This document contains summaries of 4 qualitative research studies on intimate partner violence:
1. The first study interviewed abused women in Sweden about their experience leaving violent relationships. It identified fear, confusion from the partner's behavior changes, and worry for safety as driving forces to leave. External support also played a key role.
2. The second study interviewed battered women in Finland about coping with violence. It found they struggled to survive and escape total control by partners using threats and violence. Support from others was important in leaving.
3. The third study in the UK used interviews to understand how domestic abuse affected women's identity, sense of self, and resilience. It found culture and society influenced how abuse was perceived and
Caregivers’ perspective on non-fatal deliberate self harmiosrjce
This document summarizes a study examining caregivers' perspectives on non-fatal deliberate self-harm. Fifty patients who engaged in deliberate self-harm and were admitted to a hospital were evaluated. Caregivers of these patients were interviewed using a 15-item questionnaire to assess their attitudes. Common characteristics of the self-harm incidents were that they occurred when someone else was present and no suicide notes were left. The most common psychiatric diagnosis among patients was major depressive disorder. Most caregivers reported feeling shock, anger, and a need to overprotect the individual after the self-harm incident. A significant association was found between caregivers perceiving an unsympathetic family attitude and repetition of deliberate self-harm.
This research study examined psychology doctoral students' ability to correctly diagnose obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) based on case presentations. The study found that prior to a video intervention, students were less aware of and more likely to misdiagnose OCD presentations that did not involve contamination or symmetry obsessions. After viewing an educational video about OCD, students' rates of misdiagnosing OCD decreased significantly. The results suggest that graduate training in mental health could benefit from targeted education to improve identification of diverse OCD symptoms beyond just contamination and symmetry.
Prepared by louise kaplan, ph d, arnp, fnp bc, faanp senior pamit657720
This document provides a framework for critiquing research studies. It outlines 14 key aspects of a research article to evaluate, including the title, abstract, introduction, literature review, methods, analysis, results, discussion, limitations and conclusion. It recommends determining the level and quality of evidence using an appropriate scale. Finally, it asks the reader to decide if the study is applicable to their own practice. The overall purpose is to provide guidance on thoroughly reviewing and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of a research article.
This document summarizes a research study on the experiences of therapists who work with women and girls who have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM). The study aims to address the lack of research on the psychological impact of FGM and how it is managed therapeutically. It will use interviews to explore the understanding and experiences of therapists who have treated adult women with histories of FGM. The researcher hopes to gain insights into therapists' perspectives and identify ways to improve future practice and resources for working with this type of trauma. The study is being conducted by Farah Nadeem, a trainee counselling psychologist, as partial fulfillment of her doctoral studies.
Sample 3 bipolar on female adult populationNicole Valerio
Hello Sir
We are a premier academic writing agency with industry partners in UK, Australia and Middle East and over 15 years of experience. We are looking to establish long-term relationships with industry partners and would love to discuss this opportunity further with you.
Thanks & Regards
visit our website.
www.onlineassignmenthelp.com.au
www.freeassignmenthelp.com
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This thesis examined the effects of a sexual assault education program on college students' acceptance of rape myths. The study compared rape myth acceptance between students who took a class with sexual assault education (the treatment group) and students who did not (the control group). It also looked at differences between male and female students within the treatment group. The results showed that the treatment group had a significant decrease in rape myth acceptance after the class, while the control group did not. There were no significant differences found between males and females in the treatment group. This suggests that brief sexual assault education programs can effectively reduce college students' belief in rape myths.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document provides an overview of Jade Stevens' dissertation which examines the theoretical explanations of sexual offending. The dissertation will explore theories such as Finkelhor's Precondition Model, Marshall and Barbaree's Integrated Theory, and Ward and Siegert's Pathway Model to understand why some individuals are sexually attracted to children. It will also look at female sexual offenders and whether the theories apply differently. The document outlines Stevens' methodology, which will involve a literature review of existing research. It acknowledges some limitations around primary research due to ethical considerations of interviewing sexual offenders.
Caregivers’ perspective on non-fatal deliberate self harmiosrjce
This document summarizes a study examining caregivers' perspectives on non-fatal deliberate self-harm. Fifty patients who engaged in deliberate self-harm and were admitted to a hospital were evaluated. Caregivers of these patients were interviewed using a 15-item questionnaire to assess their attitudes. Common characteristics of the self-harm incidents were that they occurred when someone else was present and no suicide notes were left. The most common psychiatric diagnosis among patients was major depressive disorder. Most caregivers reported feeling shock, anger, and a need to overprotect the individual after the self-harm incident. A significant association was found between caregivers perceiving an unsympathetic family attitude and repetition of deliberate self-harm.
This research study examined psychology doctoral students' ability to correctly diagnose obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) based on case presentations. The study found that prior to a video intervention, students were less aware of and more likely to misdiagnose OCD presentations that did not involve contamination or symmetry obsessions. After viewing an educational video about OCD, students' rates of misdiagnosing OCD decreased significantly. The results suggest that graduate training in mental health could benefit from targeted education to improve identification of diverse OCD symptoms beyond just contamination and symmetry.
Prepared by louise kaplan, ph d, arnp, fnp bc, faanp senior pamit657720
This document provides a framework for critiquing research studies. It outlines 14 key aspects of a research article to evaluate, including the title, abstract, introduction, literature review, methods, analysis, results, discussion, limitations and conclusion. It recommends determining the level and quality of evidence using an appropriate scale. Finally, it asks the reader to decide if the study is applicable to their own practice. The overall purpose is to provide guidance on thoroughly reviewing and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of a research article.
