. Logistical Growth
LIFE HISTORY OR
REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
Many offspring with
low parental care
Few offspring with
high parental careJ-shaped growth curve
S-shaped growth curve
WHICH SPECIES WILL SURVIVE
IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING
ENVIRONMENT?
Panda
Narrow distribution
Small population
Low genetic variation
Large size
Small # of offspring
Limited migration
Mouse
Wide distribution
Large population
High genetic variation
Small size
Large # of offspring
High migration
POPULATION DYNAMICS
Environmental resistance: combination of
biotic and abiotic factors that may limit
population increase.
Biotic potential: combination of biotic and
abiotic factors that enhance population
increase.
YOU TUBE BREAK:
WHAT DETERMINES BIODIVERISTY?
HEALTHY POPULATIONS OF MANY
SPECIES!!!!
HOW CLOSE ARE WE TO
RESURRECTING EXTINCT SPECIES?
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V
=QA1_MDIDGYK
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qA1_mdiDgyk
ESSAY # 9 : ARE WE READY FOR DE-
EXTINCTION?
DE-EXTINCTION AND RECOVERY OF SPECIES:
Should scientists pursue species recovery of extinct
species?
Give a specific example of one species you believe
should or should not be brought back from
extinction.
Write a persuasive essay to discuss the ecological,
economic and ethical ramifications of re-creating the
genome of an extinct species, re-creating
populations, and then releasing these animals into
the wild.
Mammal Population Losses and the Extinction Crisis
Gerardo Ceballos and Paul R. Ehrlich
The disappearance of populations is a prelude to species
extinction. No geographically explicit estimates have been
made of current population losses of major indicator taxa.
Here we compare historic and present distributions of 173
declining mammal species from six continents. These
species have collectively lost over 50% of their historic
range area, mostly where human activ.
BIOC 405 Assignment 1 Dr Moore Due Friday March 1st, .docxtangyechloe
BIOC 405 Assignment 1: Dr Moore
Due Friday March 1st, 2019 before 16:00 in Room 3D30.8 HSc
1. (a)In your handout for protein kinase A, there is a table of known substrate
sequences, in other words sequences of peptides phosphorylated by PKA. Please do your
best to align the substrate sequences provided, and from the alignment, predict what a good
consensus substrate for PKA will be. To present your alignment, please use an equal width
font for the protein sequences (Courier or Courier New work well). Highlight the P(0)
residue, P(-1) etc.
(b)The regulatory subunit (R) of protein kinase A has a short sequence
(RRRRGAISA that is critical for inhibiting the activity of the kinase catalytic subunit. This
short sequence of the R-subunit actually sits in the active site cleft of PKA in the
crystallographically-determined structure of the inhibited RC complex. Can you deduce
what the function of this sequence is? Using the answer to part (a) as a guide, please align
the inhibitory sequence with the known substrate sequences to deduce how this sequence
likely functions to inhibit PKA. Furthermore, using your class notes, can you make a guess
at which residues on PKA might interact with specific residues from the R-inhibitory
peptide?
2. For a regularly spaced 1-Dimensional array of atoms (spacing =13 Å) calculate the
total number of diffraction maxima and their scattering angles (for perfect in phase
scattering from the atoms in the 1-D array) between scattering angles of zero and ninety
degrees Use a wavelength of d=1.25 Å. Please include a drawing to explain the diffraction
condition and show your calculations.
3. Using site specific mutagenesis to change residues in the substrate binding cleft of
PKA (not residues involved in catalytic roles), how would you alter PKA’s substrate
specificity at P-3, and P-2 to Glu and P+1 to Asn? By this, I mean how would you
specifically make mutations in the PKA enzyme amino acid sequence (not the substrate
sequence) that would select for binding and phosphorylation of a peptide sequence that
would clearly differ from the known substrate sequence preferred by PKA as outlined
above. Be sure to clearly highlight exactly what residues in the PKA sequence you would
have to change (and to what amino acid) to achieve this.
4. The following lines of data describe the atomic coordinates for an arginine residue in
a protein molecule in PDB (protein data bank) format. Since proteins are three-dimensional
objects, the position of each atom is specified in space by its X, Y and Z coordinates. On each
line of a PDB formatted file, the atom number is given, the atom type is next (e.g. N-
backbone nitrogen, backbone carbonyl oxygen etc), the residue name (here ARG 431 in chain
D; in this instance the protein crystal contains four independent copies of the polypeptide
chain, labelled A through D), then the X-coordinate for that atom, the Y-coordinate for that
atom and the Z-coo.
BIO34 Human Heredity and Evolution EXTRA CREDIT Paper Prompt .docxtangyechloe
BIO34: Human Heredity and Evolution EXTRA CREDIT Paper Prompt
Roughly 10-years have passed since The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks was published. With regard to legal rights and property claims, there has been some progress towards laws and guidelines regarding using patients’ tissues for research and commercial endeavors. However, there are still many areas of ambiguity in the laws and regulations towards using patients’ cells and/or tissues.
Find a recent example in the news that relates to issues of informed consent, property rights, and patients’ rights that were discussed in The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. A “recent” example can include ANY stories and/or events that have occurred after the publishing of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks in 2009, after which the public became more aware of the issues presented in the book.
Please write a 3-page (double-spaced) paper in which you:
1. Summarize the selected example, providing the Appropriate Citation of the news article(s) in which you learned about the event and/or case being reported on.
2. Provide an analysis in which you compare-and-contrast how the ethical problems were addressed in a manner differently OR similarly than the case with HeLa cells.
3. Provide a concluding argument about whether you think adequate improvements are in the progress of being made towards the issues of consent and/or property rights regarding the use of patient’s tissues, or if there are still notable deficiencies in how we deal with these matters.
You must cite AT LEAST one article that brings up the “recent” example, so you can compare it to The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. The source can be primary or secondary, but must be from a legitimate source (i.e., not just Wikipedia, you need the actual link). If you use additional articles or sources to support your paper, also cite them as needed at the end of the paper.
PLEASE NOTE: citations do NOT count to the 3-page limit (i.e., do not give me a 2-page reference list attached to a 1-page paper).
.
Bio-Assignment02 week two Term 2019 SummerAssignment 2Na.docxtangyechloe
Bio-Assignment02: week two
Term: 2019 Summer
Assignment 2
Name: ___________________________ Time: _______________Total: _________
1. True or False
(i) Viruses contain either RNA or DNA as a genetic material. Answer:___________
(ii) Virus having an arthropod as vector or intermediate host is called arbovirus.
Answer:___________
2. Select the correct pair. Answer:___________
(a) Acidic amino acid - Arginine
(b) Basic amino acid - Phenylalanine
(c) Alcoholic amino acid - Threonine
(d) Neutral amino acid – Cysteine
3. Which of the following is an example of polysaccharides? Answer:__________
(a) Sucrose (b) Maltose (c) Raffinose (d) Cellulose
4. Select the correct statement regarding nucleic acids. Answer:__________
(a) These are long chain micromolecules formed by polymerisation of nucleotides.
