This document discusses curing of concrete, which involves maintaining moisture content and temperature to allow desired properties to develop. Proper curing increases strength, durability, and resistance to damage. It describes the hydration process where water reacts with cement compounds. A minimum of 38% water by weight of cement is needed for full hydration. Self-curing concrete uses chemicals to retain mixing water and prevent drying. Membrane-forming compounds form films on concrete surfaces that reduce evaporation and allow curing without applied water. Different types of compounds and their application procedures are outlined.
This document discusses curing of concrete, which involves maintaining moisture content and temperature to allow desired properties to develop. Proper curing increases strength, durability, and resistance to damage. It describes the hydration process where water reacts with cement compounds. A minimum of 38% water by weight of cement is needed for full hydration. Self-curing concrete uses chemicals to retain mixing water and prevent drying. Membrane-forming compounds form films on concrete surfaces that reduce evaporation and allow curing without applied water. Different types of compounds and their application procedures are outlined.
This document discusses materials used for repairing and rehabilitating reinforced concrete structures. It covers various repair strategies like load reduction, crack repair, and strengthening of structural elements. It also discusses different types of materials used for surface preparation, corrosion protection, bonding, structural repairs, and other purposes. Key materials mentioned include cement mortars, polymer-modified cement products, epoxies, acrylics, and chemicals. The document provides guidelines on selecting appropriate materials based on properties like shrinkage, bond strength, thermal expansion, and durability. It also outlines various applications of polymer mortars and epoxies in structural repair and rehabilitation work.
this slide about new Technics design sefl compecting concrete. it dose not required for compaction. its best to apply where compaction is not possible or critical.
309 r 96 - guide for consolidation of concreteMOHAMMED SABBAR
This document provides guidance on consolidating concrete through various methods including vibration. It discusses how mixture properties like workability and consistency affect consolidation. Several methods of consolidation are covered, including manual, mechanical, and combinations. Specific chapters address consolidation for structural concrete, mass concrete, floors, pavements, precast products, and other applications. Recommendations for equipment, characteristics, and procedures are given based on the class of construction.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document is a report submitted for a bachelor's degree in civil engineering. It discusses self-compacting concrete (SCC), including acknowledging help from supervisors and faculty. The document contains chapters that will cover SCC literature, materials used, mix design, experimental procedures, results, further work, disadvantages, photographs, and conclusions. Tables and figures are listed that will be included to illustrate test methods and results from studying SCC.
Fibre reinforced concrete has fibres added to increase its tensile strength and crack resistance. It has higher ductility, toughness, and post-cracking capacity compared to normal concrete. Various fibre types can be used including steel, glass, carbon and natural fibres. The fibres control cracking, increase strength and durability. Proper fibre volume, aspect ratio and distribution are needed to achieve optimal mechanical properties in the fibre reinforced concrete. Its applications include pavements, structural elements and precast construction.
Bleeding in concrete refers to the physical migration of water to the top surface due to its lower density. While bleeding replaces water lost to evaporation and prevents cracking, it can also increase finishing time and reduce strength if not properly controlled. The document discusses the causes of bleeding including high water content and improper mixing. It also presents methods to reduce bleeding such as using pozzolans or air-entrainment and ensuring proper proportioning, mixing and compaction. Bleeding is tested using ASTM C 232, which involves measuring water released both with and without vibration.
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
The document discusses Portland cement concrete (PCC) and its composition. PCC is a heterogeneous material made of aggregates, cement paste, and air voids. It exists in three states - plastic, curing, and hardened. The cement paste is a complex matrix that undergoes hydration and hardening over time. Proper mix design and curing are essential to developing the desired properties and ensuring durability of the final concrete material. Factors like water-cement ratio, aggregate selection and gradation, and void structure influence strength, permeability, shrinkage, and other characteristics.
The document discusses factors that affect the strength of concrete, including water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size, and degree of compaction. It states that concrete strength is inversely proportional to water-cement ratio according to Abrams' law. A lower water-cement ratio and higher degree of compaction produce stronger concrete by reducing porosity. A leaner aggregate-cement ratio also increases strength by absorbing water and reducing shrinkage. Larger aggregate size can reduce water needs but may decrease strength by lowering surface area for bond development.
