Cementing software models various aspects of cementing jobs like hydraulics, displacement efficiency, temperature prediction, foamed cement modeling, and hook load prediction. It allows engineers to evaluate different design parameters, identify potential problems, and ensure successful zonal isolation before pumping begins. Key benefits include reduced risk, safer operations, and serving as an excellent planning and training tool.
IRJET- Seepage Analysis using Drainage Seepage TankIRJET Journal
This document describes an experiment analyzing seepage using a drainage seepage tank. Key points:
- The tank allows adjusting soil height and width to analyze seepage pressure under different conditions. Dye is injected to observe flow patterns.
- Three readings were taken with different slope angles and water heights. Calculations using Darcy's law determined the soil permeability for each.
- Seepage analysis is important for understanding erosion risks, dam and retaining wall failures, and liquefaction hazards. The experiment helps prevent dangerous seepage impacts and structural failures.
Application of Foamy Mineral Oil Flow under Solution Gas Drive toa Field Crud...theijes
Heavy oil Flow in the form of foamy oil under solution gas drive is widely observed in many Canadian reservoirs. Despite the importance of such phenomenon, complexity involved in foamy oil flow in porous media is not well understood. Series of numerical simulations were performed to model experiments that were carried out in a two meter long Sand pack to investigate the conditions required to increase oil production under solution gas drive mechanism. Through these experiments the solution gas drive performance at different depletion rates were analyzed. Creation of foamy heavy oil is thought to be responsible for higher recovery factors compared to what is expected from the conventional solution gas drive theory. However, the complex nature of foamy oil and different transport parameters are yet to be understood.The results of this study can be used to numerically model foamy-oil mechanism in heavy oil reservoirs. Furthermore, the results can be applied for reservoir production optimization as well as management. A new model has been developed using commercial numerical simulator, computer modeling group, (CMG-STARSTM). By using the experimental data, different experimental production histories have been matched. Effect of different parameters such as fluid and reservoir properties and depletion rate on foamy oil recovery have been evaluated. The results reveal that despite many difficulties, foamy oil flow through porous media can be numerically modeled. However these models will strongly depend on a good understanding of many different parameters including rock-fluid interaction, as well as the depletion rates. Given the complex nature of such systems, this numerical model can be used to simulate and predict the oil and gas production from heavy oil reservoirs under foamy oil conditions
This document provides a design proposal for cementing operations on the VINITA 1B - 23 well. It includes designs for cementing the 10 3/4" surface casing at 4,950 feet and the 7" production liner at 9,214 feet. For each operation, it outlines job objectives, well data, risk analysis, recommended procedures, pumping schedules, and simulation results from cementing software. The simulations model fluid properties, pressure profiles, temperature effects, centralizer placement, cement coverage, and pumping requirements. The goal is to achieve zonal isolation and provide competent barriers for further well construction.
Fluid Structure Interaction Based Investigation of Convergent-Divergent NozzleIJERA Editor
This document discusses fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis of a convergent-divergent nozzle. It begins by introducing FSI and describing methods for analyzing FSI problems numerically. It then discusses the aerodynamic design of a convergent-divergent nozzle and using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate flow at different nozzle pressure ratios (NPR) and obtain structural loads. These loads are then used in structural analysis to determine the optimal nozzle thickness. CFD simulations were run for NPR values from 0.257 to 1.89, with the 1.51 NPR value producing maximum stress. Structural analysis with a factor of safety of 3 determined that a 12.5mm thickness nozzle is
Evaluation of Air Flow Characteristics of Aerostatic Thrust Porous Bearings: A Numerical Approach by Marcelo Gustavo Coelho Resende, Leandro José da Silva, Cláudio de Castro Pellegrini and Túlio Hallak Panzera* in Evolutions in Mechanical Engineering: Crimson Publishers_ Structural engineering
Aerostatic porous bearings have been investigated in the last decades for precision engineering designs, since these bearings offer zero-friction and high operating speeds, as well as providing a very precise positioning system without external influence. Numerical methods such as CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) play an important role in the design and behavior analysis of porous aerostatic bearings, being possible to adjust the geometry and characteristics of the porous restrictor even before its manufacture In the present work, the behavior of the gas at the inlet and outlet of a porous thrust bearing made of cementitious composites is analysed by numerical simulation using CFD method. The results reveal a stable behavior of the cementitious porous bearing and a good correlation between numerical and experimental load capacities.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/eme/fulltext/EME.000520.php
For More open access journals in Crimson Publishers
please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on Structural engineering
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/eme
The document provides information on production optimization through system analysis using nodal analysis. It discusses key components of the production system including reservoir fluid properties, inflow performance, tubing performance, and how to analyze the combined system. The objectives are to understand inflow, vertical lift, and combined performance. Nodal analysis is introduced as a technique to simulate fluid flow by breaking the system into nodes and ensuring pressure continuity. An example application optimizes a well's production rate by analyzing effects of tubing size, wellhead pressure, water cut, and skin on the combined inflow and outflow curves. The optimized design achieves a production rate of 114 MMscf/d with a 6.18" tubing and 2,000 psi
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a CFD analysis of a tee-configured mixing pipe. The analysis varied the velocity of inlet 1 while keeping inlet 2 velocity fixed. It found that increasing inlet 1 velocity by 50% to 3.75 m/s produced the most homogeneous temperature distribution at the outlet. Visualizations of the temperature and velocity fields helped explain the mixing mechanisms and showed improved penetration of the cold stream into the hot stream with the higher inlet 1 velocity, enhancing mixing. The analysis also identified locations of maximum thermal stress within the pipe.