(b) The backbone of a DNA strand is built up of deoxyribose and phosphoric acid groups.
(c) The two DNA chains are identical.
(d) RNA is Fuelgen positive.
5. The double stranded DNA has 15% of cytosine. The percentage of adenine in DNA will be: Answer:__________
(a) 35% (b) 30% (c) 45% (d) 70%.
6. A phosphoglyceride is always made up of : Answer:__________
(a) a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid esterified to a glycerol molecule to which a phosphate group is also attached
(b) a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid esterified to a phosphate group which is also attached to a glycerol molecule
(c) only a saturated fatty acid esterified to a glycerol molecule to which a phosphate group is also attached
(d) only an unsaturated fatty acid esterified to a glycerol molecule to which a phosphate group is also attached.
7. In India, we find mangoes with different flavours, colours, fibre content, sugar content and even shelf-life. The large variation is on account of: Answer:__________
(a) species diversity (b) induced mutations
(c) genetic diversity (d) hybridisation.
8. Select the correct chronological order of the evolution of man.
Answer:__________
(a) Australopithecus → Homo erectus → Homo habilis→sapiens
(b) Australopithecus →Homo habilis→ Homo erectus →sapiens
(c) sapiens → Australopithecus → Homo erectus → Homo habilis
(d) sapiens → Australopithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus
9. Essential Amino Acids.
10.Describe the mechanism of inheritance of ABO blood groups in humans.
CHEM-Mid term test:
Term: 2019 Summer
Mid term test
Name: ___________________________ Time: _______________Total: _________
1. Choose the right answer: (2points each, 6 points)
(1)Which of the substances below is not a compound?
A. Sugar
B. Water
C. Chlorine
D. Carbon dioxide Answer:_________________
(2)In the periodic a group of family is described as:
A. Horizontal rows
B. Diagonal rows
C. Vertical columns
D. None of the above .
Bio 105- Please answer 50-60 words each.1.Human Exponential Po.docxtangyechloe
Bio 105- Please answer 50-60 words each.
1.
Human Exponential Population Growth
Prior to 1950, the death rate was high, which kept the numbers of humans from increasing rapidly. In the 19th Century, the agricultural revolution increased food production. The industrial revolution improved methods of transporting food and other good. In the 20th Century, advances in medicine, sanitation and
nutrition
have decreased the death rates further. These factors combined to produce the rapid growth of the human population in the 20th century. Explain 4 factors (
inventions
or public health measures) that decrease the death rates of infants and small children that lead to our exponential population growth.
2.
Population Growth Problem
“The world is characterized by scarcity and competition for limited resources. Further growth of
either
human populations or standard of
living will
be disastrous.”
Think about this statement and decide if you agree or disagree with it and why. Note the
either
clause in the statement.
What would be worse population growth or increases in the average standard of living?
.
Bill is a young professional who comes to you for help. He earns a v.docxtangyechloe
Bill is a young professional who comes to you for help. He earns a very good salary (+$100,000) and is trying to figure out what to do with all his money. He has a checking and a savings account and no debt. He comes to you for help on how to handle his finances.
How would you apply the principles outlined in Modules One through Three to help Bill with his finances?
Paper needs to be based on the items attached to this assignment.
Please do not request to do this paper without understanding the requirements.
.
Bio 209, Dr. Fernandez.Name1.Your ability to .docxtangyechloe
Bio 209, Dr. Fernandez.
Name:
1.
Your ability to roll your tongue is controlled by two alleles that segregate according to Mendel’s segregation principle. The allele for being able to roll your tongue (R) is dominant. The allele for not being able to roll your tongue (r) is recessive. In a cross between two parents who are both heterozygous for the tongue-rolling trait, what will the phenotypic ratio of the offspring be?
2.
Large Kings (W) is a dominant trait in dragons. Small Kings (w) is recessive. If both parents are heterozygous for wing size, what is the probability that an offspring will have small wings?
3.
In a gene for cystic fibrosis, CF+ represents the dominant healthy allele and CF- the recessive disease allele. Human eye color is usually inherited as if the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant and the allele for blue eyes (b) is recessive. In a cross in which both parents are heterozygous for cystic fibrosis and eye color, what would the phenotypic ratio for the offspring be if the alleles sorted independently?
4.
Red eyes (R) is dominant trait in dragons; green eyes (r) is recessive. Large wings (W) is a dominant trait; small wings (w) is recessive. If the alleles for eye color sort independently, what phenotypic ratio of offspring will be produce by this cross?
5.
For each of the individuals with
genotypes below list all the
different
(and only different) possible gametes. Do not use unneeded lines.
a) AABb
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
b) aaBbtt
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
c) DdEeGg
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
d) MmNNRrYy
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
6.
You have two bean plants from true
‐
breeding stocks. One plant has red flowers and is short. The other has white flowers and is very tall. Using the letter "R" (both upper and lower case) for flower color, and "T" (upper and lower case) for tallness, write out the genotype of the two parent plants and the genotype and phenotype of the
F1
offspring.
a) If red is dominant to white, and tall is dominant to short.
Parent 1:
Parent 2:
F1:
b) If red is incompletely dominant to white. In this case a plant heterozygous for the R genes will be pink. Tall is still dominant.
Parent 1:
Parent 2:
F1:
c) Do a Punnett square showing the genotypes and phenotypes for the F2 generation from b).
7.
Joe is genotype Ee for an enzyme found in blood. He is phenotypically normal. However, chemical analysis of Joe’s blood shows that he has less of the enzyme than Vincent, who is genotype EE and is also phenotypically normal. Is the production of this enzyme a trait that shows complete or incomplete dominance? Explain your answer
8.
Recall that widow’s peak and free earlobes are dominant traits. Latoya has a widow’s peak and free earlobes. Dennis has a widow’s peak and attached earlobes. They .
BIO 299 PathologyMicrobial-Environmental Interactions Paper.docxtangyechloe
BIO 299 Pathology/Microbial-Environmental Interactions Paper
You will pick a microorganism for your paper on pathology or microbe-environment interactions. The organism cannot be one of the ones your instructor goes over during lecture listed in the syllabus. Select a pathogen/microbe from current events that is an emerging or reemerging concern to you or people in your area. Provide local epidemiological data/statistics for the organism.
Note this cannot be covid-19, Ebola, flu, clostridium botulinum, Hepatitis C, Anthrax, MRSA. These has been discussed already. Choose something in Africa or the US.
Your paper must include:
Introduction to the organism (structure, cell type, morphology, metabolic requirements, natural reservoir, history, etc.)
Introduction to the disease(s) caused by the organism (epidemiology, signs, symptoms, etc.) OR introduction to the environmental impact of the organism
List and describe factors employed by the organism to assist in its growth, reproduction, culture conditions, host/pathogen interactions and/or virulence. (e.g., nitrogen fixation, symbiotic interactions etc.) Categorize virulence factors by mechanisms of action (Immunity Avoidance, Tissue/Cell Lysis, Colonization/Spread)
Discussion of treatment/prevention options for the disease(s) caused by the organism (Antibiotics or other chemotherapeutics given as part of treatment and their mechanisms of action, Vaccines available and type)
The paper should be a minimum of 5 pages of relevant and informative material that covers all of the content and requirements listed below and in the rubric. The 5 pages does not include the title and reference pages. The paper should thoroughly inform the reader.