This document summarizes a research study on the experiences of therapists who work with women and girls who have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM). The study aims to address the lack of research on the psychological impact of FGM and how it is managed therapeutically. It will use interviews to explore the understanding and experiences of therapists who have treated adult women with histories of FGM. The researcher hopes to gain insights into therapists' perspectives and identify ways to improve future practice and resources for working with this type of trauma. The study is being conducted by Farah Nadeem, a trainee counselling psychologist, as partial fulfillment of her doctoral studies.
Sample 3 bipolar on female adult populationNicole Valerio
Hello Sir
We are a premier academic writing agency with industry partners in UK, Australia and Middle East and over 15 years of experience. We are looking to establish long-term relationships with industry partners and would love to discuss this opportunity further with you.
Thanks & Regards
visit our website.
www.onlineassignmenthelp.com.au
www.freeassignmenthelp.com
www.btechndassignment.cheapassignmenthelp.co.uk
www.cheapassignmenthelp.com
www.cheapassignmenthelp.co.uk/
http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.net/
This thesis examined the effects of a sexual assault education program on college students' acceptance of rape myths. The study compared rape myth acceptance between students who took a class with sexual assault education (the treatment group) and students who did not (the control group). It also looked at differences between male and female students within the treatment group. The results showed that the treatment group had a significant decrease in rape myth acceptance after the class, while the control group did not. There were no significant differences found between males and females in the treatment group. This suggests that brief sexual assault education programs can effectively reduce college students' belief in rape myths.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document provides an overview of Jade Stevens' dissertation which examines the theoretical explanations of sexual offending. The dissertation will explore theories such as Finkelhor's Precondition Model, Marshall and Barbaree's Integrated Theory, and Ward and Siegert's Pathway Model to understand why some individuals are sexually attracted to children. It will also look at female sexual offenders and whether the theories apply differently. The document outlines Stevens' methodology, which will involve a literature review of existing research. It acknowledges some limitations around primary research due to ethical considerations of interviewing sexual offenders.
The student wrote a literature review on stigma toward the mentally ill. Three studies were reviewed that examined how contact reduces stigma. Martin et al. (2000) found people fear violence from and reject the mentally ill. Alexander and Link (2003) found increased contact reduces this fear and rejection. Corrigan et al. (2002) conducted two studies manipulating contact and found educating about myths alongside contact had the strongest impact on reducing stigma.
The study examined the effects of a counseling intervention on cancer patients. Fifty female cancer patients participated, with 13 receiving 10 counseling sessions focused on developing coping skills like optimism, perceived control over illness, and future orientation. Quantitative measures found the intervention significantly improved optimism, perceived control, symptom reporting, future outlook, and quality of life. Case studies of counseled patients also showed benefits from developing active coping strategies with social support. The results suggest psychological counseling can help cancer patients better manage their illness.
The document is a public relations proposal prepared by Axiom Public Relations for the Bowling Green State University Community of Care Coalition. It includes an opportunity statement, situation analysis based on secondary and primary research, target audiences, goals and objectives, strategies and tactics, promotional materials and budget, and evaluation plan. The proposal aims to address issues of sexual assault on campus and establish communication where victims feel comfortable reporting, while promoting the Coalition and generating awareness of sexual assault as a community issue.
This document analyzes how peers label and stigmatize other youth with mental illness using Modified Labeling Theory. It finds that self-labeling predicts negative outcomes for youth but some refuse clinical labels. Anti-stigma campaigns using contact with those with mental illness and youth-led initiatives show effectiveness, though effects may decline after the program ends. The theory is then used to evaluate components of anti-stigma campaigns.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Amanda Elder to the Wright Institute Graduate School of Psychology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Psychology. The dissertation sought to enrich the understanding of older transgender individuals' subjective experiences in psychotherapy throughout their lifespan. Elder conducted interviews with 9 transgender-identified participants ages 60-83 to discuss their significant psychotherapy experiences. A qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify themes in the data. The dissertation aimed to offer perspectives on psychotherapy experiences that are often overlooked due to transgender marginalization and to improve psychotherapeutic care for gender variant people.
2006 presentation at The European Health Psychology Conference in Bath: Can We Bury the Idea That Psychotherapy Extends the survival of Cancer Patients?
Mehta, Sunner, Crosby & Shrier 2011_What is SexClare Mehta
This document summarizes a study that investigated young women's definitions of sex through semi-structured interviews. The study found that young women's definitions of sex varied, with some including oral and anal sex and others not. Participants described factors like time between acts, condom use, and erection as defining separate sex events. Some saw sex beginning with foreplay while others defined it as beginning with vaginal penetration. Views also varied on when sex ended, such as with withdrawal or orgasm. Relationship type influenced some participants' definitions. The study concluded that variations in definitions may impact responses to clinical questions and understanding of STI risk.
Sociodemographic disparities in chronic pain...Paul Coelho, MD
This study uses 12 years of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine sociodemographic disparities in chronic pain among older American adults. It finds high and increasing prevalence of chronic pain over time. Multivariate analysis reveals large disparities in reported pain levels by sex, education, and wealth. There is no disadvantage in pain for racial/ethnic minorities after accounting for socioeconomic factors. Pain levels are predictive of mortality even a decade later. Measurement biases like reporting heterogeneity and mortality selection may impact estimates of social disparities in pain.
