An introduction to designing for accessibility. For designers, product managers and business analysts. Understand the need for accessibility and cover off some accessibility basics.
Do the right thing: accessibility and inclusive design (with Drupal)cspin
What developers, designers, content managers, and stakeholders need to know about the current state of web accessibility, the laws in Ontario enforcing accessibility by January 2014, and how Drupal can help.
When it comes to the usability of forms there is a lot of research and a lot of factors to consider. This presentation reviews a large body of research on various aspects of form usability and user experience.
It covers three broad categories: 1. Accessibility, 2. Context & 3. Design
Setting up an enterprise wide User Experience function can be a challenge in any industry. Higher education presents its own challenges, particularly in light of recent digital disruption emerging in the industry.
This presentation looks at the disruption that can be expected, explains the importance of User Experience, provides examples of UX and suggestions for setting up centralised UX.
Slides from a training session introducing UX concepts to Business Analysts. This includes:
* An explanation of what User Experience involves
* How to include "contextual inquiry" into requirements gathering
* What "Information Architecture" is and how to manage findability and discoverability
* A brief introduction to Usability Testing
Designing visualisations and dashboards can be a difficult task. It involves working out how to condense large amounts of data into easy to understand visualisations, understanding how the information presented will be used, and even choosing the right kinds of charts.
This presentation covers elements of design thinking, usability, and an understanding of human perception. The goal end goal is to try and enhance the user experience of visualisations and dashboards.
Basic Visual Design Principles and UI Design Best PracticesAvijit Chinara
On these slides I have explained visual design principles and UI design best practices. This will help you to improve your visualization and UI Designing skills.
UXPA2019 UX fundamentals for adapting science-based interfaces for non-techni...UXPA International
This presentation will discuss the challenges of adapting a water simulation interface, originally built to present technical information to experts, to new audiences that include high school students and rural populations of museum visitors. It will discuss the important verbal, visual, and interactive adaptation work required to convey accurate scientific data while building a meaningful user experience. It will also discuss some of the particular considerations (such as accuracy and amount of data) that need to be accommodated when scientific content is being made more accessible.
Going from Here to There: Transitioning into a UX Careerdpanarelli
A lot of people are curious about transitioning into the field of User Experience Design (UX). In this talk, I talk about a few different ways that you can transition into a UX career, be it grad school, night classes, or the ol' school of hard knocks, backed up by case studies. This talk was given at NoVA UX Meetup in the offices of AddThis, hosted by organizer Jim Lane.
Do the right thing: accessibility and inclusive design (with Drupal)cspin
What developers, designers, content managers, and stakeholders need to know about the current state of web accessibility, the laws in Ontario enforcing accessibility by January 2014, and how Drupal can help.
When it comes to the usability of forms there is a lot of research and a lot of factors to consider. This presentation reviews a large body of research on various aspects of form usability and user experience.
It covers three broad categories: 1. Accessibility, 2. Context & 3. Design
Setting up an enterprise wide User Experience function can be a challenge in any industry. Higher education presents its own challenges, particularly in light of recent digital disruption emerging in the industry.
This presentation looks at the disruption that can be expected, explains the importance of User Experience, provides examples of UX and suggestions for setting up centralised UX.
Slides from a training session introducing UX concepts to Business Analysts. This includes:
* An explanation of what User Experience involves
* How to include "contextual inquiry" into requirements gathering
* What "Information Architecture" is and how to manage findability and discoverability
* A brief introduction to Usability Testing
Designing visualisations and dashboards can be a difficult task. It involves working out how to condense large amounts of data into easy to understand visualisations, understanding how the information presented will be used, and even choosing the right kinds of charts.
This presentation covers elements of design thinking, usability, and an understanding of human perception. The goal end goal is to try and enhance the user experience of visualisations and dashboards.
Basic Visual Design Principles and UI Design Best PracticesAvijit Chinara
On these slides I have explained visual design principles and UI design best practices. This will help you to improve your visualization and UI Designing skills.