APA format. This includes citations and references.
Title page must have a title, student name, instructor name, course title, and date.
No direct quotes; put information into your own words or paraphrase.
Minimum of three (3) primary and at least two (2) secondary scholarly sources, plus any other references used. You also must include in-text citations.
1-inch margins
Double-spaced
12 point, Times New Roman
After uploading to Turnitin, your paper will be scored for similarity. Anything above 18% similarity should be worked on further and uploaded again before the due date.
Over 18 % similarity and/or no references will result in an automatic zero on the paper.
.
Bio 211A. Student The allelopathic effects of the .docxtangyechloe
Bio 211 A. Student
The allelopathic effects of the Pinus Rigada on Raphanus Sativus
A. Student
October 22, 2015
Georgia Military College
Introduction
In a garden, Raphanus sativus were planted near other vegetables that were considered “companion plants”, but the R. sativus plantwas not exhibiting any real growth. Overhead Eastern pitch pine trees (Pinus Rigida) were growing and knowing that pine trees typically exhibit allelopathic tendencies, determining whether P. rigida was to blame or whether there was another contributing factor was important in getting to the root of the problem. To discover if the P. rigida were possibly inhibiting the growth, a study was done to determine if there was any connection between the stunted growth of the R. sativusand the P.rigida. The primary goal of this study was to gather and analyze data on the effects of the P. rigida on the growth of R. sativus. This was done to determine whether P. rigida exhibited allelopathic traits towards the seeds of R. sativus.
The R. sativus is a cultigen, meaning it has been altered by humans and is the result of artificial selection. They belong to the Brassicaceae family, which includes turnips (Brassica rapa), cabbage and relatives (Brassica oleracea) and horseradish (Armoracia rusticana). The name Raphanus refers to the radishes ability to rapidly germinate and is derived from the greek language: ra, meaning quickly and phainomai, meaning to appear. (Plants & Fungi)
Allelopathy is the secretion of chemical substances by plants that inhibit the growth of a competing species. (Allelopathy) A study was done on Pinus halepinsus and the possible allelopathic effects of its needles. In growth chambers, plastic pots consisting of 6(g), 8(g), and 12(g) of pine needle tissue and screened perlite were used to perform this study. Three different physiological stages of pine needles were collected from the P. halepinsus; fresh, senesced, and decaying. The pots containing the pine needle tissue were then seeded with tall fescue, Bermuda grass, or oat at 20, 20, and 3 seeds per pot. The needles tissue of the P. halepinsus in the perlite substrate reduced growth and development of the tall fescue and Bermuda grass. This suggests that toxic chemicals were excreted through the pine needle tissue. Growth inhibition was dependent on the type of pine and the amount incorporated into the pot. From the results, it was concluded that inhibitory compounds were within the pine needle tissue and were more apparent in fresh needles than senesced and decaying needles. (Nektarios, 2005)
The Eastern P. rigidia is from the same family of trees as P. halepinsus called Pinaceae. Being from the same family, it is possible that they exhibit the same allelopathic traits. The inhibited growth of the R. sativus may be caused from possible allelopathic effects of the pine needles from the P. rigidia. If radish (R. sativus) seeds are exposed to extracts from the pitch pine tree (P. rigidi.
Bill of RightsWhen the Constitution was completed in the summer of.docxtangyechloe
Bill of Rights
When the Constitution was completed in the summer of 1787, approval by representatives from nine of the thirteen states was needed for it to become the nation’s law. The issue of individual rights was managed—though this, too, created conflict among the Framers—with the addition of the Bill of Rights. Change was written into the supreme law of the land; since then, legal institutionalization of changes has occurred. Since the Constitution’s adoption, change has taken place through the amendment process identified in the Constitution. Change has also occurred under the direction of the branches of government established in the Constitution: the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary.
Research
The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Review the Bill of Rights in your textbook and select one of the first ten amendments to research more thoroughly. Using the Argosy University online library resources, select at least three peer-reviewed articles about the amendment you have selected. Look specifically for articles that focus on current events or controversies related to the amendment and be prepared to summarize the content of each article.
Annotated Bibliography
Prepare an annotated bibliography of your research. Please read
Annotated Bibliography.pdf
for an overview on annotated bibiographies. Click
here
for an example of what an annotated bibliography looks like. Include the following:
For each article, write details such as the article title, author name, journal title, and publication date.
Write a summary of each article in 200–250 words.
Write the conclusions you have drawn from research and your opinion in 1–2 paragraphs.
Write a reference list of the selected articles in APA style.
Write a 2–3-page annotated bibliography in Word format. Apply APA standards for writing style to your work
.
BIO 10 Can Eating Insects Save the WorldDue Monday, Dec 10, .docxtangyechloe
BIO 10
Can Eating Insects Save the World?
Due: Monday, Dec 10, 2018, 11:59pm
(10 points)
Instructions:
· Watch the documentary (59 min): https://youtu.be/Acxbx-DUkL4
· Answer the 6 questions below. Copy and paste the entire section, including questions onto Canvas for submission.
Short answer questions:
Keep your answers to a few sentences each. #4 can be a little longer.
1) List and discuss the health benefits of eating insects.
2) List and discuss the benefit(s) to the environment.
3) List and discuss the impact(s) on the planet and the human population.
4) Can you think of some disadvantages of eating insects? Do a bit of research to verify your claim either way. Briefly present your evidence in support of your answer.
5) Are spiders insects? Explain.
Running head: THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION
Alajmi
1
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION
Alajmi
2
The Difference between Data and Information
Jassim Alajmi
Dr. Qudrat
The Difference between Data and Information
Introduction
Most of the individuals have the belief that the term information and data are interchangeable and have the same meaning. Nevertheless, there exists a unique difference between the two terms. Data can refer to any character, word, text, or number and if it is not placed into context, doesn't mean anything or means very little to humans. Information may be in its context a data which is formatted in such a way allowing it to be used by people in certain vital situations. Understanding the differences between data and information is essential because it helps to eradicate the apparent confusion brought about by the application of the two terms in organizations and other relevant professions.
Data
Data refers to the grouping of details and facts such as figures, texts, symbols, observations, or merely descriptions of certain things, entities or events collected with the aim of creating inferences. It represents the raw facts which require processing to obtain the information which needed for action to be taken upon a given situation (Silverman, 2018). It is mostly known to entail such things as characters and statements, as well as numbers before undergoing refining by the individual involved in its extraction who in this case is known as the researcher.