Repairs and rehabilitation of concrete structures for failure and defectsAditya Sanyal
The document discusses techniques for repairing and rehabilitating concrete structures that have experienced failures or defects. It describes various causes of failures in concrete, including structural deficiencies, use of substandard materials, damage from events like fires or earthquakes, and corrosion of reinforcement. The techniques discussed include injection of cracks, surface treatments, and removal and replacement of defective areas. Specific repair materials covered include cement, epoxy resins, polymer concrete composites, sealants, and steel fiber reinforced concrete. Timely repairs can prevent further deterioration and reduce long-term maintenance costs.
The document summarizes different types of specialized concretes discussed in a civil engineering seminar. It describes translucent concrete made with optical fibers, green concrete using recycled materials, geo-polymer concrete made from industrial wastes, bacterial self-healing concrete, bendable engineered cementitious composite, pervious concrete without fine aggregates, vacuum concrete where excess water is removed, and cellular lightweight concrete made with a foam agent. Each type is defined and its composition, properties, advantages, and applications are outlined.
Ordinary Portland cement is the most widely used type of cement globally, with over 1.5 billion tons produced annually. It is manufactured through a wet or dry process involving crushing and mixing limestone and clay, heating the mixture in a rotary kiln to form clinker, grinding the clinker with gypsum. When mixed with water, it undergoes hydration reactions where compounds in the cement chemically react and harden over time, giving cement its strength. Ordinary Portland cement is used in general construction like buildings and bridges due to its strength and resistance to cracking, though it has less chemical resistance than other cements.
Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. This document discusses FRC, including its history, types of fibers used, applications, and mechanical properties. It also provides a case study comparing the effects of straight and hooked steel fibers on properties like workability, strength, and toughness. The study found that hooked fibers had better dispersion and increased flexural strength, toughness, and energy absorption compared to straight fibers. In conclusion, the document provides a detailed overview of FRC and how fiber type and content can influence its mechanical behavior.
Testing concrete samples is the primary method to verify that concrete meets specifications. Strength is tested by crushing samples like cubes or cylinders. Precision of testing refers to the consistency of results between replicate tests. There are various failure modes in compression testing depending on the sample shape, with cubes more affected by lateral restraint at the platens which can increase the apparent strength. Cylinders have a ratio of height to width that reduces this effect.
2004 Yılında kurulan NÖTRAL KİMYA ARITMA tekstil yardımcı kimyasalları, su şartlandırma, su arıtma, havuz kimyasalları, endüstriyel bakım kimyasalları, atıksu arıtma, kimyasal temizlikler konularında birçok sektöre ürün ve teknik servis hizmeti vermektedir.
This document discusses materials used for repairing and rehabilitating reinforced concrete structures. It covers various repair strategies like load reduction, crack repair, and strengthening of structural elements. It also discusses different types of materials used for surface preparation, corrosion protection, bonding, structural repairs, and other purposes. Key materials mentioned include cement mortars, polymer-modified cement products, epoxies, acrylics, and chemicals. The document provides guidelines on selecting appropriate materials based on properties like shrinkage, bond strength, thermal expansion, and durability. It also outlines various applications of polymer mortars and epoxies in structural repair and rehabilitation work.
this slide about new Technics design sefl compecting concrete. it dose not required for compaction. its best to apply where compaction is not possible or critical.
309 r 96 - guide for consolidation of concreteMOHAMMED SABBAR
This document provides guidance on consolidating concrete through various methods including vibration. It discusses how mixture properties like workability and consistency affect consolidation. Several methods of consolidation are covered, including manual, mechanical, and combinations. Specific chapters address consolidation for structural concrete, mass concrete, floors, pavements, precast products, and other applications. Recommendations for equipment, characteristics, and procedures are given based on the class of construction.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document is a report submitted for a bachelor's degree in civil engineering. It discusses self-compacting concrete (SCC), including acknowledging help from supervisors and faculty. The document contains chapters that will cover SCC literature, materials used, mix design, experimental procedures, results, further work, disadvantages, photographs, and conclusions. Tables and figures are listed that will be included to illustrate test methods and results from studying SCC.