This study uses 12 years of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine sociodemographic disparities in chronic pain among older American adults. It finds high and increasing prevalence of chronic pain over time. Multivariate analysis reveals large disparities in reported pain levels by sex, education, and wealth. There is no disadvantage in pain for racial/ethnic minorities after accounting for socioeconomic factors. Pain levels are predictive of mortality even a decade later. Reporting heterogeneity, nonresponse bias, and mortality selection do not appear to meaningfully impact estimates of social disparities in pain.
Note this is not my case scenario at all. it is just how i want mamit657720
The document discusses a mental health assessment of a 16-year-old boy named Shawn who was brought to an outpatient clinic by his mother. The practitioner must work to engage Shawn in the assessment since he did not want to be there. The assessment aims to understand the chief complaint, make a diagnosis, identify the cause of issues, and develop a treatment plan while also assessing risk of suicide or homicide. The practitioner maintained good eye contact and listened well to Shawn. Areas for improvement include exploring why Shawn does not like school, obtaining more information about Shawn's relationship with his mother, and using open-ended questions.
This document provides an overview of descriptive epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology involves studying the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, without comparing groups. The main objectives are to describe the incidence, prevalence, and natural history of diseases and their distribution according to person, place and time. Descriptive studies make hypotheses about potential causes, but do not confirm them due to the lack of a comparison group. Key steps include defining the population and disease, describing disease distribution by time, place and person, measuring disease occurrence, comparing to known indices, and formulating etiological hypotheses.
The document provides an overview of epidemiology. It begins with definitions and history, then covers components, aims, principles, classifications, and descriptive epidemiology. Procedures discussed include defining the population and disease, describing disease distribution by time, place and person, measurement, and formulating hypotheses. Descriptive studies are meant to observe disease distribution and identify associated characteristics rather than test hypotheses. The document outlines types of descriptive studies and how epidemiology can describe disease occurrence and distribution.
This document provides an overview of analytical epidemiology studies, specifically case-control studies and cohort studies. It defines epidemiology and describes the two main types of analytical studies - case-control studies which are retrospective and look backward from the effect to the cause, and cohort studies which are prospective and look forward from cause to effect. The key steps of each study type are outlined, including selection of cases/controls, measurement of exposure, and analysis. Potential sources of bias are also discussed.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); This pilot study investigated the efficacy of cognitive group interventions in reducing traumatic stress and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission behaviors in HIV seropositive women survivors of childhood sexual abuse.
P A T I E N T P E R S P E C T I V E SThe lived experience .docxgerardkortney
P A T I E N T P E R S P E C T I V E S
The lived experience of women victims of intimate partner violence
Alice Yuen Loke, Mei Lan Emma Wan and Mark Hayter
Aims and objectives. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the lived experience of female victims of intimate partner
violence.
Background. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex and prevalent social problem associated with significant impairment
in the physical and psychological health of victims.
Design. Exploratory, qualitative design.
Methods. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among nine IPV female victims who presented themselves at an emergency
department of a regional hospital. Data were subject to thematic analysis.
Results. Victims are often ashamed to disclose their situation and reluctant to seek help, afraid of being ridiculed or ignored.
Violent experiences also lead to low self-esteem, depression, and suicidal ideas. They are ambivalent about staying in an abusive
relationship and endure violent incidents in silence until they cannot tolerate any more and seek help at an emergency
department. They have negative experiences in help-seeking: other family members and health professionals coloured by
cultural restraints generally ignore their complaints and need for help.
Conclusions. Provided a preliminary understanding of the experience of Chinese women in Hong Kong. In support of these
women’s help-seeking behaviours, continuing education programmes are needed to better prepare health professionals for
caring for these women.
Relevance to clinical practice. Health professionals should be astute in identifying IPV victims with whom they come into
contact at work. They should assess the immediate physical and emotional needs of these women, be empathetic, show
acceptance, extend a helping hand and assess home safety before discharge.
Key words: Chinese women, intimate partner violence, lived experience
Accepted for publication: 26 February 2012
Introduction
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious social health
concern worldwide (WHO 2002). Reports from various
studies indicate a high prevalence of IPV in all societies.
Although Hong Kong is a westernised society, no matter how
productive or independent women in Hong Kong are, they
are no exception to this prevalence. A review of studies
conducted in different parts of China reported the average
lifetime and annual prevalence of male on female IPV as
19Æ7% and 16Æ8%, respectively, for any type of violence
(Tang & Lai 2008). Another study, which surveyed a total of
1132 women in Hong Kong, concluded that marital dissat-
isfaction and age difference within a couple are predictors of
IPV (Tang 1999).Although prevalence and causal factors
have been reported quantitatively, there has been no in-depth
Authors: Alice Yuen Loke, RN, PhD, Professor, School of Nursing,
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon; Mei Lan Emma
Wan RN, MSc, Registered Nurse, Accident & Emerg.
This document summarizes a qualitative study examining the psychological consequences of infertility among Iranian women seeking infertility treatment. The study identified 4 main themes: 1) Cognitive reactions to infertility like mental engagement and psychological turmoil. 2) Cognitive reactions to treatment including turmoil, reduced self-esteem, and feelings of failure. 3) Emotional reactions to infertility such as fear, anxiety, loneliness, grief, and regret. 4) Emotional reactions to treatment including fear, fatigue, grief, and hopelessness. The study found Iranian infertile women face significant psychological problems from infertility and its treatment, which are often not adequately addressed in the Iranian cultural and medical context.