UXPA2019 UX fundamentals for adapting science-based interfaces for non-techni...UXPA International
This presentation will discuss the challenges of adapting a water simulation interface, originally built to present technical information to experts, to new audiences that include high school students and rural populations of museum visitors. It will discuss the important verbal, visual, and interactive adaptation work required to convey accurate scientific data while building a meaningful user experience. It will also discuss some of the particular considerations (such as accuracy and amount of data) that need to be accommodated when scientific content is being made more accessible.
Going from Here to There: Transitioning into a UX Careerdpanarelli
A lot of people are curious about transitioning into the field of User Experience Design (UX). In this talk, I talk about a few different ways that you can transition into a UX career, be it grad school, night classes, or the ol' school of hard knocks, backed up by case studies. This talk was given at NoVA UX Meetup in the offices of AddThis, hosted by organizer Jim Lane.
Matt May tweeted an observation in 2016 introducing Trickle-Down Accessibility and recognized prioritizing our blind customers could lead to less support for others.
Focusing on screen reader accessibility has distinct advantages for product developers. If your application works with a screen reader, it should also be usable with a keyboard, voice recognition, and switch control devices. Screen reader accessibility also falls in line with automated testing tools.
However, there are many disabilities, and assistive technologies, that are not necessarily benefited by this focus on the blind/low-vision community. Color contrast, closed captioning, readability, consistency in design, user customization, session timeouts, and animation distraction are just a few examples of concerns that often go unaddressed.
Find the Interface Design trends for 2014 by - now freelance - Petra Sell on:
http://www.slideshare.net/volpelino/id14
Prophets Agency presents "ID13": the trends in Interactive Design for 2013. Third year in a row, after the ID11 and ID12 trends. Written and designed by our Design Director Petra Sell.
Starting at the emerging trends in 2012 moving to what is happening in interaction design in 2013. the consolidation of ongoing trends up to future thinking and some advice on how to keep up.
Take your time to browse through the 147 slides of this impressive deck. Brands who fancy a 'live' presentation in their offices can contact us to make an appointment. Do spread along, cause sharing still is caring.
How to create accessible websites - WordCamp BostonRachel Cherry
Web accessibility refers to the inclusive practice of removing barriers that prevent interaction with, or access to, websites by people with disabilities. When your website is inaccessible, research shows you could be excluding up to 20 percent of your visitors and customers. When your website is accessible, everyone can consume your information and interact with you and your services. Visually-impaired users can visit your website using a screen reader. Those who can’t use a mouse can navigate your site using a keyboard or other input device. Designing with accessibility in mind will also improve your SEO. Join my workshop to learn more about accessibility, the importance of universal design, and how to create a high-quality user experience that is inclusive and beneficial to all.
UXPA2019 How to (Build and) Test Conversational InterfacesUXPA International
Speaking from experience, I can tell you it’s virtually impossible to test intent. By this, I mean that when you are building a mostly spoken UI, such as for an Alexa skill, it is imperative to test your conversations early and often, but the kicker is that it can be really difficult to do with more traditional user testing techniques. Can you set up remote user testing sessions when there is no tangible thing or site to interact with? How do you perform in-person tests that mimic the “real experience” with lo-fi prototypes?
Having spent the better part of the last 2+ years researching, prototyping, testing, and building experiences for a multi-modal social robot and enterprise chatbots, I plan to share what worked well, including specific tools, techniques, and tips for success.
Our friends at UXPin are giving Awwwards users this fantastic e-book for free, explaining the 10 most successful web design techniques. Check out the analysis of 166 examples with tons of tips and resources!
UXPA2019 Not Your Average Chatbot: Using Cognitive Intercept to Improve Infor...UXPA International
This presentation from UXPA 2019 will review cognitive intercept as pertains to search, and how it extends to an additional domain (live agent chat). Evidence that it helps users and lowers help desk volumes will be discussed.
Accessibility is hot button topic for many for a variety of reasons. But it doesn't need to be expensive, difficult or impeded innovation if we follow some simple WCAG guidelines. These basic steps overcome a majority of common accessibility challenges.
Inclusive Design: an Introduction to Accessibility - Radina Matic - DrupalCon...Radina Matic
Talk about accessibility and inclusive design I presented at DrupalCon Barcelona on September 23, 2015.