The word data is derived from the Latin word called datum which means something given. Data is therefore offered and provided by individuals involved in the survey process. Its concept is thus linked to the scientific research which included a collection of data and analysis before interpreting it to come up with the exact information regarding a given situation (Silverman, 2018). It is often gathered by several organizations, institutions, government departments as well as non-governmental agencies and bodies for various distinct reasons. Data exists in two major forms namely primary and secondary data.
Primary data is that data which is gathered by researchers from .
billy rich and Michael million are two very wealthy, elderly men. si.docxtangyechloe
billy rich and Michael million are two very wealthy, elderly men. since neither of them have any heirs, they decide to give away all but $1 of their fortune before they die. billy Rich has $1,340,000 and is giving 1/3 of his remaining money away each year. Micheal Million has $980,000 and is giving away 1/4 of his money away each year. who will get down to their final dollar first: Billy or Micheal? how many years will it take each of them to give away their fortune?
.
Billau ! 1Alessandro Billau Dr. Daniel Cicenia C.docxtangyechloe
Billau ! 1
Alessandro Billau
Dr. Daniel Cicenia
CPO-2001
26 February 2019
Term Paper Proposal
After carefully examining the syllabus and textbook the country of my choice in which I
would enjoy conducting thorough research on is the nation of Turkey. The recent tensions flaring
up in Syria, President Donald Trump is withdrawing U.S troops after he threatens to “devastate”
Turkey’s economy if they attack Kurdish forces; leaving Turkey to worried the future of their
national security. In such a country where religion and political turmoil merge it is close to
impossible to predict the future of their actions. These events have sparked my interest in
learning more about the political, economic, and social relations in Turkey.
Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey which was once ruled by both Christian and Muslim
empires. After World War 1, the Ottoman Empire sits defeated which led to the Turkish War of
Independence in 1919 — leading to the overthrow and downfall of Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin.
Next, the Republic of Turkey is founded by Kemal Ataturk, a national hero, later named as the
first President of Turkey. On October 29, 1923, a new Turkish constitution replaced the
constitution of the Ottoman Empire, forever marking the independence of the nation.
In addition, using library databases from the State College of Florida will allow me to
find books, magazines, and academic articles regarding the political sanctions enforced in
Turkey. One of the things I would hope to learn during research assignment is not only how
politics is done in Turkey but its relationships in regards to other countries. Finally, achieving
approval for this paper will allow me to learn more about the political structure in Turkey.
Billau ! 2
Outline
I. Turkey
A. How have social, economic, and political sanctions changed over time in Turkey?
B. The purpose of this research paper is to learn more about the political, economic, and
social relations in Turkey.
II. Politics in Turkey
A. Democratic parliamentary republic system
B. Branches
1. Executive
2. Legislative
3. Judicial
III. Political Situation
A. Independence of Turkey
B. Kemal Ataturk
C. Justice and Development Party
D. Foreign and domestic policy
IV. Economic Situation
A. Fiscal policy
B. Globalization
C. Debt
D. Low and middle class
V. Political Socialization
A. Education
B. Mass media
C. Democratic future
VI. Sources
A. Santa Fe College Library databases
1. JSTOR
a) Academic journals
.
BIG DATA
Prepared By
Muhammad Abrar Uddin
Introduction
· Big Data may well be the Next Big Thing in the IT world.
· Big data burst upon the scene in the first decade of the 21st century.
· The first organizations to embrace it were online and startup firms. Firms like Google, eBay, LinkedIn, and Facebook were built around big data from the beginning.
· Like many new information technologies, big data can bring about dramatic cost reductions, substantial improvements in the time required to perform a computing task, or new product and service offerings.
What is BIG DATA?
· ‘Big Data’ is similar to ‘small data’, but bigger in
size
· but having data bigger it requires different approaches:
– Techniques, tools and architecture
· an aim to solve new problems or old problems in a better way
· Big Data generates value from the storage and processing of very large quantities of digital information that cannot be analyzed with traditional computing techniques.
What is BIG DATA
· Walmart handles more than 1 million customer transactions every hour.
· Facebook handles 40 billion photos from its user base.
· Decoding the human genome originally took 10years to process; now it can be achieved in one week.
Three Characteristics of Big Data V3s
(
Volume
Data
quantity
) (
Velocity
Data
Speed
) (
Variety
Data
Types
)
1st Character of Big Data
Volume
· A typical PC might have had 10 gigabytes of storage in 2000.
· Today, Facebook ingests 500 terabytes of new data every day.
· Boeing 737 will generate 240 terabytes of flight data during a single
flight across the US.
· The smart phones, the data they create and consume; sensors embedded into everyday objects will soon result in billions of new, constantly-updated data feeds containing environmental, location, and other information, including video.
2nd Character of Big Data
Velocity
· Clickstreams and ad impressions capture user behavior at millions of events per second
· high-frequency stock trading algorithms reflect market changes within microseconds
· machine to machine processes exchange data between billions of devices
· infrastructure and sensors generate massive log data in real- time
· on-line gaming systems support millions of concurrent users, each producing multiple inputs per second.
3rd Character of Big Data
Variety
· Big Data isn't just numbers, dates, and strings. Big Data is also geospatial data, 3D data, audio and video, and unstructured text, including log files and social media.
· Traditional database systems were designed to address smaller volumes of structured data, fewer updates or a predictable, consistent data structure.
· Big Data analysis includes different types of data
Storing Big Data
· Analyzing your data characteristics
· Selecting data sources for analysis
· Eliminating redundant data
· Establishing the role of NoSQL
· Overview of Big Data stores
· Data models: key value, graph, document, column-family
· Hadoop Distributed File System
· H.
Big Five Personality Short FormThis is an example of an indivi.docxtangyechloe
Big Five Personality Short Form
This is an example of an individual self-assessment of personal styles. The sample questions below allow you to indicate your personal style on each of five global trait dimensions. There is no “right” or “wrong” or “good” or “bad” side to these dimensions; rather they help you identify your stylistic disposition and potential strengths. This is similar to finding out if you are left- or right-handed. Below each global trait is an example of personal style and three related questions with some on each of the poles.
Openness
Openness is the level of a person’s receptiveness to novel ideas, change, innovation, and new learning. On the continuum, this can be seen as preference for change on one end of the spectrum and preference for stability on the other.
Preference for Change
You value new learning, change, and innovation and find motivation in novelty, variety, and possibilities for improvement. New tasks and new learning are stimulating and attractive to you.
Answer each of the questions listed below by marking the selection that best describes your present agreement or disagreement with each statement.
Preference for Stability
You value familiarity, predictability, and precedent, and find comfort in stability, routine, and tradition. New tasks and new learning may be uninteresting or demanding for you.
1. The idea of lifelong learning appeals to me.
Strongly Agree
x
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
2. I find it fun to learn and develop new hobbies
Strongly Agree
Agree
x
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
x
Neutral
Agree
Strongly Agree
3. I have difficulty understanding abstract ideas.
Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness is the factor related to one’s reliability, dependability, trustworthiness, and the inclination to follow norms and rules.
