This document provides an orientation to a BBS project report on the introduction of SPSS. It covers topics such as an introduction to SPSS as a statistical analysis software, how to write a summary, discussion, and conclusion for a project report, and how to cite and reference sources using APA style. The document provides guidance on writing each section of the report and examples of in-text citations and references in APA format.

1. BBS Project Report Orientation
Date: 2074-09-11/17 December 2017
Introduction to SPSS
Summary
Discussion
Conclusion and Implications
Citation and Referencing
By:
Sajeeb K. Shrestha, PhD
Shanker Dev Campus, TU
1

2. 2
Introduction to SPSS

3. 33
...
 Statistical Package for Social Sciences
 Strong Data Analysis Software.
 Backbone of Quantitative Research.
 Widely used in the World

4. 4
Summary

5. 55
...
 Brief but specific statement of the project
report objectives methodology.
 Main theme of your project.
 Summary after you have finished the thesis
 Use your headings and table of contents as
a guide to writing your summary

6. 6
Discussion

7. 77
...
 Critically write up.
 Applying theory in an independent manner.
 Mainly consist of argumentation.
 To discuss means to question your findings,
and
 to consider different interpretations.
 In other words, you investigate the
phenomenon from several different
perspectives.

8. 8
Conclusion and Implications

9. 99
Conclusion
 Key facts of your research findings to help
explain your results as needed.
 Compare and evaluate your research
results in the context of existing theories,
and make comments about its success and
effectiveness.

10. 1010
...
 Not a summary.
 Belief based on your reasoning and on the
evidence you have accumulated.
 Inform the reader of any unexpected
findings or patterns that emerged from the
data.

11. 1111
Implication
 Theoretical/Practical Implications
 To Recommend - Remedial actions to solve
the problem.
 Further research to fill in gaps in our
understanding.
 Directions for future investigations on this
or related topics.

12. 12
Citation and Referencing

13. 1313
Preparing for Citation and
Referencing
 APA (American Psychological Association)
 MLA (Modern Language Association System)
 The Harvard System
 The Manual of University of Chicago
 The ACS Style

14. 1414
...
 APA Method of Citation
 Paraphrasing:
 Shrestha (2000) argued/depicted/advised
that………..
 Finance is the acquisition and utilization of funds
(Adhikari, 2016).
 Two authors:
 Malhotra and Das (2010) define marketing
research is………………….
 Marketing research is…………..(Malhotra & Das,
2010).

15. 1515
...
 More than two to five authors:
 First time cite surname
 Chaudhary, Adhikari, Sharma and Thapa (2013)
expressed their views as ………….
 Next time:
 Chaudhary et al. (2013)…..
 Author is unknown:
 (Anonymous, 2002)
 When date is not given:
 Pradhan (n.d.) found that

16. 1616
...
 Authors with same last name:
 To clear confusion, use fist initials with the last
name,
 (R. Thapa, 2009; S. Thapa, 2005)

17. 17

18. 1818
...
 APA Method of Referencing
 Present all the entries in this order:
 Author’s surname, initial of first name and middle
name
 Date
 Title
 Publication
 For Book (One author):
 Koirala, K.D. (2015). Fundamentals of marketing
research (1st
ed.). Kathmandu: M.K. Publishers and
Distributors.

19. 1919
...
 For Book (Two author):
 Koirala, K.D., & Gautam, D.K. (2015).
Fundamentals of marketing research (2nd
ed.).
Kathmandu: M.K. Publishers and Distributors.
 Journal Article:
 Gil, R.B., Andres, F., & Salinas, E.M. (2007).
Family as a source of consumer-based brand
equity. Journal of Product & Brand Management,
16(3), 188-199. DOI:
10.1108/10610420710751564.

20. 2020
...
 Edited Book:
 Singh, R., & Patel, G.N. (2014). Customer-based
brand equity measurement of sportswear segment
in India. In G.D. Sardana and T. Thatchenkery
(Eds.), Strategic initiatives for competitive
advantage in the knowledge society (pp. 86-99).
New Delhi: Bloomsbury Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.

21. 2121
...
 Websites:
 Ghimire, L. (n.d.). Kaccha padartha ra dakshya
janashakti abahav jheldai jutta udyog (Leather
shoes industry facing raw materials and skilled
manpower). Retrieved from
http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2070/10/2/full-
story/382555.html.
 Domestic leather shoes and footwares' exhibition
from tomorrow (n.d.). In Ekantipur. Retrieved from
http://www.harekpal.com/archive/full-story-
12716.html.

22.  https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resources/560/08
22

23. 23
Theses Resources

24. 24

25. 25
Thank You.