IRJET- Seepage Analysis using Drainage Seepage TankIRJET Journal
This document describes an experiment analyzing seepage using a drainage seepage tank. Key points:
- The tank allows adjusting soil height and width to analyze seepage pressure under different conditions. Dye is injected to observe flow patterns.
- Three readings were taken with different slope angles and water heights. Calculations using Darcy's law determined the soil permeability for each.
- Seepage analysis is important for understanding erosion risks, dam and retaining wall failures, and liquefaction hazards. The experiment helps prevent dangerous seepage impacts and structural failures.
Application of Foamy Mineral Oil Flow under Solution Gas Drive toa Field Crud...theijes
Heavy oil Flow in the form of foamy oil under solution gas drive is widely observed in many Canadian reservoirs. Despite the importance of such phenomenon, complexity involved in foamy oil flow in porous media is not well understood. Series of numerical simulations were performed to model experiments that were carried out in a two meter long Sand pack to investigate the conditions required to increase oil production under solution gas drive mechanism. Through these experiments the solution gas drive performance at different depletion rates were analyzed. Creation of foamy heavy oil is thought to be responsible for higher recovery factors compared to what is expected from the conventional solution gas drive theory. However, the complex nature of foamy oil and different transport parameters are yet to be understood.The results of this study can be used to numerically model foamy-oil mechanism in heavy oil reservoirs. Furthermore, the results can be applied for reservoir production optimization as well as management. A new model has been developed using commercial numerical simulator, computer modeling group, (CMG-STARSTM). By using the experimental data, different experimental production histories have been matched. Effect of different parameters such as fluid and reservoir properties and depletion rate on foamy oil recovery have been evaluated. The results reveal that despite many difficulties, foamy oil flow through porous media can be numerically modeled. However these models will strongly depend on a good understanding of many different parameters including rock-fluid interaction, as well as the depletion rates. Given the complex nature of such systems, this numerical model can be used to simulate and predict the oil and gas production from heavy oil reservoirs under foamy oil conditions
This document provides a design proposal for cementing operations on the VINITA 1B - 23 well. It includes designs for cementing the 10 3/4" surface casing at 4,950 feet and the 7" production liner at 9,214 feet. For each operation, it outlines job objectives, well data, risk analysis, recommended procedures, pumping schedules, and simulation results from cementing software. The simulations model fluid properties, pressure profiles, temperature effects, centralizer placement, cement coverage, and pumping requirements. The goal is to achieve zonal isolation and provide competent barriers for further well construction.
Fluid Structure Interaction Based Investigation of Convergent-Divergent NozzleIJERA Editor
This document discusses fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis of a convergent-divergent nozzle. It begins by introducing FSI and describing methods for analyzing FSI problems numerically. It then discusses the aerodynamic design of a convergent-divergent nozzle and using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate flow at different nozzle pressure ratios (NPR) and obtain structural loads. These loads are then used in structural analysis to determine the optimal nozzle thickness. CFD simulations were run for NPR values from 0.257 to 1.89, with the 1.51 NPR value producing maximum stress. Structural analysis with a factor of safety of 3 determined that a 12.5mm thickness nozzle is
Evaluation of Air Flow Characteristics of Aerostatic Thrust Porous Bearings: A Numerical Approach by Marcelo Gustavo Coelho Resende, Leandro José da Silva, Cláudio de Castro Pellegrini and Túlio Hallak Panzera* in Evolutions in Mechanical Engineering: Crimson Publishers_ Structural engineering
Aerostatic porous bearings have been investigated in the last decades for precision engineering designs, since these bearings offer zero-friction and high operating speeds, as well as providing a very precise positioning system without external influence. Numerical methods such as CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) play an important role in the design and behavior analysis of porous aerostatic bearings, being possible to adjust the geometry and characteristics of the porous restrictor even before its manufacture In the present work, the behavior of the gas at the inlet and outlet of a porous thrust bearing made of cementitious composites is analysed by numerical simulation using CFD method. The results reveal a stable behavior of the cementitious porous bearing and a good correlation between numerical and experimental load capacities.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/eme/fulltext/EME.000520.php
For More open access journals in Crimson Publishers
please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on Structural engineering
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/eme
The document provides information on production optimization through system analysis using nodal analysis. It discusses key components of the production system including reservoir fluid properties, inflow performance, tubing performance, and how to analyze the combined system. The objectives are to understand inflow, vertical lift, and combined performance. Nodal analysis is introduced as a technique to simulate fluid flow by breaking the system into nodes and ensuring pressure continuity. An example application optimizes a well's production rate by analyzing effects of tubing size, wellhead pressure, water cut, and skin on the combined inflow and outflow curves. The optimized design achieves a production rate of 114 MMscf/d with a 6.18" tubing and 2,000 psi
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a CFD analysis of a tee-configured mixing pipe. The analysis varied the velocity of inlet 1 while keeping inlet 2 velocity fixed. It found that increasing inlet 1 velocity by 50% to 3.75 m/s produced the most homogeneous temperature distribution at the outlet. Visualizations of the temperature and velocity fields helped explain the mixing mechanisms and showed improved penetration of the cold stream into the hot stream with the higher inlet 1 velocity, enhancing mixing. The analysis also identified locations of maximum thermal stress within the pipe.
