The document discusses several topics:
1. The challenges of sustainably feeding a growing global population and the role technology can play in addressing issues like increased food production and climate change adaptation.
2. The increasing privatization and patenting of agricultural and environmental research, which some argue has appropriated public science.
3. The formation of the Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA) to create an agricultural biotechnology patent pool among public institutions, but the challenges it faced in operationalizing this goal.
4. The Global Responsibility Innovation Alliance (GRIA), which aims to make technologies and knowledge more accessible for development applications while preserving commercial markets through tailored legal and partnership solutions.
Unleashing the power of data in transforming livestock agriculture in Ethiopia ILRI
Presented by Fasil Getachew, Setegn Worku, Wondmeneh Esatu and Tadelle Dessie at the 27 Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), EIAR, Addis Ababa, 29–31 August 2019
Innovations in Food and Medicine PackagingGridlogics
This report takes a look into the patenting activity around food and medicine packaging uncovering the companies, inventors, intellectual property trends and other key indicators. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. It refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages.
Demand for quality food has driven packaging innovation and innovations in packaging have helped to create new food categories and added convenience. One of the largest concerns surrounds the sustainability of packaging materials. Considerable research is underway by companies and organizations to understand and address sustainability.
This report focuses on how Patent data can help uncover the trends, gaps and opportunities that exist around this area. You will find the information on the research activity, packaging types, the companies most active in this research area, the filings spread, key comparisons etc. The contextual similarity between different technologies across complete patent portfolio is represented by contour maps. Here, distance between clusters is proportional to the difference between patent themes. This report was prepared by mining patent data using Patent iNSIGHT Pro, a comprehensive patent analysis platform that helps one accelerate time-to-decision from patent analysis activities.
Published: Oct 4 , 2012
Innovations in food and medicine packagingPrashant Nair
This report takes a look into the patenting activity around innovations in food and medical packaging uncovering the companies, inventors, intellectual property trends and other key indicators. It focuses on how Patent data can help uncover the trends, gaps and opportunities that exist around this area. You will find the information on the research activity, packaging types, the companies most active in this research area, the filings spread, key comparisons etc. In contour, records are placed based on their contextual similarity shared with neighboring records. Closer the clusters, more is the overlap or correlation between them.
This report was prepared by mining patent data using Patent iNSIGHT Pro, a comprehensive patent analysis platform that helps one accelerate time-to-decision from patent analysis.
Unleashing the power of data in transforming livestock agriculture in Ethiopia ILRI
Presented by Fasil Getachew, Setegn Worku, Wondmeneh Esatu and Tadelle Dessie at the 27 Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), EIAR, Addis Ababa, 29–31 August 2019
Innovations in Food and Medicine PackagingGridlogics
This report takes a look into the patenting activity around food and medicine packaging uncovering the companies, inventors, intellectual property trends and other key indicators. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. It refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages.
Demand for quality food has driven packaging innovation and innovations in packaging have helped to create new food categories and added convenience. One of the largest concerns surrounds the sustainability of packaging materials. Considerable research is underway by companies and organizations to understand and address sustainability.
This report focuses on how Patent data can help uncover the trends, gaps and opportunities that exist around this area. You will find the information on the research activity, packaging types, the companies most active in this research area, the filings spread, key comparisons etc. The contextual similarity between different technologies across complete patent portfolio is represented by contour maps. Here, distance between clusters is proportional to the difference between patent themes. This report was prepared by mining patent data using Patent iNSIGHT Pro, a comprehensive patent analysis platform that helps one accelerate time-to-decision from patent analysis activities.
Published: Oct 4 , 2012
Innovations in food and medicine packagingPrashant Nair
This report takes a look into the patenting activity around innovations in food and medical packaging uncovering the companies, inventors, intellectual property trends and other key indicators. It focuses on how Patent data can help uncover the trends, gaps and opportunities that exist around this area. You will find the information on the research activity, packaging types, the companies most active in this research area, the filings spread, key comparisons etc. In contour, records are placed based on their contextual similarity shared with neighboring records. Closer the clusters, more is the overlap or correlation between them.