Here is the presentation that I did for the Rosa Parks lecture at UNLV on Feb. 10, 2010. The presentation is entitled, "Reproductive Health, Social Determinants, Health Disparities, and Public Policy: Let\'s Come Up with Solutions." This presentation reviews some of the work that I have done over the years to bring me to some key conclusions. If you have any questions or comments about the presenation, please do not hesitate to contact me.
The document summarizes an analysis of a sexual risk reduction (HIV/AIDS) intervention program for African American women led by Ralph DiClemente. The randomized controlled trial aimed to increase consistent condom use through skills training based on social cognitive theory and the theory of gender and power. Results found women in the intervention had 2.1-4.1 higher odds of consistent condom use and improved communication compared to the control group. However, the study had limitations like not measuring long-term condom use and a p-value above 0.05, indicating no significant association between treatment and other factors.
Stigma, violence, and the lack of confidentiality: The need for comprehensi...Irma Kirtadze M.D.
Women who use drugs in Georgia face significant stigma and lack access to confidential and women-centered treatment services. Through interviews with 55 women, the study found high levels of physical, sexual, and emotional violence. Societal stigma prevents women from seeking help for substance use issues or health problems. The few existing services do not ensure privacy or have separate facilities for women. There is a need for empowering and skills-based treatment that addresses the trauma and unique needs of women to help them overcome stigma and regain independence.
This document summarizes 4 research studies related to postpartum depression among low-income populations. The first study examined using an interactive voice response system for postpartum depression screening among low-income mothers. It found high rates of screening participation but low follow-up rates. The second study evaluated multiple domains of stress and found culture-specific stress was associated with depressive symptoms. The third study piloted a problem-solving therapy intervention and found it reduced depressive symptoms. The final study examined using text messages as an adjunct therapy for postpartum depression and found it was a feasible approach.
This document describes a study that examined how self-monitoring personality types and the presence of friends or strangers affects bystander intervention in emergency situations. The study found:
1) There was a significant interaction between self-monitoring and familiarity that affected bystander intervention. High self-monitors were more likely to intervene with strangers, while low self-monitors were more likely to intervene with friends.
2) Familiarity alone (friends vs strangers) did not significantly impact bystander intervention.
3) Contrary to predictions, high self-monitors did not show higher rates of intervention overall, and low self-monitors did not show lower rates. Medium self-monitors actually had the highest intervention scores
The student wrote a literature review on stigma toward the mentally ill. Three studies were reviewed that examined how contact reduces stigma. Martin et al. (2000) found people fear violence from and reject the mentally ill. Alexander and Link (2003) found increased contact reduces this fear and rejection. Corrigan et al. (2002) conducted two studies manipulating contact and found educating about myths alongside contact had the strongest impact on reducing stigma.
The study examined the effects of a counseling intervention on cancer patients. Fifty female cancer patients participated, with 13 receiving 10 counseling sessions focused on developing coping skills like optimism, perceived control over illness, and future orientation. Quantitative measures found the intervention significantly improved optimism, perceived control, symptom reporting, future outlook, and quality of life. Case studies of counseled patients also showed benefits from developing active coping strategies with social support. The results suggest psychological counseling can help cancer patients better manage their illness.
The document is a public relations proposal prepared by Axiom Public Relations for the Bowling Green State University Community of Care Coalition. It includes an opportunity statement, situation analysis based on secondary and primary research, target audiences, goals and objectives, strategies and tactics, promotional materials and budget, and evaluation plan. The proposal aims to address issues of sexual assault on campus and establish communication where victims feel comfortable reporting, while promoting the Coalition and generating awareness of sexual assault as a community issue.
This document analyzes how peers label and stigmatize other youth with mental illness using Modified Labeling Theory. It finds that self-labeling predicts negative outcomes for youth but some refuse clinical labels. Anti-stigma campaigns using contact with those with mental illness and youth-led initiatives show effectiveness, though effects may decline after the program ends. The theory is then used to evaluate components of anti-stigma campaigns.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Amanda Elder to the Wright Institute Graduate School of Psychology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Psychology. The dissertation sought to enrich the understanding of older transgender individuals' subjective experiences in psychotherapy throughout their lifespan. Elder conducted interviews with 9 transgender-identified participants ages 60-83 to discuss their significant psychotherapy experiences. A qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify themes in the data. The dissertation aimed to offer perspectives on psychotherapy experiences that are often overlooked due to transgender marginalization and to improve psychotherapeutic care for gender variant people.
2006 presentation at The European Health Psychology Conference in Bath: Can We Bury the Idea That Psychotherapy Extends the survival of Cancer Patients?
Mehta, Sunner, Crosby & Shrier 2011_What is SexClare Mehta
This document summarizes a study that investigated young women's definitions of sex through semi-structured interviews. The study found that young women's definitions of sex varied, with some including oral and anal sex and others not. Participants described factors like time between acts, condom use, and erection as defining separate sex events. Some saw sex beginning with foreplay while others defined it as beginning with vaginal penetration. Views also varied on when sex ended, such as with withdrawal or orgasm. Relationship type influenced some participants' definitions. The study concluded that variations in definitions may impact responses to clinical questions and understanding of STI risk.
Sociodemographic disparities in chronic pain...Paul Coelho, MD
This study uses 12 years of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine sociodemographic disparities in chronic pain among older American adults. It finds high and increasing prevalence of chronic pain over time. Multivariate analysis reveals large disparities in reported pain levels by sex, education, and wealth. There is no disadvantage in pain for racial/ethnic minorities after accounting for socioeconomic factors. Pain levels are predictive of mortality even a decade later. Measurement biases like reporting heterogeneity and mortality selection may impact estimates of social disparities in pain.