Design and Simulation of Foamed Cement Jobspvisoftware
The nature of foamed cement makes predicting the behavior of compressible fluid very difficult. The use of computer software for pre-job design and analysis has proven to be an effective way for improving the quality and success rate of primary cementing, especially when designing and executing foamed cement jobs.
Surge Pressure Prediction for Running Linerspvisoftware
This white paper will review the engineering analysis behind trip operations for different pipe end conditions. The author will discuss the controlling parameters affecting surge pressure using SurgeMOD. There are 2 aspects of the surge and swab pressure analysis: one is to predict surge and swab pressure for a given running speed (analysis mode), while the other one is to calculate optimal trip speeds at different string depths without breaking down formations or causing a kick at weak zone (design mode). This article will address both issues. Examples of running liners in tight tolerance wellbore will be analyzed.
IRJET- Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Performance of Centrifugal Pum...IRJET Journal
This document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the performance of a centrifugal pump impeller on a cooling system. The study analyzes the design and performance of a centrifugal pump by changing the impeller blade angle using CFD software. The objectives are to perform CFD analysis of the impeller, study the effect of changing the impeller blade angle, develop an impeller design approach, optimize the design, and validate it through experiment and simulation. Various impeller blade angle combinations are simulated and the resulting pressures are recorded and analyzed. The results show how discharge is highly affected by flow velocity and how pressure varies for different impeller blade angles.
Air flow and charge motion study of engine intake portTunAnh309
1) A study was conducted using CFD to simulate experimental flow bench tests of an engine intake port design. CFD simulations were run at different valve lifts to calculate air flow rate and emulate the flow bench.
2) Flow coefficient and swirl ratio results from CFD showed good agreement with experimental flow bench measurements, though CFD overpredicted swirl ratio, especially at lower lifts.
3) CFD provides additional insight into flow patterns and velocities not obtainable from flow bench testing alone, allowing designers to more efficiently evaluate intake port designs.
Study of Time Reduction in Manufacturing of Screws Used in Twin Screw PumpIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper gives the characteristics of Time reduction in manufacturing of screws for Twin screw pumps. Screws are playing a vital role in the performance of pumps, because pumps give the fluids transfer rate with the help of screws. There is a gap in screws which shows its positiveness. This indicates that we are studying about positive displacements pumps. Positive displacements pumps having no point of contact between screws, because of that there will be no any friction formation. Automation is best for development of product to reduce time in manufacturing of any product. In this paper we also tried to explain this feature of Automation to help reduction of time to manufacture of product to increase productivity.
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE ON ORIFICE PLATE AND FLOW...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and evaluates the coefficient of discharge of orifice plates and flow nozzles through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Orifice plates and flow nozzles are differential pressure devices used to measure fluid flow rates. The study models orifice plates and flow nozzles in CATIA and analyzes them in ANSYS to predict flow characteristics like velocity and pressure. The CFD results are used to calculate the coefficient of discharge for different orifice and nozzle diameters. The coefficient of discharge increases with increasing diameter and flow nozzles have a higher coefficient than orifice plates. The theoretical coefficient of discharge values also closely match the analytical values obtained from the CFD simulations.
Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Additively Ma...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of additively manufactured weirs. Four different weir designs - empty and ramped catenary, labyrinth, and piano key - were 3D printed and tested in a 2.5 meter open channel flow experiment. Flow rates, water levels, velocities, and discharge coefficients were measured and compared for each weir design. CFD modeling was also used to simulate the flow and validate the experimental results. The ramped catenary weir design generally performed best across testing parameters for both maximum and minimum flow rates. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using additive manufacturing to create complex weir geometries for experimental fluid mechanics research.
IRJET-Thermal Modeling and Analysis of High Pressure Steam Turbine Outlet NozzleIRJET Journal
This document discusses thermal modeling and analysis of steam turbine outlet nozzles. It begins by introducing steam turbines and their use in power generation. It then discusses different types of nozzles used in steam turbines, including convergent, divergent, and convergent-divergent nozzles. Solid particle erosion is identified as a key issue for nozzle performance. The document then describes modeling three nozzle shapes (Moore, Moses and Stein, and convergent-divergent) using CATIA software and analyzing them using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in ANSYS Fluent to determine erosion rates, velocities, pressures, and temperatures. The CFD analysis found the convergent-divergent nozzle had the lowest erosion rate and highest
This document provides an overview of squeeze casting, including its background, process, advantages, and key parameters. Squeeze casting involves pouring molten metal into a die and applying high pressure until solidification is complete. This produces near-net shape castings with reduced porosity and mechanical properties approaching wrought products due to rapid solidification under pressure. Key parameters that affect the process include alloy composition, die design, temperature, applied pressure, and time under pressure. Squeeze casting can produce complex components from various alloys, such as aluminum and magnesium, with properties superior to conventional casting.