Fibre reinforced concrete has fibres added to increase its tensile strength and crack resistance. It has higher ductility, toughness, and post-cracking capacity compared to normal concrete. Various fibre types can be used including steel, glass, carbon and natural fibres. The fibres control cracking, increase strength and durability. Proper fibre volume, aspect ratio and distribution are needed to achieve optimal mechanical properties in the fibre reinforced concrete. Its applications include pavements, structural elements and precast construction.
Bleeding in concrete refers to the physical migration of water to the top surface due to its lower density. While bleeding replaces water lost to evaporation and prevents cracking, it can also increase finishing time and reduce strength if not properly controlled. The document discusses the causes of bleeding including high water content and improper mixing. It also presents methods to reduce bleeding such as using pozzolans or air-entrainment and ensuring proper proportioning, mixing and compaction. Bleeding is tested using ASTM C 232, which involves measuring water released both with and without vibration.
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
The document discusses Portland cement concrete (PCC) and its composition. PCC is a heterogeneous material made of aggregates, cement paste, and air voids. It exists in three states - plastic, curing, and hardened. The cement paste is a complex matrix that undergoes hydration and hardening over time. Proper mix design and curing are essential to developing the desired properties and ensuring durability of the final concrete material. Factors like water-cement ratio, aggregate selection and gradation, and void structure influence strength, permeability, shrinkage, and other characteristics.
The document discusses factors that affect the strength of concrete, including water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size, and degree of compaction. It states that concrete strength is inversely proportional to water-cement ratio according to Abrams' law. A lower water-cement ratio and higher degree of compaction produce stronger concrete by reducing porosity. A leaner aggregate-cement ratio also increases strength by absorbing water and reducing shrinkage. Larger aggregate size can reduce water needs but may decrease strength by lowering surface area for bond development.
Repairs and rehabilitation of concrete structures for failure and defectsAditya Sanyal
The document discusses techniques for repairing and rehabilitating concrete structures that have experienced failures or defects. It describes various causes of failures in concrete, including structural deficiencies, use of substandard materials, damage from events like fires or earthquakes, and corrosion of reinforcement. The techniques discussed include injection of cracks, surface treatments, and removal and replacement of defective areas. Specific repair materials covered include cement, epoxy resins, polymer concrete composites, sealants, and steel fiber reinforced concrete. Timely repairs can prevent further deterioration and reduce long-term maintenance costs.
The document summarizes different types of specialized concretes discussed in a civil engineering seminar. It describes translucent concrete made with optical fibers, green concrete using recycled materials, geo-polymer concrete made from industrial wastes, bacterial self-healing concrete, bendable engineered cementitious composite, pervious concrete without fine aggregates, vacuum concrete where excess water is removed, and cellular lightweight concrete made with a foam agent. Each type is defined and its composition, properties, advantages, and applications are outlined.
Ordinary Portland cement is the most widely used type of cement globally, with over 1.5 billion tons produced annually. It is manufactured through a wet or dry process involving crushing and mixing limestone and clay, heating the mixture in a rotary kiln to form clinker, grinding the clinker with gypsum. When mixed with water, it undergoes hydration reactions where compounds in the cement chemically react and harden over time, giving cement its strength. Ordinary Portland cement is used in general construction like buildings and bridges due to its strength and resistance to cracking, though it has less chemical resistance than other cements.
Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. This document discusses FRC, including its history, types of fibers used, applications, and mechanical properties. It also provides a case study comparing the effects of straight and hooked steel fibers on properties like workability, strength, and toughness. The study found that hooked fibers had better dispersion and increased flexural strength, toughness, and energy absorption compared to straight fibers. In conclusion, the document provides a detailed overview of FRC and how fiber type and content can influence its mechanical behavior.
Testing concrete samples is the primary method to verify that concrete meets specifications. Strength is tested by crushing samples like cubes or cylinders. Precision of testing refers to the consistency of results between replicate tests. There are various failure modes in compression testing depending on the sample shape, with cubes more affected by lateral restraint at the platens which can increase the apparent strength. Cylinders have a ratio of height to width that reduces this effect.
2004 Yılında kurulan NÖTRAL KİMYA ARITMA tekstil yardımcı kimyasalları, su şartlandırma, su arıtma, havuz kimyasalları, endüstriyel bakım kimyasalları, atıksu arıtma, kimyasal temizlikler konularında birçok sektöre ürün ve teknik servis hizmeti vermektedir.