Link for original talk:
https://events.drupal.org/barcelona2015/sessions/inclusive-design-introduction-accessibility-whys-and-hows
Matt May tweeted an observation in 2016 introducing Trickle-Down Accessibility and recognized prioritizing our blind customers could lead to less support for others.
Focusing on screen reader accessibility has distinct advantages for product developers. If your application works with a screen reader, it should also be usable with a keyboard, voice recognition, and switch control devices. Screen reader accessibility also falls in line with automated testing tools.
However, there are many disabilities, and assistive technologies, that are not necessarily benefited by this focus on the blind/low-vision community. Color contrast, closed captioning, readability, consistency in design, user customization, session timeouts, and animation distraction are just a few examples of concerns that often go unaddressed.
Find the Interface Design trends for 2014 by - now freelance - Petra Sell on:
http://www.slideshare.net/volpelino/id14
Prophets Agency presents "ID13": the trends in Interactive Design for 2013. Third year in a row, after the ID11 and ID12 trends. Written and designed by our Design Director Petra Sell.
Starting at the emerging trends in 2012 moving to what is happening in interaction design in 2013. the consolidation of ongoing trends up to future thinking and some advice on how to keep up.
Take your time to browse through the 147 slides of this impressive deck. Brands who fancy a 'live' presentation in their offices can contact us to make an appointment. Do spread along, cause sharing still is caring.
How to create accessible websites - WordCamp BostonRachel Cherry
Web accessibility refers to the inclusive practice of removing barriers that prevent interaction with, or access to, websites by people with disabilities. When your website is inaccessible, research shows you could be excluding up to 20 percent of your visitors and customers. When your website is accessible, everyone can consume your information and interact with you and your services. Visually-impaired users can visit your website using a screen reader. Those who can’t use a mouse can navigate your site using a keyboard or other input device. Designing with accessibility in mind will also improve your SEO. Join my workshop to learn more about accessibility, the importance of universal design, and how to create a high-quality user experience that is inclusive and beneficial to all.
UXPA2019 How to (Build and) Test Conversational InterfacesUXPA International
Speaking from experience, I can tell you it’s virtually impossible to test intent. By this, I mean that when you are building a mostly spoken UI, such as for an Alexa skill, it is imperative to test your conversations early and often, but the kicker is that it can be really difficult to do with more traditional user testing techniques. Can you set up remote user testing sessions when there is no tangible thing or site to interact with? How do you perform in-person tests that mimic the “real experience” with lo-fi prototypes?
Having spent the better part of the last 2+ years researching, prototyping, testing, and building experiences for a multi-modal social robot and enterprise chatbots, I plan to share what worked well, including specific tools, techniques, and tips for success.
Our friends at UXPin are giving Awwwards users this fantastic e-book for free, explaining the 10 most successful web design techniques. Check out the analysis of 166 examples with tons of tips and resources!
UXPA2019 Not Your Average Chatbot: Using Cognitive Intercept to Improve Infor...UXPA International
This presentation from UXPA 2019 will review cognitive intercept as pertains to search, and how it extends to an additional domain (live agent chat). Evidence that it helps users and lowers help desk volumes will be discussed.
Accessibility is hot button topic for many for a variety of reasons. But it doesn't need to be expensive, difficult or impeded innovation if we follow some simple WCAG guidelines. These basic steps overcome a majority of common accessibility challenges.
Inclusive Design: an Introduction to Accessibility - Radina Matic - DrupalCon...Radina Matic
Talk about accessibility and inclusive design I presented at DrupalCon Barcelona on September 23, 2015.
Link for original talk:
https://events.drupal.org/barcelona2015/sessions/inclusive-design-introduction-accessibility-whys-and-hows
Accessibility and Design: Where Productivity and Philosophy MeetJoe Lonsky
Accessibility and Design: Where Productivity and Philosophy Meet - CSUN 2017 - Presented by Ryan Strunk and Joe Lonsky - Design once, develop once. Learn how providing integrated accessibility and design feedback before development begins can drastically improve the accessibility of your experience.