IRJET - CFD Analysis of Hot and Cold Steam Flow in an ElbowIRJET Journal
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of hot and cold steam flow through an elbow pipe using ANSYS software. The study aims to analyze pressure, velocity, temperature and mass transfer distribution for both laminar and turbulent flow conditions. A venturi pipe is used as the hot inlet to aid mixing. Meshing and simulations are performed and results are presented for velocity, temperature, pressure and viscosity at different points within the elbow. The results provide insight into flow patterns that can be used as a reference for elbow pipe design.
The document summarizes the tube hydroforming process used to form a complex exhaust duct part from thin-walled tube stock. A 400-ton press and custom hydroforming module were used to form the part by pressurizing water inside the tube against the contours of a split die set. Process parameters like pressure and feed rate had to be carefully controlled. The result was an 80% increase in circumference with only 9% wall thinning achieved in the part. Overall tube hydroforming was found to be an economical alternative to previous multi-piece welded construction of this type of part.
Optimization of Closure Law of Guide Vanes for an Operational Hydropower Plan...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper addresses the optimization of twostage closure law of guide vanes in an operational
hydropower plant of Nepal. The mathematical model
has been established in commercial software Bentley
Hammer, whose correctness has been validated by
comparing the results with the data of experimental
load rejection test. The validated mathematical model
has been employed to find the parameters of optimum
closure pattern, which minimizes the non-linear
objective function of maximum water pressure and
maximum rotational speed of turbine.
This document provides information on centrifugal barrel finishing (CBF), including:
1) CBF is a mass finishing process that can deburr, finish edges and surfaces, and impart high compressive stresses to improve fatigue resistance of metal components at very high speeds.
2) Recent developments have extended CBF capabilities to handle more complex components and improved productivity with new automatic centrifugal barrels and versatile equipment.
3) CBF works by loading components into barrels mounted on a rapidly rotating turret, along with media. The rapid rotation imparts centrifugal forces up to 50 times gravity, tightly compacting the load and enabling short process times through smooth sliding of media against components.
This document summarizes recent developments in centrifugal barrel finishing (CBF), a mass finishing process used to deburr and finish metal components. Key points:
1) New CBF equipment includes larger, lower-speed machines for less complex work, and automated machines for high production and in-line operation.
2) Removable drums allow preloading and remote reloading for improved utilization and scheduling.
3) Specialized machines can handle large/long parts or precision work through fixturing.
4) Automated machines provide fully automatic loading, processing, unloading and media handling.
Optimizing completions in deviated and extended reach wells is a key to safe drilling and optimum
production, particularly in complex terrain and formations. This work summarizes the systematic methodology
and engineering process employed to identify and refine the highly effective completions solution used in ERW
completion system and install highly productive and robust hard wares in horizontal and Extended Reach Wells
for Oil and Gas. A case study of an offshore project was presented and discussed. The unique completion design,
pre-project evaluation and the integrated effort undertaken to firstly, minimize completion and formation damage.
Secondly, maximize gravel placement and sand control method .Thirdly, to maximize filter cake removal
efficiencies. The importance of completions technologies was identified and a robust tool was developed .More
importantly, the ways of deploying these tools to achieve optimal performance in ERW’s completions was done.
The application of the whole system will allow existing constraints to be challenged and overcome successfully;
these achievements was possible, by applying sound practical engineering principle and continuous optimization,
with respect to the rig and environmental limitation space and rig capacity.
Keywords: Well Completions , Deviated and Extended Rearch Wells , Optimization
This article provides guidance on specifying pumps for industrial processes. It explains that there are two main types of pumps - rotodynamic pumps which use an impeller to impart energy, and positive-displacement pumps which trap and discharge discrete amounts of fluid. The article describes how to size a pump by matching its pressure and flow capabilities to the system head and required flowrate. System head depends on static head from pipe elevation and dynamic head from pipe friction losses. Methods for calculating dynamic head losses involving fittings and straight pipe sections are presented.
This document analyzes pumping technologies for transferring sludge at a water treatment plant. It discusses the current use of progressive cavity pumps (PCPs) and issues with abrasive wear caused by sand and carbon particles in the sludge. Test data shows increased rotational speed and imperfect rotation can reduce the fluid film protecting components, leading to more abrasive wear. Recommendations include using an oversized PCP to reduce speed and wear, or one with an oversized rotor to increase contact pressure between components as this may reduce wear. The document aims to improve understanding of sludge pumping technologies and provide recommendations to address ongoing issues with the primary sludge pumps at this facility.