High performance concrete (HPC) is a concrete mixture that possesses high durability and strength compared to conventional concrete. HPC contains cementious materials like fly ash or silica fume and superplasticizers that enhance its strength, durability, and workability. HPC can be used where high strength, workability, durability, or improved appearance is needed. It provides benefits like reduced material needs, fewer structural elements, lower maintenance costs, and an extended lifespan, especially in severe environments. However, HPC requires more careful production and quality control than conventional concrete, which can increase costs.
Betonarme Binalarda Perdelerin Davranışa EtkileriYusuf Yıldız
Bu çalışmada yapıya gelen yatay yüklerin karşılanmasında önemli bir rolü olan betonarme perdeler araştırılmıştır. Depreme dayanıklı yapılar tasarlamak için gerekli olan
rijitlik, dayanım ve süneklik kriterleri incelenmiştir. Perdelerin planda doğru yerleştirilmesinin önemi vurgulanmış ve perdelerin planda farklı yerleştirilmesiyle oluşan davranış değişikliklerini incelemek amacıyla 8 farklı kalıp planı üzerindeki sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır.
Çok Katlı Yapılarda Düşey DüzensizliklerYusuf Yıldız
Deprem yönetmeliklerinde çok katlı yapılardaki kiriş süreksizlikleri konusunda belirgin bir hüküm yoktur. Bu çalışmada kiriş ve perde süreksizlikleri ayrı ayrı ele alınıp irdelenmiş ve bazı öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Önce, kiriş süreksizlikleri ile ilgili kısıtlı sayıdaki çalışmalar gözden geçirilmiş, daha sonra bir ölçüt geliştirilmiştir. Ölçüt çeşitli pratik örneklere uygulanarak sonuçlar irdelenmiştir. Sonuç
olarak, bu konudaki araştırmaların genişletilmesinin ve deprem yönetmeliğine bir madde eklenmesinin gerekli olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Ayrı bir bölümde alt katlarda kolonlara oturan perdelerin davranışları incelenmiş ve bu konudaki yönetmelik hükümlerinin yeterli kısıtlamalar içerdiği gösterilmiştir.
Examples of structures of super high-strength concrete in engineeringYasin Engin
This document summarizes properties of structures that used super-high-strength concrete, including notable buildings and bridges. It provides details on the location, year completed, dimensions, concrete strength, water-to-binder ratio, and cement/additive contents. Examples include the Petronas Towers in Malaysia with concrete strength of 85 MPa, the Laurentienne Building in Canada with strength of 120 MPa, and the Millau Viaduct in France with concrete reaching 199 MPa. The document concludes by noting that Samsung C&T is working to commercialize 200 MPa concrete to enable even taller structures.
Depreme dayanıklı binalar ve jet grouting sistemine değinilmiştir. .Telif hakkı nedeniyle yararlandığım kaynaklar slaytın sonunda gösterilmiştir. İyi çalışmalar.
İnşaat İmalatlarında Adam/Saat Değerleri - 2013Yusuf Yıldız
Dr. Yük. Müh. Murat Kuruoğlu, inş. Müh. Fahri Bayoğlu tarafından sunulan 16. Teknik Kongre bildiriler kitabı bildiri no:65’ten alınmıştır. Başvuru için, İTÜ inşaat Fakültesi Yapı İşletmesi Anabilim Dalı Maslak 80626 İstanbul
2. Neler Öğreneceğiz?
2
Kimyasal Katkı Maddeleri ve Çeşitleri3
Kimyasal Katkıların İşlevleri ve Faydaları4
Kimyasal Katkıların Uygulama Alanları5
1 Beton Hakkında Genel Bilgiler
Katkı Maddelerinin Sınıflandırılması
6 Örnek Uygulama
3. BETON NELERDEN OLUŞUR?
Çimento + Su + Agrega + Katkı + Hava = Beton
Çimento
Su
Kaba Agrega
İnce Agrega
Mineral Katkı
Kimyasal Katkı
4. Beton ; çimento, agrega, su, kimyasal veya mineral
katkı maddelerinin homojen olarak karıştırılmasından
oluşan, ilk başta plastik, zamanla katılaşıp
sertleşerek mukavemetini kazanan kompozit bir yapı
malzemesidir.
