Behaviorism, developed by John B. Watson in 1913, emphasizes that all behaviors result from conditioning influenced by the environment, dismissing internal mental states as relevant. It encompasses methodological behaviorism, which focuses on observable behaviors, and radical behaviorism, which incorporates reinforcement history. Although behaviorism has applications in education and therapy, critics argue it overlooks internal influences and personal agency.

1. BEHAVIOURISM
SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY
Presentation By:
Dr Sangeeta Solanki
Associate Professor
RCCV Girls College Ghaziabad
Department of Teacher Education

2.  Behaviorism was formally established with the 1913
publication of John B. Watson's classic paper, "Psychology as
the Behaviorist Views."
 Watson, who is often considered the father of behaviorism:

3.  From about 1920 through the mid-1950s, behaviorism became
the dominant school of thought in psychology.
 behavioral psychology grew out of the desire to establish
psychology as an objective and measurable science.

4.  Strict behaviorists believe that all behaviors are
the result of experience.
 Any person, regardless of their background, can
be trained to act in a particular manner given the
right conditioning.

5. It is best summed up by the following
quote from Watson
 "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own
specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take
any one at random and train him to become any type of
specialist I might select—doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief
and,
 yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents,
tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors."4

6. all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, and
conditioning occurs through interaction with the
environment. Behaviorists believe that our actions are
shaped by environmental stimuli.

7. According to this school of thought, Behavior can be
studied in a systematic and observable manner regardless
of internal mental states.
Behavioral theory also says that only observable behavior
should be studied, as cognition, emotions, and mood are
far too subjective.

8. Strict behaviorists believe that any person—regardless
of genetic background, personality traits, and internal
thoughts— can be trained to perform any task, within
the limits of their physical capabilities.
It only requires the right conditioning.

9. 1. Methodological Behaviorism
2. It states that observable behavior should be studied
scientifically
3. mental states and cognitive processes don't add to
the understanding of behavior.
4. Methodological behaviorism aligns with Watson's
ideologies and approach.

10.  Radical Behaviorism
 Behavior can be understood by looking at one's past and
present environment and the reinforcements within it, thereby
influencing behavior either positively or negatively.
 This behavioral approach was created by the psychologist B.F.
Skinner.5

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12.  Education
 Behaviorism can be used to help students learn, such as by
influencing lesson design.
 For instance, some teachers use consistent encouragement to
help students learn (operant conditioning)
 while others focus more on creating a stimulating environment
to increase engagement (classical conditioning)

13.  Research
 clearly observe and measure behaviors.
 Because behaviorism is based on observable behaviors, it is
often easier to quantify and collect data when conducting
research.

14.  Mental Health
 Behavioral therapy was born from behaviorism and originally used in the
treatment of autism
 This type of therapy involves helping people change problematic thoughts and
behaviors, thereby improving mental health.
 Effective therapeutic techniques are all rooted in behaviorism.
 Useful in changing maladaptive or harmful behaviors in both children and
adults.


15.  Many critics argue that behaviorism is a one-dimensional
approach to understanding human behavior.
 They suggest that behavioral theories do not account for free
will or internal influences such as moods, thoughts, and
feelings

16.  Freud felt that behaviorism failed by not accounting for
the unconscious mind's thoughts, feelings, and desires, which
influence people's actions.
 Other thinkers, such as Carl Rogers and other humanistic
psychologists, believed that behaviorism was too rigid and
limited, failing to take into consideration personal agency.