This document summarizes a paper about flumping, a combination of flowing and pumping where a pumped well also flows from the casing-tubing annulus. The paper presents a methodology to calculate the bottom pressure and gas-oil ratio conditions needed to achieve flumping. It applies the methodology to example well data, presenting production rates and efficiencies for different bottom pressures. The results show that flumping can optimize production by allowing simultaneous pumping and annular flow.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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Shaft Grouting - Improving the capacity of bored piles by shaft grouting Nam N.N Tran M.Eng, PMP
Shaft grouting, a relatively new technique, is carried out by injecting grout at discrete points around a pile shaft, assuming that the grout spreads along it
Infographic: Common Drilling Mud Problems - Causes and Solutionspvisoftware
Oil drilling is an intricate process that requires foresight and preparation. From corrosion to bit balling, we share the solutions to the specific roadblocks caused by drilling mud. By identifying potential risks and providing their solutions, we ensure more successful operations.
Seal the Formation Surface With Optimized Bridging Blendpvisoftware
This white paper discusses how to use BridgePRO, a Bridging Agent Size Selection software that aids in the determination of the optimum calcium carbonate blend to achieve maximum bridging of sandstone reservoirs. The software optimization is based on specific formation characteristics and the particle-size distribution of available grades of calcium carbonates.
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Design and Simulation of Foamed Cement Jobspvisoftware
The nature of foamed cement makes predicting the behavior of compressible fluid very difficult. The use of computer software for pre-job design and analysis has proven to be an effective way for improving the quality and success rate of primary cementing, especially when designing and executing foamed cement jobs.
Surge Pressure Prediction for Running Linerspvisoftware
This white paper will review the engineering analysis behind trip operations for different pipe end conditions. The author will discuss the controlling parameters affecting surge pressure using SurgeMOD. There are 2 aspects of the surge and swab pressure analysis: one is to predict surge and swab pressure for a given running speed (analysis mode), while the other one is to calculate optimal trip speeds at different string depths without breaking down formations or causing a kick at weak zone (design mode). This article will address both issues. Examples of running liners in tight tolerance wellbore will be analyzed.
IRJET- Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Performance of Centrifugal Pum...IRJET Journal
This document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the performance of a centrifugal pump impeller on a cooling system. The study analyzes the design and performance of a centrifugal pump by changing the impeller blade angle using CFD software. The objectives are to perform CFD analysis of the impeller, study the effect of changing the impeller blade angle, develop an impeller design approach, optimize the design, and validate it through experiment and simulation. Various impeller blade angle combinations are simulated and the resulting pressures are recorded and analyzed. The results show how discharge is highly affected by flow velocity and how pressure varies for different impeller blade angles.
Air flow and charge motion study of engine intake portTunAnh309
1) A study was conducted using CFD to simulate experimental flow bench tests of an engine intake port design. CFD simulations were run at different valve lifts to calculate air flow rate and emulate the flow bench.
2) Flow coefficient and swirl ratio results from CFD showed good agreement with experimental flow bench measurements, though CFD overpredicted swirl ratio, especially at lower lifts.
3) CFD provides additional insight into flow patterns and velocities not obtainable from flow bench testing alone, allowing designers to more efficiently evaluate intake port designs.
Study of Time Reduction in Manufacturing of Screws Used in Twin Screw PumpIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper gives the characteristics of Time reduction in manufacturing of screws for Twin screw pumps. Screws are playing a vital role in the performance of pumps, because pumps give the fluids transfer rate with the help of screws. There is a gap in screws which shows its positiveness. This indicates that we are studying about positive displacements pumps. Positive displacements pumps having no point of contact between screws, because of that there will be no any friction formation. Automation is best for development of product to reduce time in manufacturing of any product. In this paper we also tried to explain this feature of Automation to help reduction of time to manufacture of product to increase productivity.
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE ON ORIFICE PLATE AND FLOW...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and evaluates the coefficient of discharge of orifice plates and flow nozzles through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Orifice plates and flow nozzles are differential pressure devices used to measure fluid flow rates. The study models orifice plates and flow nozzles in CATIA and analyzes them in ANSYS to predict flow characteristics like velocity and pressure. The CFD results are used to calculate the coefficient of discharge for different orifice and nozzle diameters. The coefficient of discharge increases with increasing diameter and flow nozzles have a higher coefficient than orifice plates. The theoretical coefficient of discharge values also closely match the analytical values obtained from the CFD simulations.
Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Additively Ma...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of additively manufactured weirs. Four different weir designs - empty and ramped catenary, labyrinth, and piano key - were 3D printed and tested in a 2.5 meter open channel flow experiment. Flow rates, water levels, velocities, and discharge coefficients were measured and compared for each weir design. CFD modeling was also used to simulate the flow and validate the experimental results. The ramped catenary weir design generally performed best across testing parameters for both maximum and minimum flow rates. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using additive manufacturing to create complex weir geometries for experimental fluid mechanics research.