Beton birbirine bağlanmış agregaların oluşturduğu
yapay bir taştır.
-4-
5. MALZEMELERİN KALİTESİ
Beton üretiminde kullanılan malzemelerin özellikleri
geçerli standartlarla uyumlu olmalıdır :
Çimento
Agrega
Su
Hava İçeriği
Beton
6. ÇimentoCaO
% (60 - 65)
Çimento, betonda kullanılan diğer malzemeleri
bağlayan ve sertleştiren bağlayıcı bir maddedir.
SiO2
% (17 – 25)
Al2O3
% (3 - 8) % (0.5 – 0.6)
Fe2O3
SO3
% (1- 2)
MgO
% (0,5 - 4)
% (0,5 – 1,3)
Na2O + K2O
-6-
7. Beton Katkı Maddesi Nedir?
Betonu oluşturan temel malzemeler olan su, agrega
ve çimento dışında düşük miktarda katılan organik
veya inorganik maddelerdir.
Bu katkı maddeleri; kimyasal ve mineral katkılar
şeklinde iki başlık altında incelenebilir.
-7-
9. KATKILAR
Katkılar betonun belli özelliklerini değiştirmek için kullanılan
kimyasal içerikli maddelerdir.
Katkıların haricinde betonu oluşturan diğer malzemeler
şunlardır:
Çimento
Su
Agrega
Kimyasal Katkılar
Bu katkılar, beton karışımına önce veya karışım sırasında
eklenirler.
-9-
10. KATKILAR
Kimyasal
Katkılar
• Priz Hızlandırıcı Katkılar
• Priz Geciktirici Katkılar
• Hava Sürükleyici Katkılar
• Su Azaltıcı Katkılar/Akışkanlaştırıcılar
• Harç Katkıları
• Hava Sıkıştırıcı Katkılar
• Gaz Oluşturucu Katkılar
• Korozyon Önleyici Katkılar
• Geçirgenlik Azaltıcı Katkılar
• Yapıştırıcı Katkılar
• Büzülme Önleyici Katkılar
• Renklendirici Katkılar
• Bakteri ve Böcek Öldürücü Katkılar
-10-
11. Beton Katkısı Neden Kullanılır ?
Çimento özelliklerini belirli bir ölçüde iyileştirme amacı
ile kullanılır.
Beton Katkısı Ne Zaman Kullanılır ?
Katkı maddesinin türüne göre, beton üretilirken veya
üretildikten sonra kullanılarak taze veya sertleşmiş
betonun özellikleri iyileştirilir.
-11-
12. Kimyasal Beton Katkısının Özellikleri
Taze ve/veya sertleşmiş beton özelliklerini değiştirmek
için, karıştırma işlemi sırasında betona, çimento
dozajının %5’ini geçmemek üzere eklenen kimyasal
maddelerdir.
Genellikle su içinde çözünebilen kimyasal maddelerdir.
Çimento ağırlığına oranla düşük miktarlarda
kullanılırlar. ( Örneğin % 1-3 )
-12-
13. Kimyasal Beton Katkısının Özellikleri
Katkılar karışıma çimento dozajına göre ilave edilir.
Katkı bir ilaç değildir. Katkı kötü olarak dökülen veya
yapılan bir betonu iyileştirmek için kullanılmaz. Bilinçsiz
kullanılmaları çok olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabilir.
Deneme karışımı ile optimum dozaj belirlenmelidir.
Aşırı dozda kullanıldıklarında yan etkileri söz
konusudur. (Priz geciktirme veya hızlandırma, dayanım
kaybı vb.)
-13-
14. Betonun mukavemet kazanma hızını artırmak.
Su içeriğini artırmadan uzun süre işlenebilirliğini sağlama
Metre küp başına betonun ağırlığını azaltmak için.
Su içeriğini düşürerek betonun mukavemetini artırmak.
Korozyonu önlemek.
Kimyasal Katkının Yararları-İşlevleri
-14-
15. Kimyasal saldırılara karşı direnci artırmak.
Betonun maliyetini düşürmek.
Hidratasyon ısısı artışını yavaşlatmak için.
Kimyasal Katkının Yararları-İşlevleri
Ayrışmayı azaltmak için.
