The document contains 73 multiple choice questions related to statistical concepts such as hypothesis testing, measures of central tendency, correlation, regression, sampling, and chi-square tests. The questions cover topics like the difference between parameters and statistics, types of errors in hypothesis testing, measures of dispersion, levels of significance, and definitions of key statistical terms.

1. Khyber Medical University
1. For a random sample of 9 women, the average resting pulse rate is x = 76 beats per minute, and the sample
standard deviation is s = 5. The standard error of the sample mean is
A. 0.557 B. 0.745 C. 1.667 D. 2.778
2. Null and alternative hypotheses are statements about:
A. population parameters. B. sample parameters. C. sample statistics.
D. it depends - sometimes population parameters and sometimes sample statistics.
3. A result is called “statistically significant” whenever
A. The null hypothesis is true. B. The alternative hypothesis is true. C. The p-value is less than the
significance level. D. The p-value is larger than the significance level.
4. A statement about a population developed for the purpose of testing is called:
a) Hypothesis b) Hypothesis testing c) Level of significance d )Test-statistic
5. Any hypothesis which is tested for the purpose of rejection under the assumption that it is true is called:
a ) Null hypothesis b) Alternative hypothesis c)Statistical hypothesis d)Composite hypothesis
6. Any statement whose validity is tested on the basis of a sample is called:
a) Null hypothesis b) Alternative hypothesis c) Statistical hypothesis d)Simple hypothesis
7. A statement that is accepted if the sample data provide sufficient evidence that the null hypothesis is false is
called:
a)Simple hypothesis b) Composite hypothesis c) Statistical hypothesis d)Alternative hypothesis
8. The alternative hypothesis is also called:
a) Null hypothesis b) Statistical hypothesis c ) Research hypothesis d) Simple hypothesis
9. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true is called:
a) Level of confidence b) Level of significance c) Power of the test d)Difficult to tell
10. The dividing point between the region where the null hypothesis is rejected and the region where it is not
rejected is said to be:
a) Critical region b) Critical value c) Acceptance region d) Significant region
11. If the critical region is located equally in both sides of the sampling distribution of test-statistic, the test is
called:
a) One tailed b) Two tailed c) Right tailed d) Left tailed
12. The choice of one-tailed test and two-tailed test depends upon:
a)Null hypothesis b) Alternative hypothesis c) None of these d) Composite hypotheses
13. Test of hypothesis Ho: µ = 50 against H1: µ > 50 leads to:
a) Left-tailed test b )Right-tailed test c) Two-tailed test d) Difficult to tell
14. Test of hypothesis Ho: µ = 20 against H1: µ < 20 leads to:
a)Right one-sided test b) Left one-sided test c) Two-sided test d) All of the above
15. Testing Ho: µ = 25 against H1: µ ≠ 20 leads to:
a) Two-tailed test b) Left-tailed test c) Right-tailed test d) Neither (a), (b) and (c)
16. A rule or formula that provides a basis for testing a null hypothesis is called:
a)Test-statistic b) Population statistic c) Both of these d) None of the above
17. If Ho is true and we reject it is called:
a) Type-I error b) Type-II error c) Standard error d) Sampling error

2. The probability associated with committing type-I error is: (a)β (b)α (c)1 – β (d)1 – α
18. A failing student is passed by an examiner, it is an example of
(a)Type-I error (b)Type-II error (c)Unbiased decision (d)Difficult to tell
19 . A passing student is failed by an examiner, it is an example of:
(a)Type-I error (b)Type-II error (c)Best decision (d)All of the above
20 . 1 – α is also called:
(a)Confidence coefficient (b)Power of the test (c)Size of the test (d)Level of significance
21 . 1 – α is the probability associated with:
(a)Type-I error (b)Type-II error (c)Level of confidence (d)Level of significance
22 . Area of the rejection region depends on:
(a)Size of α (b)Size of β (c)Test-statistic (d)Number of values
23 . A null hypothesis is rejected if the value of a test statistic lies in the:
(a)Rejection region (b)Acceptance region (c)Both (a) and (b) (d)Neither (a) nor (b)
24. Level of significance is also called:
(a)Power of the test (b)Size of the test (c)Level of confidence (d)Confidence coefficient
25. Level of significance α lies between: (a)-1 and +1 (b)0 and 1 (c)0 and n (d)-∞ to +∞
Critical region is also called:
(a)Acceptance region (b)Rejection region (c)Confidence region (d)Statistical region
26. The significance level is the risk of:
(a)Rejecting Ho when Ho is correct (b)Rejecting Ho when H1 is correct (c)Rejecting H1 when H1 is
correct (d)Accepting Ho when Ho is correct.
27. An example in a two-sided alternative hypothesis is:
(a)H1: µ < 0 (b)H1: µ > 0 (c)H1: µ ≥ 0 (d)H1: µ ≠ 0
28. If the magnitude of calculated value of t is less than the tabulated value of t and H1 is two-sided, we should:
(a)Reject Ho (b)Accept H1 (c)Not reject Ho (d)Difficult to tell
29. Which hypothesis is always in an inequality form?
(a)Null hypothesis (b)Alternative hypothesis (c)Simple hypothesis (d)Composite hypothesis
30. Type I error is equal to:
(a)1 – α (b)1 – β (c)α (d)β
31. Type II error is equal to:
(a)α (b)β (c)1 – α (d)1 – β
32. α / 2 is called:
(a)One tailed significance level (b)Two tailed significance level (c)Left tailed significance level
(d)Right tailed significance level
33. Student’s t-test is applicable only when:
(a)n≤30 and σ is known (b)n>30 and σ is unknown (c)n=30 and σ is known (d)All of the above
34. Suppose that the null hypothesis is true and it is rejected, is known as:
(a) A type-I error, and its probability is β (b) A type-I error, and its probability is α (c) A type-II error,
and its probability is α (d) A type-Il error, and its probability is β
35. When σ is known, the hypothesis about population mean is tested by:
(a)t-test (b)Z-test (c)χ2-test (d)F-test
36. Given µo = 130, = 150, σ = 25 and n = 4; what test statistics is appropriate?
(a)T (b)Z (c)Χ2 (d)F