IRJET-Thermal Modeling and Analysis of High Pressure Steam Turbine Outlet NozzleIRJET Journal
This document discusses thermal modeling and analysis of steam turbine outlet nozzles. It begins by introducing steam turbines and their use in power generation. It then discusses different types of nozzles used in steam turbines, including convergent, divergent, and convergent-divergent nozzles. Solid particle erosion is identified as a key issue for nozzle performance. The document then describes modeling three nozzle shapes (Moore, Moses and Stein, and convergent-divergent) using CATIA software and analyzing them using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in ANSYS Fluent to determine erosion rates, velocities, pressures, and temperatures. The CFD analysis found the convergent-divergent nozzle had the lowest erosion rate and highest
This document provides an overview of squeeze casting, including its background, process, advantages, and key parameters. Squeeze casting involves pouring molten metal into a die and applying high pressure until solidification is complete. This produces near-net shape castings with reduced porosity and mechanical properties approaching wrought products due to rapid solidification under pressure. Key parameters that affect the process include alloy composition, die design, temperature, applied pressure, and time under pressure. Squeeze casting can produce complex components from various alloys, such as aluminum and magnesium, with properties superior to conventional casting.
IRJET - CFD Analysis of Hot and Cold Steam Flow in an ElbowIRJET Journal
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of hot and cold steam flow through an elbow pipe using ANSYS software. The study aims to analyze pressure, velocity, temperature and mass transfer distribution for both laminar and turbulent flow conditions. A venturi pipe is used as the hot inlet to aid mixing. Meshing and simulations are performed and results are presented for velocity, temperature, pressure and viscosity at different points within the elbow. The results provide insight into flow patterns that can be used as a reference for elbow pipe design.
The document summarizes the tube hydroforming process used to form a complex exhaust duct part from thin-walled tube stock. A 400-ton press and custom hydroforming module were used to form the part by pressurizing water inside the tube against the contours of a split die set. Process parameters like pressure and feed rate had to be carefully controlled. The result was an 80% increase in circumference with only 9% wall thinning achieved in the part. Overall tube hydroforming was found to be an economical alternative to previous multi-piece welded construction of this type of part.
Optimization of Closure Law of Guide Vanes for an Operational Hydropower Plan...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper addresses the optimization of twostage closure law of guide vanes in an operational
hydropower plant of Nepal. The mathematical model
has been established in commercial software Bentley
Hammer, whose correctness has been validated by
comparing the results with the data of experimental
load rejection test. The validated mathematical model
has been employed to find the parameters of optimum
closure pattern, which minimizes the non-linear
objective function of maximum water pressure and
maximum rotational speed of turbine.
This document provides information on centrifugal barrel finishing (CBF), including:
1) CBF is a mass finishing process that can deburr, finish edges and surfaces, and impart high compressive stresses to improve fatigue resistance of metal components at very high speeds.
2) Recent developments have extended CBF capabilities to handle more complex components and improved productivity with new automatic centrifugal barrels and versatile equipment.
3) CBF works by loading components into barrels mounted on a rapidly rotating turret, along with media. The rapid rotation imparts centrifugal forces up to 50 times gravity, tightly compacting the load and enabling short process times through smooth sliding of media against components.
This document summarizes recent developments in centrifugal barrel finishing (CBF), a mass finishing process used to deburr and finish metal components. Key points:
1) New CBF equipment includes larger, lower-speed machines for less complex work, and automated machines for high production and in-line operation.
2) Removable drums allow preloading and remote reloading for improved utilization and scheduling.
3) Specialized machines can handle large/long parts or precision work through fixturing.
4) Automated machines provide fully automatic loading, processing, unloading and media handling.
Optimizing completions in deviated and extended reach wells is a key to safe drilling and optimum
production, particularly in complex terrain and formations. This work summarizes the systematic methodology
and engineering process employed to identify and refine the highly effective completions solution used in ERW
completion system and install highly productive and robust hard wares in horizontal and Extended Reach Wells
for Oil and Gas. A case study of an offshore project was presented and discussed. The unique completion design,
pre-project evaluation and the integrated effort undertaken to firstly, minimize completion and formation damage.
Secondly, maximize gravel placement and sand control method .Thirdly, to maximize filter cake removal
efficiencies. The importance of completions technologies was identified and a robust tool was developed .More
importantly, the ways of deploying these tools to achieve optimal performance in ERW’s completions was done.
The application of the whole system will allow existing constraints to be challenged and overcome successfully;
these achievements was possible, by applying sound practical engineering principle and continuous optimization,
with respect to the rig and environmental limitation space and rig capacity.
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3. Pegasus Vertex, Inc. Best Practices for Cementing Job Software
3
I. Introduction
Cementing is the process of displacing drilling fluids with cement slurry. A successful cement job is
one of the most important factors to the productive life of any well. Complete and durable zonal isola-
tion is the foremost goal of a cement job.
Poor planning and operational execution can not only lead to cement failure but can result in the loss
of hydrocarbon recovery from the wellbore.
Some of the challenges that oil and service companies face today include U-tubing, high ECD, loss
of circulation and excessive pump pressure, temperature prediction, etc.
These concerns can be best analyzed using computer models, which allow the engineers to see the
efforts of different design parameters prior to the job. Potential problems can be identified and the
cementing design can be tuned before the pump starts.
Pegasus Vertex, Inc. (PVI) has engaged in the research and development of well cementing oper-
ations for more than a decade. This white paper provides guidelines and a list of considerations for
using computer models to perform pre-job design and post-job analysis of cementing operations.
The success or failure of a cementing operation can potentially make or break the financial viability
of a well or project, so it is vital to prevent mistakes and not let small problems become big ones.