Structured
Orderly, organized, and predictable, you strive to work according to plan and obey the rules, and you expect others to do the same. Comfortable with established procedures and policies, you appreciate reliability and conscientiousness in those around you.
Answer each of the questions listed below by marking the selection that best describes your present agreement or disagreement with each statement.
Flexible
Spontaneous, flexible, and adaptable, you strive to get results, by unconventional means if necessary, and feel restricted by rules and regulations. Comfortable with ambiguity, you appreciate originality and nonconformity in those around you.
1. I am very dependable and reliable in everything I do
Strongly Agree
x
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
2. I like to keep everything I own in its proper place.
Strongly Agree
Agree
x
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Disagree
x
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly Agree
3. It is hard for me to keep my bedroom neat and clean.
Extroversion
Extroversion is a tendency to be outgoing, social, expressive, an.
BIG IOT AND SOCIAL NETWORKING DATA FOR SMART CITIES Alg.docxtangyechloe
BIG IOT AND SOCIAL NETWORKING DATA FOR SMART
CITIES:
Algorithmic improvements on Big Data Analysis in the context of RADICAL city
applications
Evangelos Psomakelis12,Fotis Aisopos1, Antonios Litke1, Konstantinos Tserpes21, Magdalini
Kardara1 and Pablo Martínez Campo3
1Distributed Knowledge and Media Systems Group, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens,
Greece
2Informatics and Telematics Dept, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
3Communications Engineering department, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
{fotais, litke, nkardara, tserpes, vpsomak}@mail.ntua.gr,[email protected]
Keywords: Internet of Things, Social Networking, Big Data Aggregation and Analysis, Smart City applications,
Sentiment Analysis, Machine Learning
Abstract: In this paper we present a SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)-based platform, enabling the retrieval and
analysis of big datasets stemming from social networking (SN) sites and Internet of Things (IoT) devices,
collected by smart city applications and socially-aware data aggregation services. A large set of city
applications in the areas of Participating Urbanism, Augmented Reality and Sound-Mapping throughout
participating cities is being applied, resulting into produced sets of millions of user-generated events and
online SN reports fed into the RADICAL platform. Moreover, we study the application of data analytics such
as sentiment analysis to the combined IoT and SN data saved into an SQL database, further investigating
algorithmic and configurations to minimize delays in dataset processing and results retrieval.
1 INTRODUCTION
Modern cities are increasingly turning towards
ICT technology for confronting pressures associated
with demographic changes, urbanization, climate
change (Romero Lankao, 2008) and globalization.
Therefore, most cities have undertaken significant
investments during the last decade in ICT
infrastructure including computers, broadband
connectivity and recently sensing infrastructures.
These infrastructures have empowered a number of
innovative services in areas such as participatory
sensing, urban logistics and ambient assisted living.
Such services have been extensively deployed in
several cities, thereby demonstrating the potential
benefits of ICT infrastructures for businesses and the
citizens themselves. During the last few years we
have also witnessed an explosion of sensor
deployments and social networking services, along
with the emergence of social networking (Conti et al.,
2011) and internet‐of‐things technologies (Perera et
al., 2013; Sundmaeker et al., 2010) Social and sensor
networks can be combined in order to offer a variety
of added‐value services for smart cities, as has
already been demonstrated by various early internet‐
of‐things applications (such as WikiCity(Calabrese et
al., 2007), CitySense(Murty et al., 2007),
GoogleLatitude(Page and Kobsa, 2010)), as.
Big Data Risks and Rewards (good length and at least 3-4 references .docxtangyechloe
Big Data Risks and Rewards (good length and at least 3-4 references everything in APA 7 format)
When you wake in the morning, you may reach for your cell phone to reply to a few text or email messages that you missed overnight. On your drive to work, you may stop to refuel your car. Upon your arrival, you might swipe a key card at the door to gain entrance to the facility. And before finally reaching your workstation, you may stop by the cafeteria to purchase a coffee.
From the moment you wake, you are in fact a data-generation machine. Each use of your phone, every transaction you make using a debit or credit card, even your entrance to your place of work, creates data. It begs the question: How much data do you generate each day? Many studies have been conducted on this, and the numbers are staggering: Estimates suggest that nearly 1 million bytes of data are generated every second for every person on earth.
As the volume of data increases, information professionals have looked for ways to use big data—large, complex sets of data that require specialized approaches to use effectively. Big data has the potential for significant rewards—and significant risks—to healthcare. In this Discussion, you will consider these risks and rewards.
To Prepare:
Review the Resources and reflect on the web article
Big Data Means Big Potential, Challenges for Nurse Execs
.
Reflect on your own experience with complex health information access and management and consider potential challenges and risks you may have experienced or observed.
By Day 3 of Week 5
Post
a description of at least one potential benefit of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Then, describe at least one potential challenge or risk of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Propose at least one strategy you have experienced, observed, or researched that may effectively mitigate the challenges or risks of using big data you described. Be specific and provide examples.
By Day 6 of Week 5
Respond
to at least
two
of your colleagues
* on two different days
, by offering one or more additional mitigation strategies or further insight into your colleagues’ assessment of big data opportunities and risks.
Click on the
Reply
button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the
Submit
button to post your message.
*Note:
Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.
Michea Discussion ( in APA 7 format and at least 2-3 references)
With the fast growing pace of technological advancement in the health care sector, daily operations of the institution helps generate millions of data that over time needs proper channels of transmission, storage, processing, assimilation and utilization. Following from the vast amount of data generated, some of its benefits includes but is not limited to functioning as a pattern discovery aid with relation to the amount of variance or similarity in .
biblioteca ciencias estudiantes
examen laboratorio profesora
1. Yo estudio las como la física y la química.
2. Mi de español es la señora Hernández.
3. En mi clase de historia hay veinte .
4. Normalmente tenemos clase de química en el .
5. Guillermo siempre estudia en la .
6. Hoy tengo un muy difícil.
• número
• casa
• cuarto
• seis
• curso
• periodismo
• estadio
• reloj
• biblioteca
• pluma
• libro
• semana
• prueba
• tiza
• examen
• mochila
• pizarra
• tiza
• especialización
• librería
• profesor
• borrador
• silla
• estudiante
• hora
• reloj
• papelera
• pluma
• puerta
• programa
• mujer
• ventana
• • inglés
• matemáticas
• borrador
• sociología
• • mesa
• física
• escritorio
• silla
• • papel
• pluma
• puerta
• cuaderno
• • librería
• biblioteca
• residencia
• mochila
• • ventana
• curso
• clase
• materia
• Marissa toma (is taking) ____ en la universidad.
• español, psicología, economía y música
• historia, inglés, sociología y periodismo
• español, historia, literatura y geografía
• El profesor Morales enseña (teaches) ____.
• química
• matemáticas
• historia
• Juan Carlos toma química ____.
• los miércoles, jueves y viernes
• los lunes, miércoles y viernes
• los lunes, martes y jueves
• Miguel necesita ir a (needs to go to) ____.