A brief discussion at WordCamp Portland in September 2010 on using Wordpress and Accessibility. The talk was given by Domanique Alicia. (www.domanique.com)
Design for All is about ensuring that environments, products, services and interfaces work for people of all ages and abilities.
Design for All aims to enable all people to have equal opportunities to participate in every aspect of society.
We will cover:
1. Dimension
2. Perspective and Approach
3. Design Methods and Techniques
4. Interaction Technologies
5. Examples
Please enjoy and feel free to give feedback :)
Universal Design, Accessibility, and the Typing ExperienceUXAndrew
The term "universal design" describe the concept of designing products to be aesthetic and usable to the greatest extent possible by everyone, regardless of their age, ability, or status in life.
The typing experience, particularly on mobile and tablet devices, is a poor experience, but it's even worse for users with only one hand! If we were going to re-design cross-device typing systems, how would we go about it?
Through the lens of typists who only have the use of one hand or arm, this presentation outlines the difference between universal design and accessible design, and how universal design could be a step in the right direction toward creating a better typing experience for not only disabled typists, but for us all!
24 Hours of UX, 2023: Preventing the FutureJoshua Randall
On our current trajectory, the future of UX design will look much like the present, only worse. The gold rush mentality towards UX design as a “career” combined with Gresham’s Law (“bad money drives out good”) applied to design combined with automation from software platforms means we are increasing the pace at which bad designs proliferate. In this talk Joshua Randall will cite data from larger research companies like Baymard and Nielsen Norman Group as well as draw on examples from his career to paint a picture of the coming dystopia.
Designing, Developing & Testing for AccessibilityEric Malcolm
In this talk we will go over the basics of designing, developing and testing for accessibility. Including: Color Contrast, Sizing & Spacing, Device Independent User Input, Page Structure, Headings, Testing Tools, Extensions, Testing with a Screen Reader.
1 : https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/10-7-19.cfm
2 : https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/11-29-17c.cfm
3: https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/10-2-19b.cfm
4: https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/12-5-19a.cfm
5: https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/10-22-19.cfm
6: https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/10-2-18c.cfm
7: https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/12-30-19.cfm
8: https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/11-19-18.cfm
9: https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/10-25-16.cfm
Usability Test Template
1. Create a document with the following areas. You will use your document during the usability test next week.
2. Goal of the site:
Explain the goal of your site in 2-3 sentences.
3. User testing detail:
Name, phone, age, employment, special interests, and any other items you are interested in.
4. Pre-test questions:
Create three questions to ask your tester prior to the test. These questions should be aimed to gather information regarding your test as a potential user of the site.
5. Test tasks and schedule
· Write a series of steps for the user to follow in using your site. At a minimum the user should be able to navigate the site, check out the specials and subscribe to the newsletter.
· Attempt to gain information regarding how the user feels about the site.
· Use the “Talk Aloud” method of gaining user feedback.
6. Post-test debrief:
Come up with 3 questions to ask the user regarding their input about the site
7. Usability Scale
Use these items to rate your test’s feeling about the site. You may use the items as questions in the post-test debrief.
· Learnability: How easy is it for users to accomplish basic tasks the first time they encounter the design?
· Efficiency: Once users have learned the design, how quickly can they perform tasks?
· Memorability: When users return to the design after a period of not using it, how easily can they reestablish proficiency?
· Errors: How many errors do users make, how severe are these errors, and how easily can they recover from the errors?
· Satisfaction: How pleasant is it to use the design?
Design Principles
Some content from:
The Principles of Beautiful Web Design
(Jason Beaird and James George)
Principles of Web Design
(Joel Sklar)
1
Learning Outcomes
apply user-centred design principles and methods
understand and be able to follow a suitable design process
appreciate the design principles that make a “good” website
be able to apply these principles at a basic level
2
Design Process
somewhere between art, science, and problem solving
the process of creating a design comp
can be boiled down to:
discovery
exploration
implementation
3
What's a comp?
the word comp is an abbreviation of the phrase “comprehensive dummy” –
a term that comes from the print design world.
complete simulation of a printed layout created before the layout goes to press.
in Web design, a comp is an image of a layout that’s created before we ...