Making cementing decisions to correct potential problems is a complex process because many fac-
tors have to be considered. A cement job software becomes a powerful tool, because it can model
the effects of various job design parameters before the job is actually performed. A good simulator
should cover the following aspects.
II. Modeling
1. Hydraulics modeling
Rheology is the study of the deformation and flow of fluids. Hydraulics attempts to determine the
relationships between the flow rate and the frictional pressure drop, based on fluid properties,
mainly viscosity. There are 4 different rheology models, as illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Rheology Models
Newtonian Power Law Bingham Herschel Bulkley
Shear rate
Shearstress
Shear rate
Shearstress
Shear rate
Shearstress
Shear rate
Shearstress
4. Pegasus Vertex, Inc. Best Practices for Cementing Job Software
4
To properly design, execute, and evaluate a primary cement job, one must first understand the rheo-
logical properties of the cement slurries and accomplish the following tasks:
• Evaluate the slurry’s pumpability.
• Determine the friction pressure when the slurry flows into the pipes and the annuli.
• Calculate pump pressure requirement and ECD.
• Predict U-tubing or “free-fall”.
• Handle both forward and reverse circulation.
The cement slurries are usually heavier than drilling fluid, chemical wash, or spacer. When the cement
slurries are pumped into the casing, a hydrostatic pressure imbalance is created between the inside
of the casing and the annulus. As a result, the cement slurries have a tendency to free-fall and draw a
vacuum inside the upper portion of the casing.
Eventually, as heavy cement slurries enter the annulus and hydrostatic pressure equilibrium is re-
gained, the outward flow falls below the inward flow and the casing gradually refills (backfilling stage).
At some point, the outward flow may reach zero and the fluid column in the annulus may become
stationary. Such events are easily misinterpreted as partial or complete loss of circulation. When the
casing is backfilled, the inward and outward flow will be equal. During this period, the well is on vacu-
um and the surface pressure indication is zero.
U-tubing must be considered to account for dynamic annular fluid velocities and pressures to the safe
and successful execution of a cement job.
PVI recognizes the need for an advanced cementing model and has developed CEMPRO to handle
the fluid dynamics during cement job. Figure 2 shows the simulated inward and outward flow rates
with predicted pump pressure.
Figure 2: Flow Rates vs. Elapsed Time
5. Pegasus Vertex, Inc. Best Practices for Cementing Job Software
5
2. Displacement efficiency
Poor mud removal is normally identified as the major source of communication problems. To improve
the sealing property of the cement sheath, we will need to design our fluids and operation parameters
to prevent mud channeling, especially in annulus.
The common parameter to define the completeness of the fluid displacement is the displacement effi-
ciency, which is the fraction of annular volume occupied by the displacing fluid.
PVI has gone beyond focusing solely on accurately predicting hydraulics and has scientifically investi-
gated the displacement efficiency over pumping time. The CEMPRO+
model, an advanced version of
CEMPRO, uses a finite volume method to solve the equations of momentum, continuity and concen-
tration transport.
Figure 3 is the unwrapped view of the annulus showing the mixture of all the fluids, mud concentra-
tions, velocities at the narrow and wide sides of the annulus, and overall displacement efficiency.
Figure 3: Simulated Mud Channel
As the search for petroleum resources goes more extreme in terms of depths, pressures, and tem-
peratures (HTHP drilling), wellbore circulating temperature prediction becomes very crucial. For deep
water wells, predicting the circulating temperature is further complicated by the presence of riser,
choke/kill/boost lines. However, the temperature must be accurately predicted in order to properly
design the fluid and eliminate excessive waiting on the cement.
3. Temperature prediction
6. Pegasus Vertex, Inc. Best Practices for Cementing Job Software
6
Figure 4: Temperature Profiles at the End of a Cement Job
For cementing operations, temperature prediction needs to address the transient heat transfer between
wellbore and sea water/rock formation. Using the fully implicit finite difference method, the model treats
the wellbore as a two-dimensional thermal model that accounts for the dynamic flow of mud with ap-
propriate heat interchanged by convection and conduction.
The dynamic temperature profiles inside the casing, on pipe, in the annulus are calculated using an
iterative method at each time step.
4. HTHP consideration
The density of a fluid changes with temperature and pressure. Fluid viscosity tends to decrease (or
alternatively, its fluidity tends to increase) as its temperature increases. For HTHP wells, handling of
temperature and pressure dependent rheology and density becomes necessary. Users should be able
to optionally choose to consider temperature and pressure effects on fluid density and rheological
properties, as shown in Figure 5.
7. Pegasus Vertex, Inc. Best Practices for Cementing Job Software
7
Figure 5: Density as Functions of Temperature and Pressure
5. Foamed cement
Foamed cement has long been regarded as an answer to the problem of effectively cementing lost cir-
culation zones. While conventional cement jobs have been extensively modeled, designing a foamed
cement job requires cumbersome calculations to take into account the influence of pressure and tem-
perature on compressible fluid. To fully understand the hydraulic behavior of foamed slurry as functions
of temperature and pressure at various times of circulations, a numerical simulator is required.