This study uses 12 years of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine sociodemographic disparities in chronic pain among older American adults. It finds high and increasing prevalence of chronic pain over time. Multivariate analysis reveals large disparities in reported pain levels by sex, education, and wealth. There is no disadvantage in pain for racial/ethnic minorities after accounting for socioeconomic factors. Pain levels are predictive of mortality even a decade later. Reporting heterogeneity, nonresponse bias, and mortality selection do not appear to meaningfully impact estimates of social disparities in pain.
Note this is not my case scenario at all. it is just how i want mamit657720
The document discusses a mental health assessment of a 16-year-old boy named Shawn who was brought to an outpatient clinic by his mother. The practitioner must work to engage Shawn in the assessment since he did not want to be there. The assessment aims to understand the chief complaint, make a diagnosis, identify the cause of issues, and develop a treatment plan while also assessing risk of suicide or homicide. The practitioner maintained good eye contact and listened well to Shawn. Areas for improvement include exploring why Shawn does not like school, obtaining more information about Shawn's relationship with his mother, and using open-ended questions.
This document provides an overview of descriptive epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology involves studying the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, without comparing groups. The main objectives are to describe the incidence, prevalence, and natural history of diseases and their distribution according to person, place and time. Descriptive studies make hypotheses about potential causes, but do not confirm them due to the lack of a comparison group. Key steps include defining the population and disease, describing disease distribution by time, place and person, measuring disease occurrence, comparing to known indices, and formulating etiological hypotheses.
The document provides an overview of epidemiology. It begins with definitions and history, then covers components, aims, principles, classifications, and descriptive epidemiology. Procedures discussed include defining the population and disease, describing disease distribution by time, place and person, measurement, and formulating hypotheses. Descriptive studies are meant to observe disease distribution and identify associated characteristics rather than test hypotheses. The document outlines types of descriptive studies and how epidemiology can describe disease occurrence and distribution.
This document provides an overview of analytical epidemiology studies, specifically case-control studies and cohort studies. It defines epidemiology and describes the two main types of analytical studies - case-control studies which are retrospective and look backward from the effect to the cause, and cohort studies which are prospective and look forward from cause to effect. The key steps of each study type are outlined, including selection of cases/controls, measurement of exposure, and analysis. Potential sources of bias are also discussed.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); This pilot study investigated the efficacy of cognitive group interventions in reducing traumatic stress and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission behaviors in HIV seropositive women survivors of childhood sexual abuse.
P A T I E N T P E R S P E C T I V E SThe lived experience .docxgerardkortney
P A T I E N T P E R S P E C T I V E S
The lived experience of women victims of intimate partner violence
Alice Yuen Loke, Mei Lan Emma Wan and Mark Hayter
Aims and objectives. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the lived experience of female victims of intimate partner
violence.
Background. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex and prevalent social problem associated with significant impairment
in the physical and psychological health of victims.
Design. Exploratory, qualitative design.
Methods. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among nine IPV female victims who presented themselves at an emergency
department of a regional hospital. Data were subject to thematic analysis.
Results. Victims are often ashamed to disclose their situation and reluctant to seek help, afraid of being ridiculed or ignored.
Violent experiences also lead to low self-esteem, depression, and suicidal ideas. They are ambivalent about staying in an abusive
relationship and endure violent incidents in silence until they cannot tolerate any more and seek help at an emergency
department. They have negative experiences in help-seeking: other family members and health professionals coloured by
cultural restraints generally ignore their complaints and need for help.
Conclusions. Provided a preliminary understanding of the experience of Chinese women in Hong Kong. In support of these
women’s help-seeking behaviours, continuing education programmes are needed to better prepare health professionals for
caring for these women.
Relevance to clinical practice. Health professionals should be astute in identifying IPV victims with whom they come into
contact at work. They should assess the immediate physical and emotional needs of these women, be empathetic, show
acceptance, extend a helping hand and assess home safety before discharge.
Key words: Chinese women, intimate partner violence, lived experience
Accepted for publication: 26 February 2012
Introduction
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious social health
concern worldwide (WHO 2002). Reports from various
studies indicate a high prevalence of IPV in all societies.
Although Hong Kong is a westernised society, no matter how
productive or independent women in Hong Kong are, they
are no exception to this prevalence. A review of studies
conducted in different parts of China reported the average
lifetime and annual prevalence of male on female IPV as
19Æ7% and 16Æ8%, respectively, for any type of violence
(Tang & Lai 2008). Another study, which surveyed a total of
1132 women in Hong Kong, concluded that marital dissat-
isfaction and age difference within a couple are predictors of
IPV (Tang 1999).Although prevalence and causal factors
have been reported quantitatively, there has been no in-depth
Authors: Alice Yuen Loke, RN, PhD, Professor, School of Nursing,
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon; Mei Lan Emma
Wan RN, MSc, Registered Nurse, Accident & Emerg.
This document summarizes a qualitative study examining the psychological consequences of infertility among Iranian women seeking infertility treatment. The study identified 4 main themes: 1) Cognitive reactions to infertility like mental engagement and psychological turmoil. 2) Cognitive reactions to treatment including turmoil, reduced self-esteem, and feelings of failure. 3) Emotional reactions to infertility such as fear, anxiety, loneliness, grief, and regret. 4) Emotional reactions to treatment including fear, fatigue, grief, and hopelessness. The study found Iranian infertile women face significant psychological problems from infertility and its treatment, which are often not adequately addressed in the Iranian cultural and medical context.