• la biblioteca
• la residencia estudiantil
• la librería
1. Juan Carlos toma y computación porque le gusta .
2. Cuando Marissa está en clase, le gusta estar de la ventana.
3. Cuando Felipe está en clase, le gusta estar el reloj y .
4. Cuando están al teléfono, la mamá de Maru mientras ella .
5. Antes de ir a la biblioteca, Maru y Miguel van a .
6. La librería está de la biblioteca.
• Students in Spanish-speaking countries must pay large amounts of money toward their college tuition.
• cierto
• falso
• Carrera refers to any undergraduate or graduate program that students enroll in to obtain a professional degree.
• cierto
• falso
• After studying at a colegio, students receive their bachillerato.
• cierto
• falso
• Undergraduates study at a colegio or an universidad.
• cierto
• falso
• In Latin America and Spain, students usually choose their majors in their second year at the university.
• cierto
• falso
• The polimodal system helps students choose their university major.
• cierto
• falso
• In Mexico, the bachillerato involves specialized study.
• cierto
• falso
• In Spain, majors depend on entrance exam scores.
• cierto
• falso
• Venezuelans complete a licenciatura in five years.
• cierto
• falso
• According to statistics, Colombians constitute the third-largest Latin American group studying at U.S. universities.
• cierto
• falso
• The University of Salamanca was established in the year ____.
• 1812
• 1968
• 1218
• A ____ .
Big data in media and digital PlatformsResearch Paper Format.docxtangyechloe
Big data in media and digital Platforms
Research Paper Format
1. Cover Page
2. Abstract
3. Table of content
4. Discussion- Main Content
5. Justification and Explanation
6. Conclusion
7. Citation/ References
APA format
No plagarism
7-8 Pages
.
Big data can be described as a large and complex set of data tha.docxtangyechloe
Big data can be described as a large and complex set of data that requires specialized approaches to use effectively to uncover hidden insights and help solve problems that may arise in healthcare. Big data in healthcare focuses on the patient’s data to improve their clinical experience, use operational data to maximize workflow, and use financial data to streamline revenue (Agarwal, Gao, DesRoches & Jha, 2010). Nurse executives in the healthcare system need to be diverse thinkers on manipulating vast amounts of data to shape and reshape the system (Gefen & Ragowsky, 2005). Critical analysis and synthesis of the data are done to develop conclusions on how to plan and run the organization. Although the assessment of big data is vital, it bears benefits as well as detriments.
The main challenges that big data has on healthcare are increased healthcare data and growing costs. Health records moved from manual to digital, which increased the volume of the data made available. Health care data is not limited to what the healthcare providers present but includes data from the internet-of-things devices such as wearable devices, smartphone applications, and increased social media traffic. This extensive collection of data from these sources means a large data deposit that needs to be analyzed in the healthcare system (Bryant, Katz & Lazowska, 2008). Large amounts of input suggest that processing this data to give meaningful output requires high healthcare investments to allow for such analysis to be made by trained clinical staff. Big data needs to be sorted to develop conclusions on how to run the organization to achieve quality and enhanced information.
On the other hand, big data ensures effectiveness and personalized care with complete records of the patients. The data collected from the various health care platforms brings about more detailed information about a patient’s health. Although the information contained might seem bulky, once it has been sorted and organized, it provides a perspective on efficiency in healthcare services and neat patient information storage. Big data makes it possible for clinical systems to provide quality care to patients (Goh, Gao & Agarwal, 2011). Some patient records bring to focus those who have a risk of chronic illnesses. Hospitals need to identify such cases early and develop treatment, ensuring that the patient’s condition is mitigated before getting worse.
Challenges experienced in healthcare systems need to be solved for big data to become a valuable healthcare system tool. Getting rid of medication errors is one way to begin. A significant cause of health problems often leading to death is giving wrong medications to patients. Implementing high-end computing tools in the healthcare system is essential to access and process the collected data (Goh et al., 2011). As much as a vast amount of data is available, it is imperative to avoid making errors. The records compiled should be analyzed for proper medi.
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BIO120Concepts of BiologyUnit 2 Lecture Part One Cel.docx
1. BIO120
Concepts of Biology
Unit 2 Lecture
Part One: Cell Biology
Microscopy
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
In 1665, Robert Hooke was the first person to describe a cell,
because no one ever had a lens powerful enough to see one.
His first specimen was a piece of cork, the cells reminded him
of
little rooms (cella). Hence the name.
Discovering Cells
Microscopy
Discovering Cells
Discovering Microbes
Modern Light
Microscopes
Cell Image
2. Electron Microscope
Size of Cells
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
Although Hooke was the first person to see a cell,
Leeuwenhoek described the most cells in about 1683. He
was first to see bacteria and other microbes, because his lens
was 10 times more powerful than Hooke’s.
Discovering Microbes
Microscopy
Discovering Cells
Discovering Microbes
Modern Light
Microscopes
Cell Image
Electron Microscope
Size of Cells
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
3. Most modern light microscopes can magnify objects up
to 400 or 1,000 times the size of what you can see with
the naked eye. Some light microscopes are dissecting
microscopes, which have a lower magnification, but allow
biologist to examine larger objects.
Modern Light Microscopes
Bright Field MicroscopeDissecting Microscope
Microscopy
Discovering Cells
Discovering Microbes
Modern Light
Microscopes
Cell Image
Electron Microscope
Size of Cells
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
This image shows uterine cervix cells, viewed through
a light microscope. The cells were obtained from a Pap
4. smear during a gynecological exam. The cells on the left
are normal. The cells on the right are infected with human
papillomavirus, which can cause cervical cancer. These
potential cancerous cells are bigger and appear to be
dividing. The cells are blue, because they have been stained
to help see them better.
Cell Image
Microscopy
Discovering Cells
Discovering Microbes
Modern Light
Microscopes
Cell Image
Electron Microscope
Size of Cells
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
Even more powerful than a light microscope is an electron
microscope. Electron microscope uses electrons instead of
light to form images and can magnify images 100,000 x.
The top images shows the amazing details on an ant head.
The lower image shows Salmonella infecting human cells.
5. Electron Microscope
Microscopy
Discovering Cells
Discovering Microbes
Modern Light
Microscopes
Cell Image
Electron Microscope
Size of Cells
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
This image summarizes the sizes of cells and their
components and what can be seen by the naked eye, light
microscope, and electron microscope.
Size of Cells
Microscopy
Discovering Cells
Discovering Microbes
Modern Light
6. Microscopes
Cell Image
Electron Microscope
Size of Cells
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
Cells can be classified as either prokaryotes or eukaryotes
depending on whether a nucleus is present or absent.
Prokaryotes are cells that lack a nucleus. They are single-
celled organisms such as the E.Coli bacteria that lives in
your intestine. Eukaryotes are cells that contain a nucleus,
and are found in animals, plants, and fungi. Some single-cell
organisms such as amoebas are eukaryotes. The membrane
surrounding the nucleus is called the nuclear envelope.
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Microscopy
Osmosis & Diffusion
Cell Structure
8. Membranes
Microscopy
Osmosis & Diffusion
Cell Structure
Prokaryote vs.