The Intersection of Usability, Accessibility, and SEODesignHammer
Presented by David Minton (Managing Partner) at
NCTech4Good Meetup (01/18/2012)
Note: This is essentially the same as the Wake Tech Community College presentation.
When considering a website’s optimal level of Usability, it becomes evident that the practices of SEO and Accessibility also factor greatly into this area of the website’s success. To achieve a website with a high degree of Usability, one must develop it with three audiences in mind; 1) average visitors, 2) disabled visitors, and 3) search engine robots. As each user browses through the site, there are hurdles to overcome such as interpreting hyperlinks, images, and flash files. While implementing a few techniques will improve the user experience for a particular audience, benefits can be found in the Usability improvement for all three. Through adequately preparing it to reach all three audiences, you are ensuring the site achieves the basic goal of effective online communication.
This presentation will cover the basics of Usability, Accessibility and SEO, how they are interrelated and discuss what solutions are available to serve each audience and improve overall website Usability.
Many developers have blinders when considering their technologies. We tend to fade out the sometimes hard-to-learn skills and hurdles in dealing with the system, and sometimes look contemptuously at other technologies that repeat the same mistakes that our community has already made.
We rant about the hurdles we have with our own system, but forgets about the many smart elements that comes for free.
This presentation is meant to be a self-critical analysis of our "Plone" system and the community behind it, and to provide a discussion stimulus for the future of Plone.
UXPA2019 Enhancing the User Experience for People with Disabilities: Top 10 ...UXPA International
An estimated 1.3 billion people globally report limitations in their daily activities due to a disability. When it comes to the physical world, businesses have made progress in accommodating customers with disabilities. But in the digital world, websites lack basic accessibility features such as text alternatives describing images, proper heading level structures so individuals who are blind and use screen readers can understand the content on a webpage, or captioning for multimedia content for individuals who are deaf or are hard of hearing – let alone assistive technology for customers who have trouble using mobile devices due to dexterity limitations that arise from a variety of conditions.
In this session, attendees will:
* Understand people with disabilities (PWDs) and how they use the web
* Learn about common barriers, issues and solutions
* Discover the different testing methodologies and their interdependencies
* Uncover ROI
In this talk we will go over the basics of accessibility and building it into your website. We will cover accessibility principles (POUR: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust), using screen readers, and approaches to achieving accessibility guidelines.
Learn about the basics of web accessibility: what it is, who it affects, why it matters, and some of the fundamental things you ought to be doing in your pages to make them more accessible.
There's a lot of content created. How can we make sure that we keep ranking as high as possible and how does Google sort it all out? Based on a small comparison with the Dutch DeltaWorks.
Beginners Guide To Web Accessibility - WordCamp UK July 2013Graham Armfield
A beginners guide to web accessibility. A presentation covering the definition of what web accessibility is, why it's important, what you can do about it, and when to think about it.
Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Top 5 Indian Style Modular Kitchen DesignsFinzo Kitchens
Get the perfect modular kitchen in Gurgaon at Finzo! We offer high-quality, custom-designed kitchens at the best prices. Wardrobes and home & office furniture are also available. Free consultation! Best Quality Luxury Modular kitchen in Gurgaon available at best price. All types of Modular Kitchens are available U Shaped Modular kitchens, L Shaped Modular Kitchen, G Shaped Modular Kitchens, Inline Modular Kitchens and Italian Modular Kitchen.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
4. “If you want to make your UI
so user-friendly that anyone
can use it, then everyone
should be able to use it
4
5. 5
“But the building's facade
doesn't look as good with a
wheelchair ramp”
- Some horrible person
“We can't have a handrail in
the stairwell, it would make it
look ugly”
- Another horrible person
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SSF_Main_
Library_wheelchair_ramp_1.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orange_sta
irwell._(2610265332).jpg
Imagine a real world analogy...