Here is the presentation that I did for the Rosa Parks lecture at UNLV on Feb. 10, 2010. The presentation is entitled, "Reproductive Health, Social Determinants, Health Disparities, and Public Policy: Let\'s Come Up with Solutions." This presentation reviews some of the work that I have done over the years to bring me to some key conclusions. If you have any questions or comments about the presenation, please do not hesitate to contact me.
The document summarizes an analysis of a sexual risk reduction (HIV/AIDS) intervention program for African American women led by Ralph DiClemente. The randomized controlled trial aimed to increase consistent condom use through skills training based on social cognitive theory and the theory of gender and power. Results found women in the intervention had 2.1-4.1 higher odds of consistent condom use and improved communication compared to the control group. However, the study had limitations like not measuring long-term condom use and a p-value above 0.05, indicating no significant association between treatment and other factors.
Stigma, violence, and the lack of confidentiality: The need for comprehensi...Irma Kirtadze M.D.
Women who use drugs in Georgia face significant stigma and lack access to confidential and women-centered treatment services. Through interviews with 55 women, the study found high levels of physical, sexual, and emotional violence. Societal stigma prevents women from seeking help for substance use issues or health problems. The few existing services do not ensure privacy or have separate facilities for women. There is a need for empowering and skills-based treatment that addresses the trauma and unique needs of women to help them overcome stigma and regain independence.
This document summarizes 4 research studies related to postpartum depression among low-income populations. The first study examined using an interactive voice response system for postpartum depression screening among low-income mothers. It found high rates of screening participation but low follow-up rates. The second study evaluated multiple domains of stress and found culture-specific stress was associated with depressive symptoms. The third study piloted a problem-solving therapy intervention and found it reduced depressive symptoms. The final study examined using text messages as an adjunct therapy for postpartum depression and found it was a feasible approach.
This document describes a study that examined how self-monitoring personality types and the presence of friends or strangers affects bystander intervention in emergency situations. The study found:
1) There was a significant interaction between self-monitoring and familiarity that affected bystander intervention. High self-monitors were more likely to intervene with strangers, while low self-monitors were more likely to intervene with friends.
2) Familiarity alone (friends vs strangers) did not significantly impact bystander intervention.
3) Contrary to predictions, high self-monitors did not show higher rates of intervention overall, and low self-monitors did not show lower rates. Medium self-monitors actually had the highest intervention scores
Exposing Gender Bias When Considering Male and Female AuthorsPatti Cottonaro
This study investigated potential gender bias in evaluating identical academic articles. Participants read one of two versions of an article that differed only in gendered names - one with all male names and one with all female names. Those who read the male-centric version gave it a statistically significantly higher score than those who read the female-centric version, suggesting the presence of unconscious gender bias favoring male authors. The results supported the hypothesis that identical work would be judged more favorably if authored by a man rather than a woman.
Internet-Based Self-Help With Therapist Feedback and In Vivo G.docxvrickens
Internet-Based Self-Help With Therapist Feedback and In Vivo Group
Exposure for Social Phobia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Gerhard Andersson and Per Carlbring
Linköping University
Annelie Holmström
Karolinska Institute
Elisabeth Sparthan, Tomas Furmark,
Elisabeth Nilsson-Ihrfelt, and Monica Buhrman
Uppsala University
Lisa Ekselius
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Sixty-four individuals with social phobia (social anxiety disorder) were assigned to a multimodal
cognitive– behavioral treatment package or to a waiting list control group. Treatment consisted of a
9-week, Internet-delivered, self-help program that was combined with 2 group exposure sessions in real
life and minimal therapist contact via e-mail. Results were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis,
including all randomized participants. From pre- to posttest, treated participants in contrast to controls
showed significant improvement on most measured dimensions (social anxiety scales, general anxiety
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d � 0.87 and 0.70, respectively. Treatment gains were maintained at 1-year follow-up. The results from
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people diagnosed with social phobia.
Keywords: Internet treatment, social anxiety disorder, minimal therapist contact, clinical significance
Social phobia (also known as social anxiety disorder) is asso-
ciated with substantial impairment in quality of life (Safren, Heim-
berg, Brown, & Holle, 1997) and is highly prevalent (Furmark,
2002). As evidenced by several trials, there are effective psycho-
social treatments for social phobia (Heimberg, 2001). However, far
from all sufferers seek treatment (Baldwin & Buis, 2004). Barriers
to accessing expert assistance include shortage of skilled thera-
pists, long waiting lists, and costs. These barriers particularly
disadvantage geographically isolated people, such as those in
regional and rural areas where traveling time is an added burden.
Another problem is that those with generalized social phobia may
not seek therapy because of the fear or embarrassment associated
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2003). Therefore, a major challenge is to increase the accessibility
and affordability of evidence-based psychological treatments for
social phobia.
Printed self-help manuals have been developed to assist people
with mental health problems who are unwilling or unable to access
professional assistance, although there has been little evaluation of
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native to printed self-help manuals is computers (Proudfoot, 2004).
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assessment, diagnosis, and education (Gruber, Moran, Roth, &
Taylor, 2001) but most controversial has been their use for psy-
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Similar to Battered women syndrome;Intimate Partner Violence (20)
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Battered women syndrome;Intimate Partner Violence
1. Click to add Text
BATTERED WOMEN SYNDROME
&
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH REVIEWS
BensonBabu.,Mpharm,MPH.