Foamed cementing techniques rely on the prediction of the density of foamed slurry based on the
downhole pressures and temperatures. The slurry density at any point in the well will be determined
by the pressure exerted on the slurry, the temperature at that point in the well, the volume of the base
slurry, and the concentration of nitrogen.
Prior to the field execution of a foamed cement job, one can calculate the required nitrogen loading
ratios using one of the 3 operation methods: constant nitrogen rate, constant density, or “hybrid” (a
combination of both). The method of constant nitrogen rate calls for a nitrogen rate to be held constant
throughout the job. Thus, slurry density will increase as depth increases. The technique of constant
density requires increasing the nitrogen flow rate as the slurry is pumped into the well. This results in a
slurry column with a uniform density from top to bottom.
The hybrid method combines the merits of both methods: use less stages of nitrogen ratios while main-
taining reasonably homogeneous density and foam quality profiles. Figure 6 shows that the operation
calls for 6 stages of nitrogen loading ratios.
8. Pegasus Vertex, Inc. Best Practices for Cementing Job Software
8
Figure 6: Foamed Cement - Hybrid Method
6. Hook load prediction
Hook load is the actual weight of a casing string measured at the surface, affected by buoyancy, fric-
tion and other factors in the wellbore. During a cement job, pumping cement and displacement fluid
can lift the casing, because of the pressure imbalance and buoyancy. Figure 7 shows the variation of
the hook load during a displacement. If the hook load becomes negative, that means the casing will
be hydraulically pumped out of the well.
Figure 7: Hook Load during Fluid Displacement
7. Job evaluation
Ideally, users should be able to evaluate job results by comparing the pre-job simulation to simulation
based on actual recorded data. This information can be extremely useful in planning future jobs and
in trouble shooting. In CEMPRO, actual job execution data can be imported to compare designs with
actual results to verify the success of the operation. This permits adjustments to be made for im-
provement on subsequent jobs.
9. Pegasus Vertex, Inc. Best Practices for Cementing Job Software
9
Figure 8: Job Evaluation
8. Localization
Software localization is the process of adapting a software product to the linguistic, cultural and techni-
cal requirements of different countries. This process is labor-intensive and often requires a significant
amount of time from the development teams.
To meet global demands, PVI has translated CEMPRO into Spanish, Russian, Portuguese and Chinese.
Figure 9: CEMPRO in Spanish
10. Pegasus Vertex, Inc. Best Practices for Cementing Job Software
10Figure 10: Animation in CEMPRO
9. Usability
Usability reveals whether users feel comfortable with an application according to different parameters
- the flow, navigation and layout, and speed and content, especially in comparison to prior or similar
applications. Cement engineering software should also be tested with the following questions in mind:
• How easy is it to use the software?
• How easy is it to learn the software?
• How convenient is the software to the end users?
Designed by professional software architects and cement engineers, CEMPRO contains the best
elements of advanced computing technology and practical cementing engineering. The following fea-
tures of the program make the program user-friendly and let users see what is invisible to engineers.
• Survey data import from Excel Spreadsheet, text or PDF files
• 3D well paths visualization
• Displacement animation
11. Pegasus Vertex, Inc. Best Practices for Cementing Job Software
11
III. Benefits
A computer program like CEMPRO enables pumping companies and operators to provide the best in
technical expertise at all levels. The benefits of using computer modeling are multifold, as shown below.
• Excellent planner – The software allows engineers to see big and complete pictures at the design
stage. It reduces rig time by looking at the pump requirement for the particular wellbore configura-
tion, slurry properties and operation parameters.
• Training – For entry level or advanced engineering skills training, companies can use CEMPRO to
instruct individuals or cementing and pumping crews.
• Reduce risk – CEMPRO software allows you to see the effects of various cement job design parame-
ters before the job is actually performed. That way, many potential problems can be identified before
the pumping starts, and appropriate modifications can be made. Lost circulation, fluids migration,
poor cement bond, or slurry contamination can be avoided or minimized.
• Safer operation – Having a standard software application provides consistency and confidence in
results and helps reduce unnecessary errors which could jeopardize cementing operations. Software
tools help foretell well behavior with enough notice to allow cementing teams to calmly make sound
technical decisions that lead to a safer operation.
IV. Conclusion
Since its first release in 2002, CEMPRO has evolved into a comprehensive cementing job simulator,
with features covering all the concerns mentioned above. It distills the essence of the best R&D on
cementing operation over the past 40 years. CEMPRO offers the industry a better understanding of
fluid displacement, helps our engineers make informed decisions regarding the placement and mini-
mize risk throughout the well’s life. It provides a platform for both service companies and operators to
ensure a successful cementing job by putting all parties on the same page.
The successes of CEMPRO stem from the combination of PVI’s technical strengths in engineering
modeling and collaboration with industry leaders of cementing operation. Our goal is to work collab-
oratively with our customers to design and deliver the best sophisticated yet simple cement job soft-
ware in the market.
For more information on CEMPRO, please contact PVI at:
Pegasus Vertex, Inc.
6100 Corporate Dr., Suite 448, Houston, TX 77036
Tel: (713) 981-5558 / Fax: (713) 981-5556
info@pvisoftware.com
www.pvisoftware.com