6. Australians with Serious Disability
6
Domain
% of Australian who “have a lot of
difficulty” or cannot perform tasks with
Seeing 0.9%
Hearing 1.6%
Walking or climbing stairs 4.1%
Remembering or concentrating 1.6%
Self care 0.9%
Communication 0.6%
Source: Supplementary Disability Survey, 2016
7. 18.3%Of Australians reported having a disability
7
Source: Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia: First Results, 2015
8. Beyond Disability
▪ Vision Impairment - including
▫ Colour Blindness, Myopia/Hyperopia, Eye-strain
▪ Cognitive Impairment
▫ Head injury, Autism, Developmental Disabilities,
ADHD, Dyslexia
▪ Motor or dexterity impairment
▫ Paralysis, Cerebral Palsy, Dyspraxia, Carpal Tunnel
▪ Hearing-related disabilities
▫ Deafness, Hard of hearing, or Hyperacusis.
8
9. My Personal Take on Accessibility
▪ I experience eye strain – I browse the web at 150% zoom
▪ My dad is inexperienced with technology – he can
struggle working out what is clickable
▪ My mum needs glasses to read the screen – small or low
contrast text is very problematic
▪ My cousin has RSI so using a mouse can be painful – he
prefers keyboard navigation
9
13. Legal Implications are Secondary
We OUGHT to pursue accessibility for the purposes
outlined in the previous section
To be pragmatic this section covers some basic
legal implications
REPEAT: I AM NOT A LAWYER
13
14. No EXPLICIT Legal Requirement
Australian law does not currently mandate any
accessibility requirements for non-government
organisations
14
15. Disability Discrimination
However, Australian law does mandate that
businesses do not discriminate against people with
disabilities, leaving the option open for legal
challenges by a disabled individual
15
16. No Certification Exists
There are no entities in Australia that are able to
legally certify a website or application as being
accessible
Organisations that provide accessibility consulting
are not backed with any regulatory or legal
framework for their services^
16 ^ This does not mean they aren’t worth engaging
17. Case: Sydney Olympics Website (1999)
“The HREOC's ruling set a precedent that creating a
website intended for use by and to inform the
general public, where such a website is more
accessible to a sighted user than the same intent
and information is not available for a user who is
blind by virtue of disability” [Applies to
Commonwealth Government Websites]
17
Source: A Cautionary Tale of Inaccessibility
18. Case: Coles Website (2015)
“The settlement follows the mutual agreement of
the parties to make further improvements to the
Coles website in respect of accessibility
enhancements suggested by Ms Mesnage”
18
Source: Settlement of Federal Court Proceedings
19. Case (USA): Hobby Lobby (2017)
“U.S. District Court for the Central District of
California denied Hobby Lobby’s motion to dismiss
a website accessibility lawsuit … decision further
calls into question the precedential value of the
Central District of California’s recent outlier holding
… which provided businesses with hope that the
tide of recent decisions might turn in their favor”
19
Source: U.S. District Court for the Central District of California denied Hobby Lobby’s motion
21. You Have to Want It
▪ You need empathy for those with accessibility
needs
▪ Be the change you want to see
▪ Don’t let your design be compromised by poor
accessibility
21
22. Team EffortHaving accessible apps and websites requires
designers, developers, and product owners,
all working together
22
23. Your Design Should Be...
Simple
Structured
Consistent
Intuitive
Redundant
23
These are obvious
What does this mean?
25. Bad
Only using colour to
differentiate a link
Redundancy Example #2
Good
Using both colour and underline
to differentiate a link
25
26. Bad
Only colour is used to convey an
error in the form
Redundancy Example #3
Good
Error is shown with text, colour,
and an icon
26
27. Why redundancy?
Most accessibility problems come from making
incorrect assumptions. E.g. assuming users...
▪ Can see
▪ Can tell the difference between red and green
▪ Understand internet conventions
▪ Are able to concentrate or focus
▪ Can hear the sound in the video
27
28. Avoid Hiding Content
28
If content is important don’t hide it. If it’s not
important why is it on the page? Hiding content
behind a click or a hover should be avoided.
29. Hiding Content has Interaction Costs
When you hide content behind a hover or click you
risk breaking the accessibility of a page. This is
especially true of hover.
Is there a way to avoid hiding content? Is there a
way to provide a summary of hidden content?