Eukaryote
Membranes
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endomembrane
System
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Extracelluar Matrix
Intercellular
Connections
Cells contain proteins that provide internal structural
9. support similar to how we need our bones to stand up right
and move.
In eukaryotes, there are three types of cytoskeletal
molecules from largest to smallest:
• Microtubules
• Intermediate filaments
• Microfilaments (actin filaments)
Cytoskeleton
Microscopy
Osmosis & Diffusion
Cell Structure
Prokaryote vs.
Eukaryote
Membranes
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endomembrane
System
Exocytosis
10. Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Extracelluar Matrix
Intercellular
Connections
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cells, because they
synthesize large quantities of ATP, the main energy carrier in
the cell.
Mitochondria
Microscopy
Osmosis & Diffusion
Cell Structure
Prokaryote vs.
Eukaryote
Membranes
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endomembrane
System
11. Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Extracelluar Matrix
Intercellular
Connections
Chloroplasts are found in plant cell and other cells that
perform photosynthesis: the synthesis of sugar from light,
water, and carbon dioxide. Chlorophyll is the pigment inside
chloroplasts that absorb light and give these organelles their
green appearance.
Chloroplasts
Microscopy
Osmosis & Diffusion
Cell Structure
Prokaryote vs.
Eukaryote
Membranes
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
12. Chloroplasts
Endomembrane
System
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Extracelluar Matrix
Intercellular
Connections
The endomembrane system is an interconnected system
of membranes from several organelles: nuclear envelope,
endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, plasma
membrane, lysomes, and vacuoles.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) synthesizes membrane
proteins & secreted proteins that are then modified by the Golgi
apparatus and sorted to their final destination.
Endomembrane System
Microscopy
Osmosis & Diffusion
Cell Structure
15. • Pinocytosis: the cell membrane surrounds a small volume
of fluid and pinches off to form a vesicle.
• Receptor-mediated endocytosis: molecules bind to specific
receptors on the membrane that pinch off and internalize
the molecule. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz
Villarreal)
Endocytosis
Microscopy
Osmosis & Diffusion
Cell Structure
Prokaryote vs.
Eukaryote
Membranes
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endomembrane
System
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
16. Extracelluar Matrix
Intercellular
Connections
After endocytosis, the vesicles are sorted to different parts
of the cells. For example, macrophages are a type of white
blood cells that destroy bacteria. During phagocytosis of a
bacterium, the vesicle fuses with a lysosome that contains
enzymes that will breakdown the bacterium.
Phagocytosis
Microscopy
Osmosis & Diffusion
Cell Structure
Prokaryote vs.
Eukaryote
Membranes
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endomembrane
System
18. Endomembrane
System
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Extracelluar Matrix
Intercellular
Connections
Cells form four types of connections with other cells:
a. Plasmodesmata is a channel between the cell walls of two
adjacent plant cells.
b. Tight junctions form water-tight seal between adjacent
animal cells.
c. Desmosomes join two animal cells together. They form
strong connections but are not as water-tight as tight
junctions.
d. Gap junctions act as channels between animal cells. Both
gap junctions and plasmodesmata connect the cytoplasm
between adjacent cells allow the tissue to act together.
Intercellular Connections
Microscopy
19. Osmosis & Diffusion
Cell Structure
Prokaryote vs.
Eukaryote
Membranes
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endomembrane
System
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Extracelluar Matrix
Intercellular
Connections
Diffusion is the process of molecules moving from an area
of high concentration to a low concentration (concentration
gradient). Some nonpolar molecules can diffuse through
membranes. Polar and charged molecules require transport
proteins to cross the membrane.
20. Diffusion
Microscopy
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
Diffusion
Osmosis
Tonicity
Electrochemical
Gradient
Na/K Pump
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable
that allows water but not large molecules to move across.
Water flows from higher to lower amount of water until the
concentration of solutes is equivalent on both sides of the
membrane.
Osmosis
Microscopy
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
21. Diffusion
Osmosis
Tonicity
Electrochemical
Gradient
Na/K Pump
Tonicity is the concentration of salt and other solutes.
Hypertonic solution have high salt concentration that draws
water out of the cells and shrink them.
Isotonic solution are balanced with the cytoplasm resulting in
no net change in water or shape.
Hyptonic soltions are low salt concentrations, forcing water
into the cell and expanding them or causing them to lyse
(break apart).
In plant cells, the cell wall resists this change in cell shape,
creating an opposing pressure called turgor pressure
Tonicity
Microscopy
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
22. Diffusion
Osmosis
Tonicity
Electrochemical
Gradient
Na/K Pump
The movement of charge molecules is dependent upon two
forces:
• The diffusion from high to low concentration
(concentration gradient).
• The diffusion towards the opposite electrical charge
(electrical gradient).
The end result is a electrical potential across the membrane
of about – 60 mV
Electrochemical Gradient
Microscopy
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
Diffusion
Osmosis
23. Tonicity
Electrochemical
Gradient
Na/K Pump
The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to moves
potassium and sodium ions across the plasma membrane
in order to main and regulate the electrochemical potential
across the membrane.
Na/K Pump
Microscopy
Cell Structure
Osmosis & Diffusion
Diffusion
Osmosis
Tonicity
Electrochemical
Gradient
Na/K Pump
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Assignment for BIO120 Concepts in Biology
Unit 2 Cell Processes
Due: Midnight Sunday of Unit 2
Compare and contrast the processes of osmosis, diffusion,
facilitated transport, and active transport of molecules across a
cell membrane.
The paper should be at least 400- 500 words (~ 1 double-spaced,
APA formatted page).
Students: Be sure to read the criteria, by which your
paper/project will be evaluated, before you write, and again
after you write.
Evaluation Rubric for Unit 2 Cell Processes Assignment
CRITERIA
Deficient
(0 Points)
Proficient
(1 Points)
Exemplary
(2Points)
Points
Possible
1.
Describes osmosis
Does not include osmosis
Includes osmosis but does not describe it accurately.
Includes osmosis and describes how it differs from other
transport processes.
2
2.
Describes diffusion
25. Does not include diffusion
Includes diffusion but does not describe it accurately.
Includes diffusion and describes how it differs from other
transport processes.
2
3.
Describes facilitated transport
Does not include facilitated transport
Includes facilitated transport but does not describe it accurately.
Includes facilitated transport and describes how it differs from
other transport processes.
2
4.
Describes active transport
Does not include active transport
Includes active transport but does not describe it accurately.
Includes active transport and describes how it differs from other
transport processes.
2
5.
Grammar, spelling, and formatting
The essay does NOT follow the APA format guidelines or
contains more than six grammatical errors or misspellings.
The essay follows the APA format guidelines but contains three
to six grammatical errors or misspellings.
The essay follows the APA format guidelines and contains no
more than three grammatical errors or misspellings.
2
6.
Clear and professional writing
Writing is not well-organized or cannot be easily followed or
understood. Uses choppy or rambling sentences.