Beton, karıştırıldıktan döküm ve yerleştirme anına
kadar istenen özellikleri sağlaması ( erken priz,
geç priz, kıvam koruma, işlenebilirlilik, kolay
yerleşebilme özelliği ).
-15-
16. Su Azaltıcı / Akışkanlaştırıcı Katkılar
Kıvamı değiştirmeden su miktarının azalmasını
sağlayan veya su miktarı değişmeden çökmeyi /
yayılmayı artıran veya her iki etkiyi birlikte oluşturan
katkılardır.
Çimento partikülleri birbiriyle birleşmek suretiyle küçük
topaklar oluşturmaya meyillidirler.
Akışkanlaştırıcılar su ile birleşerek beton içerisindeki
suyun yüzey gerilimlerini ve çekim gücünü azaltırlar.
-16-
17. Su Azaltıcı / Akışkanlaştırıcı Katkılar
Akışkanlaştırıcılar negatif elektriksel yüke sahip olup su
yüzeyinde hareket etme eğilimindedirler.
Bu etkileri dolayısı ile topaklaşmayı önlemeleri ve aynı
zamanda tanelerin birbiri üzerinden kaymalarını
kolaylaştırmak ve yağlayıcı etki göstermeleri betonun iç
sürtünmesini azaltmakta ve işlenebilirliğini artırmaktadır.
-17-
18. Yüzey aktif moleküllerdir. (Surfaktan)
Suyun yüzey gerilimini düşürerek ıslatma gücünü
artırırlar.
Çimento taneciklerini hidrofil (su seven) yaparlar.
Çimento taneciklerinin topaklaşmasını önleyerek
homojen bir dağılım sağlarlar.
-18-
23. Hem TS EN 934-2 hem de ASTM C494
standardında, su azaltıcı (akışkanlaştırıcı) katkıların
aynı kıvam değerine sahip kontrol karışımında
kullanılandan en az % 5 oranında su azaltması
gerekir.
Yüksek oranda su azaltıcı (süper akışkan) katkıların
ise %12’nin üzerinde su azaltması gereklidir.
Su azaltıcı / akışkanlaştırıcı katkılar için, aynı
kıvamdaki karışımlardan alınan örneklerin 7 ve 28
günlük dayanımları da, kontrol örneklerinden en az
%10 daha yüksek olmalıdır.
-23-
24. Yüksek oranda su azaltılan karışımdan alınan
örneklerin 7 günlük basınç dayanımı kontrol
betonundan % 40, 28 günlük basınç dayanımı da
%15 daha yüksek olmalıdır.
Ayrıca akışkanlaştırıcı ve süper akışkanlaştırıcı
katkıların taze beton hava içeriğini çok fazla
arttırmaması gerekir.
-24-
25. Yüksek Oranda Su Azaltıcı / Süper
Akışkanlaştırıcı Katkılar
Kıvamı değiştirmeden su miktarının yüksek oranda
azalmasını sağlayan veya su miktarı değişmeden
çökmeyi/yayılmayı yüksek oranda artıran veya her iki
etkiyi birlikte yaratan katkılardır.
-25-
27. SU AZALTICI KİMYASAL KATKILAR
NORMAL AKIŞKANLAŞTIRICILAR (%5 SU KESME < %12)
HİPER AKIŞKANLAŞTIRICILAR (SU KESME > %30)
SÜPER AKIŞKANLAŞTIRICILAR (%12 SU KESME 30)
LİGNOSÜLFONAT TÜREVLERİ ve
HİDROKSİL KARBOKSİLİK ASİT
NAFTALİN ve MELAMİN SÜLFONA FORMALDEHİT
MODİFİYE LİGNOSÜLFONAT
POLİKARBOKSİLİK ASİT
Dozaj: < %1 Çimento ağırlığınca
Dozaj: % 1-3 Çimento ağırlığınca
Dozaj: % 1-3 Çimento ağırlığınca -27-
28. Bu iki tip katkıda da çalışma fonksiyonu,
katkının çimento tanelerinin etrafını sarması ve
taneleri negatif elektrik yükü ile yükleyerek
çimento tanelerinin birbirini itmesini sağlar ve
topaklaşmasını önlerler.