2. 1.Intimate partner violence and the leaving
process: Interviews with
abused women
MARIA SCHEFFER LINDGREN, PhD student & BARBRO RENCK, Associate Professor
Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Public
health, Karlstad University, Sweden
International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 3:2, 113-
124,
Purpose: To increase the understanding of abused women’s
experience of leaving heterosexual violent relationships, and
aimed to gain deeper knowledge about how the leaving process
works, from the first thoughts about leave or efforts to leave, until
the final physical break up.
Methods: Constructivist grounded theory and method is
used
for data collection and analysis. Grounded theory
emerged from Glaser and Strauss (1967)
3. Methods employed
Data-collection-2005-06
in-depth interviews
14-Women living in
heterosexual
relationships in different
parts of Sweden.
Contact with the
respondents was
gained through;
Shelters for battered
women, from crime
victim shelters, one
lawyer and from private
contacts.
At the time for the interviews,
all of the women had at
least physically, left their
relationships, which was the
criteria for participating.
The relations had endured from
about one year to
approximately 16Years. and
the definitive break up had
taken place some time
during the last five years,
except from one relation
that ended earlier. The
respondents’ characteristics
varied by age (from 25
years to 50 years at the
time of interview)
4. CONT…….
12-Swedish
1-Arabic
1-Norwegian
12-mothers
Open interview with few pre formulated questions.
FINDINGS
Fearfulness as a driving force to leave, related to three key
categories: Restraining break up, Balancing between leaving and
staying, Release turning point.
5.
6. conclusion
Many factors which are depended upon the leaving of women:
Sense of disquiet
Increasing fear of gradually emerging men's violence.
Confusion between men’s oscillation between tenderness
and violence.
Fear of men and their deviating behavior.
Worry and safety concerning their own safety
Children!
External human support played a vital role in leaving.
7. 2. Fighting for survival and escape from violence:
Interviews with battered
women
ANETTE M. E. HA¨GGBLOM & ANDERS R. MO¨ LLER
Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden
International Journal of Qualitative Studies
on Health and Well-being, 2:3, 169-178,
PURPOSE:
In this study, the women’s perspectives were highlighted with
the aim of gaining a deeper understanding of what being
battered means to women and the strategies they use to
handle the situation.
METHODS:
Subjects:9 battered women (separated from spouses)
The relationships had lasted from one and half years to 23 years.
The perpetrators, as far as the women knew, had experienced
violence in their childhood.
8. Cont….
All of the women also reported mental, verbal, and emotional
abuse from their partners, which included belittling
comments, degrading remarks, and controlling,
manipulative behavior.
Three of the women had experienced sexual abuse. In one case,
the woman’s daughter had been molested by the partner, and in
two cases the children had experienced violence.
Procedure:
In-depth interviews
Setting –Home (according to the women’s preferences) local
community women-Finland
Period-June 2004-June-2005.
9. Result
The core category in this study has been conceptualized
as fighting for survival and escape.
The abused women’s lives were closely tied up to the
abusive partner, who most often totally controlled them
and entrapped them.
Three categories emerged from the interviews
with the battered women and they were related to
develop the core category
The categories that were;
Having a personal construct of violence,
Struggling to cope with the violence,
Feeling a need for support.
10.
11. conclusion
The results of this study show that even though the
battered women’s partners used threats and slaps,
and arranged lethal accidents, all the women had
been able to escape the torture.
The study also shows the importance of a supportive
‘other’ playing a major role in leave-taking…
12. 3.Women’s Understanding of the Effects of Domestic
Abuse: The Impact on Their Identity, Sense of Self
and Resilience. A Grounded Theory Approach
By Emma Crawford1, Helen Liebling-Kalifani2 and Vicki Hill
journal of International Women's Studies, 11(2),63-82
PURPOSE
This study aimed to explore the unique perspectives of
women who have experienced domestic abuse in order to
gain an understanding of their experiences, their perceived
identity, sense of self and resilience.
METHODS
A grounded theory approach was considered to be the most
appropriate methodology as the study wished to explore
women’s in-depth experiences
13. CONT….
The aim of the study was for women to generate their
own views about how they were affected by their experiences.
As this research focused on women’s experiences of domestic
abuse, a highly sensitive area, the principles of feminist
research were also adhered to. These included advocating
conscious partiality, anon-hierarchical relationship and an
interactive research process, as recommended by Bergen
(1993). In line with feminist research methods the study also
aimed for further empowerment of women participants.
Participants were recruited from mothers of children who attended
a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) run by
Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Partnership Trust.
All participants in the women’s group were over 18 years of age,
had at least one child, and were no longer in an abusive
relationship. No previous research had been carried out to
evaluate the group
14. Cont………
Semi-structured interview-1 hour -45 min
Each interview concluded with a brief review of the
participant’s emotional state and gave the opportunity for
women to discuss their views and experiences.
RESULTS
Following analysis forty eight lower order and six high
order categories were identified. Eventually when no
further meanings were obtained and saturation of the data
was reached, selective coding then enabled development of
the theory
15.
16. CONCLUTION
Analysis of the interviews suggested that women’s
identity and sense of self are strongly influenced by
the culture and society in which they lived.
These influences affected their decisions to
attempt to persevere in an abusive relationship.
This resulted in the women feeling ashamed of the
abuse, blamed and ultimately silenced.
Families, friends and communities appeared unable
or unwilling to offer support further disempowering
the women.
17. CONT…..
Women interviewed were reluctant to seek help for
themselves and prioritized the needs of their children.
Services need to be aware of this and consider the
implementation of integrated working to support the
needs of whole families, offering ‘joined up’ services to
women and their children.
Services need to be responsive to the needs of women
and offer ongoing support after the abusive relationship
has ended to enhance the development of resilience.