Writing is organized and can be followed, The essay contains
effective transitions between sentences.
Writing is clear, professional, and well-organized. Essay is can
be easily followed and uses effective transitions between
27. Genome
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G-Zero (G
0
)
Cell Cycle
Regulation
Cancer
Eukaryote
Cell Division
Cell Cycle
Prokaryotes:
Binary Fission
The ultimate purpose of cell division is to transmit genetic
material to the next generation of cells. The sum of all genes or
genetic material of an organism is called the genome.
• In prokaryotes, the genome is single circular piece of DNA
• In eukaryote, the genome consists of multiple, linear
chromosomes (23 pairs in humans)
Eukaryote cells can have more than one copy of each
chromosome, a condition called diploidy. Haploid cells have
28. one copy; diploid cells have two. For example, human gametes
(sperm and eggs) are haploid with 23 chromosomes. The rest
of the cells of the body (somatic cell) are diploid with 23 pairs
of chromosomes. Each pair of matched chromosomes are
homologous chromosomes (e.g. the chromosomes 1 from
your dad and from you mom are homologous chromosomes).
Different species have different number of chromosomes,
which provides a reproductive barrier between species.
Genome
Genome
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G-Zero (G
0
)
Cell Cycle
Regulation
Cancer
Eukaryote
Cell Division
Cell Cycle
Prokaryotes:
Binary Fission
29. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually in which the daughter cells
are clones of the original cell. The most common form of
asexual reproduction in prokaryotes is binary fission. During
binary fission, DNA starts to replicate at a specific site on
the DNA: the origin of replication. After DNA replication,
the chromosome attach to opposite sides of the cell. A
protein called Ftsz then forms a ring between the genomes.
A septum (a partition) then forms between the cells causing
them to pinch off from each other.
Prokaryotes: Binary Fission
Genome
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G-Zero (G
0
)
Cell Cycle
Regulation
Cancer
Eukaryote
Cell Division
Cell Cycle
Prokaryotes:
Binary Fission
30. Eukaryote cells have two forms of cell division: mitosis and
meiosis. Cells divide by mitosis to create two daughter cells
that have same genetic material. Mitosis allows multicellular
organisms to grow and differentiate. Cells divide by meiosis
to produce gametes that have half the genetic material of the
starting cells. In this unit, we focus on mitosis. We will return
to meiosis in Unit 4.
Eukaryote Cell Division
Genome
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G-Zero (G
0
)
Cell Cycle
Regulation
Cancer
Eukaryote
Cell Division
Cell Cycle
Prokaryotes:
Binary Fission
31. Cells grow and divide by progressing through a series
of stages called the cell cycle. There are two phases
in eukaryotes: interphase and mitotic phase. During
interphase, cells grow and replicate their DNA. Interphase
has three subdivisions:
• G1 (Gap 1) when cells are growing to prepare for DNA
replication.
• S phase when cells are synthesizing and replicating DNA
and also duplicate centrosomes
• G2 cells check that DNA reproduction occurred
correctly and continue to grow and prepare for mitosis.
After G2, cells entire the mitotic phase. During mitosis, the
chromosomes and centrosomes that were duplicated in the
S phase are now separated into the daughter nuclei. The cell
then usually divides the cytoplasm among the two daughter
cells, a process called cytokinesis.
Cell Cycle
Genome
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G-Zero (G
0
)
Cell Cycle
32. Regulation
Cancer
Eukaryote
Cell Division
Cell Cycle
Prokaryotes:
Binary Fission
Animal cell mitosis is divided into five stage:
• Prophase – chromosomes condense and
nuclear membrane breaks down.
• Prometaphase - mitotic spindles from the
centrosomes attach to chromosomes
• Metaphase – chromosomes line up in the
middle of the cell from the metaphase
plate.
• Anaphase – sister chromatids are
separated into opposite ends.
• Telophase— the reformation of the
nuclear envelope in the daughter cells.
• Cytokinesis – final separate of cells into
two daughter cells.
Mitosis
33. Genome
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G-Zero (G
0
)
Cell Cycle
Regulation
Cancer
Eukaryote
Cell Division
Cell Cycle
Prokaryotes:
Binary Fission
Animal and plants cells undergo cytokinesis differently.
In animal cells (a), a cleavage furrow forms at the former
metaphase plate in the animal cell. The plasma membrane is
drawn in by a ring of actin fibers contracting just inside the
membrane. The cleavage furrow deepens until the cells are
pinched in two. In plants (b), Golgi vesicles coalesce at the
former metaphase plate and then fuse to form the cell plate.
The cell plate grows from the center toward the cell walls.
New cell walls are made from the vesicle contents.
Cytokinesis
34. Genome
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G-Zero (G
0
)
Cell Cycle
Regulation
Cancer
Eukaryote
Cell Division
Cell Cycle
Prokaryotes:
Binary Fission
Cells that no longer need to divide can exit the cell cycle and
enter G
0
. In some cases, this is a temporary condition until
triggered to enter G1. In other cases, the cell will remain in G
0
permanently (e.g. neurons, muscle cells).
35. G-Zero (G
0
)
Genome
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G-Zero (G
0
)
Cell Cycle
Regulation
Cancer
Eukaryote
Cell Division
Cell Cycle
Prokaryotes:
Binary Fission
The cell cycle is controlled at three checkpoints. Integrity
of the DNA is assessed at the G1 checkpoint. Proper
chromosome duplication is assessed at the G2 checkpoint.
Attachment of each kinetochore to a spindle fiber is assessed
at the M checkpoint. Disruption of these cell cycle check
36. points by say mutations, can lead to uncontrolled growth.
Cell Cycle Regulation
Genome
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G-Zero (G
0
)
Cell Cycle
Regulation
Cancer
Eukaryote
Cell Division
Cell Cycle
Prokaryotes:
Binary Fission
Cancer can results from mutations in different genes. Most
mutations either have no effect or cause enough damage to
cause the cell to activate a controlled, self-destruct sequence
(apoptosis). However, some mutations will disrupt regulation
of the cell cycle leading to uncontrolled growth. One of
the most commonly mutated genes is the p53 gene, which
encodes a protein that monitors for DNA damage. If the
37. DNA damage is repaired, the cell resumes division. If the p53
gene is mutated, then DNA damage accumulates undetected,
which can result in additional loses of cell cycle regulation.
Most cancers are believed to require at least two mutations
before the cells take on characteristic of cancer cells. Even
after the cancer grows into a tumor, some tumors are benign
and do not pose a serious risk. However, some tumors
can acquire additional mutations that allow cancer cells to
travel in the blood to latch on to other organs, a process
called metastasis. A cancer that has metastasized is very
dangerous. Some treatments for cancer such as radiation
therapy and chemotherapy infer with cell division. Because
cancerous cells tend to divide faster than noncancerous cells,
these treatments should be more damaging to cancerous
cells than noncancerous cells. More recent therapies are
aimed at better targeting treatments to only cancerous cells
and reduce the side effects of other treatments.
Cancer
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