3. 37. In a positively skewed dataset the various measures suggesting a typical value lie in the following order
(choose one)
a. median -> mode -> mean b. mode -> median -> mean c. mean -> mode -> median d. mean ->
median -> mode e. mode -> mean -> median
38. Which of the following Greek letters represents the mean of a population?
a. β b. α c. μ d. ε e. λ
39. Sigma squared represents?
a. Population variance b. Sample standard deviation c. Population standard deviation d.
Population range e. Sample variance
40. Correlation is often assessed by eye, which type of plot is usually used for this purpose?
a. Histogram b. Bar chart c. Boxplot d. Scatter plot e. Funnel plot
41. The score that occurs most frequently in a distribution is
a) Mean b) Median c) Average d) Mode
42. The value that describes how the scores of a distribution are dispersed or spread about the mean is
a) Standard deviation b) Variance c) Mean deviation d) Quartile deviation
43. The value of correlation is
a) Always positive b) Either positive or negative c) Always negative. d) Both positive and
negative.
44. Measures of dispersion is
a) Mean b) Standard deviation. c) Median. d) Correlation
45. Chi square is used to see
a) The difference between the means. b) The difference between the variables. c) The
association between two variables. d) The correlation between two variables.
46. One of the measures of central tendency is
a) Standard deviation b) Correlation. c) Arithmetic mean. d) Analysis of variance. .
47. Which of the following represents the fiftieth percentile or the middle point in a set of numbers arranged in
order of magnitude?
a) Mode b) Median c) Mean d) Variance
48. A statistical test used to compare more than two group means is known as
a) One way analysis of variance b) Post hoc test c) T-test for correlation co-efficient d) Simple
regression.
49. A Value of the variable which occurs most often is called
a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Range
50. A Test that does not require no rigid assumptions with respect to the population
a) Rank Correlation b) Chi-Square c) ANOVA d) ANOCOVA.
51. When the value of one variable increases the value in other variable increases. It is know as
a) Zero correlation. b) Negative correlation. c) Partial correlation. d) Positive correlation.
52. Measures of dispersion is
a) Mean b) Standard deviation c) Median d) Correlation
53. The cure that is more peaked than the normal cure is
a) Skewness b) Leptokurtic c) Mesokurtic d) Platykurtic
54. It is not a measure of dispersion.
a) Quartile deviation b) Standard deviation c) Chi-square test d) Mean deviation
55. To find the ‘goodness of fit’ the test used is

4. a) Student’s t test. b) F test. c) X2 test d) Critical ratio test
56. A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called…………
a) A constant. b) A variable. c) A cause- and- effect relationship. d) A descriptive
57. Median is the
a) Sixth decile b) Fiftieth percentile c) Mid value between mean and standard deviation d) Third quartile.
58. A positive correlation is present when
a) Several variables never change. b) One variable goes up and one goes down. c) Two variables move
in opposite direction. d) Two variables move in same direction
59. Analysis of variance is a statistical method of comparing the ________ of several populations. a. standard
deviations b. variances c. means d. proportions e. none of the above
60. As variability due to chance decreases, the value of F will
a. increase b. stay the same c. decrease d. can’t tell from the given information
61. In a study, subjects are randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, experimental A, or experimental B.
After treatment, the mean scores for the three groups are compared. The appropriate statistical test for
comparing these means is:
a. the correlation coefficient b. chi square c. the t-test d. the analysis of variance
62. If all frequencies of classes are same, the value of Chisquare is:
(a)Zero (b)One (c)Infinite (d)All of the above
63. The degrees of freedom for χ2 are (r-1)(c-1) for a contingency table with r-rows and c-columns. So for a 2x2
contingency table there are:
(a)One degrees of freedom (b)Two degrees of freedom (c)Three degrees of freedom (d)Four
degrees of freedom
64. For an r x c contingency table the number of degrees of freedom equals:
(a)r c (b)r + c (c)(r-1) + (c - 1) (d)(r-1)(c-1)
65. For a 3 x 3 contingency table, the numbers of cells in the table are:
(a)3 (b)6 (c)9 (d)4
66 .The shape of the chi-square distribution depends upon:
(a)Parameters (b)Degree of freedom (c)Number of cells (d)Standard deviation
67. The value of chi-square statistic is always:
(a)Negative (b)Zero (c)Non-negative (d)One
68. When asked questions concerning personal hygiene, people commonly lie. This is an example of:
a. sampling bias b. confounding c. non-response bias d. response bias
69.Select the order of sampling schemes from best to worst.
a. simple random, stratified, convenience b. simple random, convenience, stratified c. stratified,
simple random, convenience d. stratified, convenience, simple random
70 .The intercept in linear regression represents:
a. the strength of the relationship between x and y b. the expected x value when y is zero c. the
expected y value when x is zero d. a population parameter
71.Select the order of sampling schemes from best to worst.
a. simple random, stratified, convenience b. simple random, convenience, stratified c. stratified,
simple random, convenience d. stratified, convenience, simple random
72. The maximum probability of a Type I error that the decision maker will tolerate is called the
A . level of significance b. critical value c. decision value d. probability value
73. The sample mean X bar is a:
(a) Parameter (b) Statistic (c) Variable (d) Constant