18. 4.Experiences of being screened for intimate partner violence
during pregnancy: a qualitative study of women in Japan
Yaeko Kataoka1* and Mikiko Imazeki2
BMC Women's Health (2018) 18:75
PURPOSE- Study aimed to conduct semi-structured
interviews with postpartum women who received IPV
screening during pregnancy to investigate women’s
experiences of reading and completing the IPV screening
questionnaire.
METHODS-The first part of this study was a descriptive
IPV survey with a purposive sample of women. The
second part of the study was qualitative using content
analysis of semi-structured interviews of the same
sample.
This study was conducted in a general hospital that provide
antenatal to postpartum care in a city of the Nagano region.
19. CONT….
Eligibility: Pregnant women whose due day was from the
beginning of October through the end of November 2011
and planning on giving birth at the general hospital, and
who were: (1) Japanese speaking, (2) had no severe
complications and (3) able to participate in the informed
consent process.
IPV screening was conducted at the prenatal checkup at
35 weeks and onwards of pregnancy. Because at 35
weeks checkup women have an opportunity to consult with
a midwife, conducted IPV screening with self-
administrated questionnaire at a privacy-secured
room without her partner and other family members
after midwife’s consultation.
20. ContI…..……..
The screening instrument used was the VAWS .VAWS is a 3-
point Likert Scale comprised of seven items dealing with
physical, psychological and sexual violence. Participants
could respond: never = 0; sometimes= 1; or often = 2. A
score of 2 points or more indicated IVP.
In addition to the VAWS, demographic information about
the participants was also collected such as age, marital
status, family configuration, educational background,
employment status, annual income, parity, and information
about the woman’s partner.
21. Cont…..
Interview to evaluate IPV screening during pregnancy was
conducted on the 3rd - 4th day after vaginal delivery, or the
5th - 6th day after cesarean delivery during their hospital
stay.
RESULTS
A total 37.2% of participants responded “sometimes” for the
question “Is it difficult to settle by talking arguments
between you and your partner?”, and 14% of participants
responded“sometimes” for “feel frightened by their partner”
and“Has your partner screamed and /or yelled at you?”
“Sometimes” was answered by 4.7% for the question of“hit
the wall or thrown object”. One woman
responded“sometimes” for sexual violence, and also one
woman responded “sometimes” for physical violence.
22. Cont..
There were 8 women (18.6%) who screened positive for IPV
during pregnancy; in other words their VAWS score exceeded the
cut-off of 2 points or greater and one was referred to the
counseling center.
As a result of in-depth interviews, women’s experiences regarding
IPV screening during pregnancy using the VAWS questionnaire
were categorized into three themes:necessity,acceptability and
optimality
CONCLUTION
Evaluations by women who experienced IPV screening
indicated that the majority did not find it uncomfortable.
Although there were a few negative opinions about IPV
screening, such as concern if their husband found out,
.
23. Cont………….
Interestingly among the positive opinions were comments
about how the questions begin a fruitful reflective process
about their marital relation plus it increased their
awareness of IPV.
This study clarified the evaluation of IPV screening from the
women’s viewpoint. In order to support women’s health and
safety, greater awareness about IPV by health care
providers and promotion of IPV screening is required.
24. 5.How Employment Helps Female Victims of Intimate Partner
Violence: A Qualitative Study
ROTHMAN, HATHAWAY, STIDSEN, AND DE VRIES
Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
2007, Vol. 12, No. 2, 136–143;
PURPOSE
This study investigation was informed by this theoretical
perspective; we hypothesized that female victims of IPV would
report that the financial and social benefits of employment
improved possibilities for escape from abusive partnerships.
METHODS
Between March 2001 and April 2002, we conducted semi
structured interviews with 21 female employees of an urban
hospital and health care organization that employs roughly 16,000
individuals.
25. Cont…..
Interview format was used as the method of data
collection, rather than a survey,. Interviews were conducted
by two female social work graduate students interning with
the IPV specialists in the organization’s EAP office.
Each participant took part in a 1-hr confidential interview in
a private room in the EAP office.
Questions were asked verbatim in the order written.
Schedule included 32 closed-ended and 35 open ended
questions. Responses were recorded by the interviewers on
the interview schedule.
26. Cont…..
Interviews covered a wide range of topics including the
effect of IPV on task performance and absenteeism, career
advancement, whether participants had disclosed the fact
that they were abused to their supervisors or coworkers,
and whether participants felt that work helped them cope
with abuse.
27.
28. conclusion
It is noteworthy that participants in this study commented
that their workplace provided them with" emotional safety”
and a “place to hear their own thoughts,” despite the fact
that all were employed by a large, urban, health care
provider that can be described as busy and high pressure.
That the medical work environment provided a contrast and
relief to what participants were experiencing at home is
both a testament to the extreme difficulty of their intimate
relationships and to the positive feelings that they had
about their work environment.
The employer also made a strong statement about their
commitment to their employees’ safety by creating safety
plans for the IPV victims who wanted them.
29. Cont…..
Findings suggest that for many victims of IPV, the
financial, social, and emotional benefits of
employment may be critical to immediate and long-
term safety. Specifically, victims’ capacity to leave
their abuser may be directly linked to their
employment income.
Moreover, the workplace may provide victims with
periods of physical safety and a number of emotional
bolsters (such as increased self-esteem, social
support, mental respite from emotional abuse, and a
feeling of purpose in life) that increase their capacity
to formulate and carry out plans for leaving their
abusive relationships.