This report was prepared by mining patent data using Patent iNSIGHT Pro, a comprehensive patent analysis platform that helps one accelerate time-to-decision from patent analysis.
Project Description - Collection, sustainable cultivation, value addition and marketing linkages of selected medicinal and aromatic species (MAP) using emerging technology interventions.
Jose Falck Zepeda presentation at the American Society of Horticultural Sciences, Washington DC, August 3, 2018. Presentation examines governance and other issues affecting genetically engineered crops and builds on this expereince to examine potential consequences on new plant breeding techniques and other advanced biotechnologies.
ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019:Research Program - Innovation Systems fo...ICRISAT
The Global Planning Meeting 2019 focused on an innovation systems approach harnesses the conditions needed to create demand for technologies and creates the knowledge that may be used to bring about such changes…innovations most often emerge from a systems of actors collaborating, communicating and learning, methodologies and tools to create innovations, understand entry points/tradeoffs and leverage actors towards profitable resilient and sustainable agri-food systems at scale and work together to contribute to ICRISAT’s mission.
This webinar covers the highlights of the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, including responsible AI, the future of food, integrated retail and the blockchain.
1. Collaborative IP – real world experiences Agricultural and environmental technologies
2. Population ~2.2 fold increase We need to produce 38% more rice by 2030 “ International Food Policy Research Institute” Except > shift to animal based diets and > demand for bioenergy OVERALL DEMAND MAY BE ADDITIONAL 75%
8. In agriculture and environment, public institutions own a disproportionate percentage of US patents 97% private 74% private All patents Ag Biotech Patents
9. Source: Graff et al., Nature Biotech , 2003 Our own anti-commons But the public IP portfolio is highly fragmented
10. PIPRA's founders wanted to created a partnership of public institutions – basically a large patent pool
11. The reality for agricultural biotechnology 2-3 traits; 3 major crops; 3 dominant companies Public sector absent from a historical role in food security and food quality
15. pPIPRA Vectors with Maximum FTO: Marker Excision Vectors For asexually propagated plants (rootstocks, grapes) For sexually propagated plants (rice, alfalfa) PIPRA’s Enabling Technologies for Plant Transformation
16. 1. Selectable markers University of Tennessee, University of Kentucky 2. Constitutive and tissue Specific Promoters Univ California, Cornell Univ., AgriFood Canada, public domain 3. Excision marker Univ California 4. Transposase Univ California pPIPRA enabling technology system comprised of multiple patented technologies – all from PIPRA members Pooled and licensed together. Free for non-commercial research or for developing country applications.
17. Licensing Model for Patent Pool Free transfers Fee based transfers Revenue flow Vector Technology Providers Pre-negotiated licensing terms research use PIPRA Design, test, and disseminate plant transformation vector materials under research or commercial MTA/Licenses humanitarian use commercial use Enabling Technologies for Plant Transformation MTA and inter-institutional agreement
18. What were the issues? Licensor of the “pool” carries the potential liability for all technology donors. Can the technology donors be indemnified and by whom? Governing law – where? The focus was on mitigating risks – not on supporting innovation. Very high transaction costs to coordinate all parties. A vehicle for partnerships Foundations Seed companies
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20. Developing a proactive patent pool that mines portfolios and builds translational partnerships The Global Responsibility Innovation Alliance (GRIA) provides an interface between the well-resourced engines of innovation in developed countries and the technological needs of the poor. We can make technologies and knowledge more accessible for pro-poor applications while still preserving commercial markets. But we need good legal tools, and tailored practical solutions. We can connect partners that will develop and deploy technologies that improve the lives of the poor. But we need a broker to catalyze partnerships. We can create practical technological solutions to the problems of poverty. But we need better coordination and communication among technology providers, engineers, deployment partners, designers, and the people that use the technology.