29
32. Colour Contrast
This text is low contrast
32
This would be
bad but the font
size makes up
for it
This is better
This is obviously
going to be
better
Check your contrast online: http://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/
33. Text Over Pictures?
Generally a bad idea
33
HOW’S MY
CONTRAST?
HOW ABOUT
MINE?
If your design allows text over a picture
you run the risk of content managers
creating accessibility problems.
Better to create an overlay instead
34. Disabled Buttons
34
The WCAG standard is not infallible. This is a case
where I disagree.
According to the WCAG
standard on contrast:
“Text or images of text that are part of
an inactive user interface component...
have no contrast requirement.”
36. 36
Normal Vision Deuteranopia
Protanopia Tritanopia
Types of Colour Blindness
Source: Types of Colourblindness (Note: there are other rarer types of colour blindness)
Did you know?
Worldwide 8% of men
and 0.5% of women
have a colour vision
deficiency
39. 39
Form Errors
▪ Form errors are definitely an area where you
should not use colour alone
▪ Use text and icons to further highlight errors
While we’re at it...
▪ Errors should tell users how to fix problems!
41. 41
Highlight Every Button and Link
▪ Keyboard users can use TAB to move between
links and other actionable elements
▪ When the keyboard has focus on an element
the user can press enter to perform an action
(e.g. go to the URL of the link)
▪ The element that is in focus should have a
highlight around it that is clearly distinguishable
from the background
42. 42
In both Sydney Morning Herald and News.com.au
● Most hyperlinks get an outline when they have
keyboard focus
● Except the social media icons - e.g. Facebook
icon only shows a focus outline on SMH
43. 43
Tab Order and DOM Order
▪ Stick to the default tab order in the DOM -
playing with tab order is problematic
▪ Normally we read left-to-right, but sometimes
secondary content appears on the left
▫ In this case the content that needs to be
read first should appear first in the DOM
▫ Position it to the left with appropriate floats
and flex values
45. Touch Area
45
▪ Ensure a large enough touch area on all clickable
items - especially links
▪ W3C recommends touch target sizes on screen
of at least: 9mm x 9mm
▪ Think about how this is impacted when many
hyperlinks are close together?
▪ Imagine what it’s like if precise motor control is
hard for the user
47. Responsive Zoom on Desktop
47
▪ Most responsive is designed so that the page
adjusts when resizing the browser
▪ This should work identically when users zoom in
to the page
▪ This tends to break if all measurements are
done in precise pixel values - instead of using
em or rem values
48. Don’t Disable Zoom on Mobile
48
▪ Many developers are putting in <meta> tags
that prevent users from zooming
▪ Users with eyesight difficulties should be able to
pinch zoom on mobile devices
50. Images and “alt text”
50
If an image adds meaning to content then it needs
to be given a textual representation. This is useful
not only for screen readers but also for SEO.
This needs to be done either as an alt tag or a
caption on the image^ (using the <figure> and
<figcaption> elements).
^See: Techniques for providing useful text alternatives from w3
51. 51
● The alt text on the image says “Amazon Echo” but this is
exactly the same as the heading
● This alt text should describe what the product is like, e.g.
“The Amazon Echo is a small dark cylinder with a speaker”
53. Primary Heading (H1)
Secondary heading (H2)
Tertiary Heading (H3)
Body copy text
53
It is important to have a clear visual hierarchy, both
with page structure and with vertical rhythm
Users with cognitive impairment will find well
structured pages easier to follow
Site Header
Page Header
Body
54. 54
Up-ending page structure with
highly visual elements can
negatively impact users with
cognitive impairment. This may
force them to lose their place on the
page and become confused.
This is especially bad with
animations (e.g. carousels, or things
that remain in motion on screen)
Site Header
Page Header
Body
Aside
Stand-
out
Aside
Footer
55. Affordances^
55
^ Well according to Don Norman (who introduced the term to UX) we’ll actually
be talking about signifiers; but most people continue to use affordance
56. 56
Smashing Magazine
Home Page Article Page
This article
heading is a link!
Clicking the link
goes to this
page
While the other links
are blue and the
buttons are raised!
These pages
also look
identical until
here
57. 57
Appearing Clickable/Tappable
▪ Links and buttons must have the affordance of
being clicked or tapped
▪ Do not use the same style on non-clickable
decorative items as you would on clickable ones
58. “
Clickable UI elements with absent or weak
visual signifiers condition users over time
to click and hover uncertainly across
pages — reducing efficiency and
increasing reliance on contextual cues and
immediate click feedback. Young adult
users may be better at perceiving subtle
clickability clues, but they don’t enjoy click
uncertainty any more than other age
groups.
58
Long-Term Exposure to Flat Design
Kate Mayer - Nielsen Norman Group
59. ▪ Flat UI is likely here to stay
▪ While it’s not a WCAG accessibility issue, it does
predominantly affect older users
▪ We can try to augment flat UI by including other
signifiers (e.g. shadows, icons)
At the very least we need consistency about what
is and what is not clickable
59
On Flat UI
61. “
A user’s understanding of an icon is based
on previous experience. Due to the
absence of a standard usage for most
icons, text labels are necessary to
communicate the meaning and reduce
ambiguity.
61
Icon Usability
Aurora Harley - Nielsen Norman Group
62. Headers from top 4^ ecommerce sites
62
Login
Search
^ According to alexa.com
63. Universal Icons are Rare
63
▪ According to research from Nielsen Norman
Group: “universal” icons are rare
▪ Search and Home are two of very few icons that
are recognised by almost all people
▪ The odds of your users knowing what you mean
by a specific icon are very low
▪ Consider the ecomm stores in the previous slide
- almost no icons came without a label
64. Icons Without Labels
64
▪ In order to support screen readers extra code is
required when icons have no labels
▪ Labels on icons help both sighted users and
non-sighted users
▪ Even on mobile it’s problematic - it saves space
at the cost of comprehension
65. Icons in Code
If an icon is purely decorative you need to make
sure that screen readers ignore it. For images alt=””
and for icon-fonts use aria-hidden=”true”.
Icons need very little Accessibility work if they are also
accompanied by explanatory labels
For a non-decorative icon with no label, check out
the Font Awesome Accessibility guidelines
65
67. Form Accessibility Is a Deep Topic
67
My presentation on “Designing Usable Forms”
contains a mix of design and development
discussion points for form design, including
accessibility
Follow design best practices on form design, e.g.
10 Rules for Efficient Form Design by Nick Babich
69. Exercise 1 - Keyboard Navigation
▪ Pick a reasonably large ecommerce store
▪ Imagine you have Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
▫ Using a mouse is physically painful
▫ You can click to start focus somewhere but
keep it to a minimum
▪ Find a particular item in the store
▫ Once using navigation, once using search
▪ Add the item to your cart and go to checkout
69
70. Exercise 1 - How did you go?
▪ We would expect that a task like this would
probably be slower using only a keyboard
▪ But it should at least be possible
▪ Were there any problems?
▫ Did you always know where the focus was?
▫ Were there things that were difficult to get
focus on?
▫ Did you complete the task?
70
71. Exercise 2 - Screen Reader
▪ Pick a registration form for a site you know
▪ Use Google Chrome
▫ Install the “Chrome Vox” extension
▪ Load the page with the registration form, then
turn on Vox
▪ Close your eyes or shut off your monitor, and
attempt to fill out the form using only the voice
prompts and your keyboard
71
72. Exercise 2 - How did you go?
▪ Were you able to successfully complete your
task?
▪ Looking at the page afterwards, was there
anything about the page that was not apparent
when using the screen reader?
72
74. Other Accessibility Tools
▪ Users may browse in “High Contrast Mode”
▪ Users may browse with images disabled
▪ Users may have their browser significantly
zoomed in (e.g. 400%)
▪ Users may be on a very slow internet
connection or old computer
▪ Users may be doing this particular task for the
very first time, or have difficulty learning it
74
75. Accessibility is a Big Topic
▪ Try to get the little things done
▪ Work with Accessibility experts where you can
to expand your knowledge
▪ Use a consulting firm to test your product with
actual users with accessibility needs
75