21. Making Solutions Accessible The GRIA was founded on the understanding that technology providers want to fulfill their roles as global citizens in contributing to the reduction of poverty, but they face three major hurdles: They don’t know specifically how to help; there is a lack of good information translating the high-level needs of global poverty into specific contributions of technology and expertise. The risks are hard to manage; significant risks exist (related to markets, liability, and IP rights) that need to be mitigated with tailored legal and institutional tools. Partnerships are not easy to build; finding the right partners (often NGOs or public sector partners) and structuring deals for success can be challenging and involve high transaction costs. As members of the GRIA, companies and research organizations benefit from access to expertise in legal tools and commercialization strategies tailored to provide practical solutions to overcome all of these hurdles.
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23. Global Responsibility Licensing Our legal tools are built from a growing body of practice creating access to technologies to benefit the poor. Global Responsibility Licensing is designed to make IP available for humanitarian uses while managing institutional risk and preserving protection for commercial uses. These humanitarian uses are differentiated from commercial or emerging market uses.
24. Global Responsibility Partnerships Whenever IP or knowledge is being applied to the problems of the poor, good partnerships are the key to achieving impact. As we work to increase access to IP for development uses through Global Responsibility Licensing , we also must provide opportunities to identify partners, build strong pro-poor partnerships, think strategically about commercialization, and enable knowledge transfer. Sharing knowledge is an integral part of technology transfer; it can be critical for the successful pro-poor application of IP, and the transfer of know-how alone can achieve high levels of impact. But it can be challenging for companies to find the right partners, identify the needs, and navigate the partnerships necessary to implement a successful technical philanthropy program. Through its dual focus on both Global Responsibility Licensing and on catalyzing partnerships, the GRIA offers the potential to support applications of technology and knowledge to address the needs of the poor.
25. Action Identify potential pro-poor applications of technologies. Support companies, universities, and research institutes in identifying opportunities for knowledge transfer. Facilitate due diligence and partner selection for product development and deployment partners. Support the development of partnerships among technology providers, product development and deployment partners, and technical philanthropy partners. Develop commercialization strategies and evaluate opportunities around specific technologies. Create reporting mechanisms for monitoring success of partnerships.
28. A passive patent pool with admirable objectives and positive corporate PR • A convenient self-contained battery recycling station that will encourage consumers to exchange their used batteries for new ones or for credit
Editor's Notes
Since the 1980s molecular biology has emerged as a leading tool for improving crop genetics, ushered in by a new mode of disseminating research results, private development done under patent protection. While the growth in patents owned by industry might be expected in any emergent technology, the surprise to many is the extent to which public research institutions and universities have also engaged in patenting the results of their research in plant biotechnology, encouraged in the US by legislation, the Bayh-Dole Act, passed by Congress in 1980.
That so-called public sector “portfolio” is made up of numerous uncoordinated splinters of patented technologies. Each institution competes with the others for research funding and licensing revenues. Any third party interested in accessing a full platform of technologies from public sector institutions would need to negotiate separately with multiple owners, involving considerable transaction costs and potential holdups… a situation dubbed “the crisis of the anti-commons” with too many property rights leading to an underutilization of a valuable resource. It is the inverse of the traditional notion of the “crisis of the commons” whereby the nonexistence of property rights leads to an over utilization of a valuable resource. PIPRA was created as a coming together of public sector institutions pledging to seek useful ways to coordinate their individual management of IP. Public sector institutions would become part of the PIPRA initiative by signing a multilateral Memorandum of Understanding.
As time goes on, we are beginning to see major trends in how private business operates within plant genetics. Much as in pharmaceuticals and health, the private sector pursues the large market blockbusters, leaving innovations with potentially high social value, but limited profit potential as “orphans”. An analysis of the R&D pipeline in nutritional and product quality traits shows that while a lot of interesting early stage leads are available (mostly arising from publicly funded research) very little has received enough investment to commercialize it, even with the incentives of intellectual property in place. It suggests there still may be a role for the public sector in developing “orphan” crops.