Basics of English Grammar

1. BASICS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Shamim Mukhtar

2. SOME TOPICS; VERBS

3. CATEGORIES:

4. PARTS OF SPEECH

5. PARTICLES:

6. SENTENCE STRUCTURE

7. PRESENT TENSE BE
●The verb BE has three forms: AM, IS, ARE,
which we have to use according to the pronoun
or subject.
TO BE
Occupations Nouns Adjectives Places

8. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
They are doctors.
ARE
They
We are friends.
ARE
We
It is a city.
IS
It
She is my sister.
IS
She
He is in the lab.
IS
He
You are a student.
ARE
You
I am a teacher.
AM
I
Example
Verb Form
Subject

9. NEGATIVE SENTENCES
You can make negative sentences similar to the
sentences before. The only different is to add NOT
after am, is, are, as you can see in the following chart.
She is not sad They are not in the
school

10. NEGATIVE SENTENCES
We’re not = We aren’t
You’re not = You aren’t
They’re not = They aren’t
We
You are not
They
He`s not = He isn’t
She’s not = She isn’t
It’s not = It isn’t
He
She is not
It
I`m not
I am not

11. YES / NO QUESTIONS
●In English we have to kind of questions:
Yes/No questions and Wh-questions.
●The Yes / No Questions are called that
because the answers always start with Yes or
No
●Remember to answer Yes/No questions you
have to pay attention to the subject.

12. YES / NO QUESTIONS
Mary tall and thin.
Mary tall and thin?
Yes, she is / No, she isn’t
Yes, she is tall and thin. / No, she
is not tall and thin
Affirmative Statement:
Yes / No question:
Short Answers:
Full /Complete
Answers:
John and Peter students.
John and Peter students?
Yes, they are / No, they aren’t
Yes, they are students. / No they
are not students.
Affirmative Statement:
Yes / No question:
Short Answers:
Full /Complete
Answers:
are
Are
is
Is

13. WH - QUESTIONS
●The wh-questions look for information
accoding to the question word.
●In this kind of questions you never answer Yes
or No, because they are asking for some
information. The answer is a statement with the
information according to the question word.

14. WH - QUESTIONS
How are you? I am sad.
How is Loja? It is small.
State
Form / manner
How
Where is he? In the house.
Places
Where
Who is the director of the school?
Carlos Samaniego.
People
Who
What is this? It is a book.
What is your name? Roberth.
What do you do? I am a driver.
What is he doing? He’s working
Things
Name
Occupations
Activities
What
Example
Information
about…
Wh-word

15. REVIEW
Are they doctors?
Are we friends?
Is it a city?
Is she my sister?
Is he in the lab?
Are you a student?
Am I a teacher?
Yes/No Question
They are not
doctors.
We are not friends.
It is not a city.
She is not my sister.
He is not in the lab.
You are not a
student.
I am not a teacher.
Negative
Statements
Yes, they are / No they
are not
They are
doctors.
Yes, we are / No, we are
not
We are friends.
Yes, it is / No, it is not
It is a city.
Yes, she is / No, she is
not
She is my sister.
Yes, he is / No, he is not
He is in the lab.
Yes, I am / No, I am not
You are a
student.
Yes, you are / No, you
are not
I am a teacher.
Short Answers
Statement

16. DEMONSTRATIVES
We use THIS / THESE when the objects are near to the speaker.
This is a blackboard These are papers
THIS
+Singular
Nouns
THESE + Plural
Nouns

17. DEMONSTRATIVES
We use THAT / THOSE when the objects are far from the speakers.
That is a lake.
Those are mountains
THAT + Singular Nouns
THOSE + Plural Nouns

18. DEMONSTRATIVES
Questions
●What is that?
That is an airplane.
●Is that a bird?
No, it is an airplane.
●What are those?
Those are books
●Are those books?
Yes, they are books.

19. PLURAL NOUNS

20. IRREGULAR PLURAL

21. IRREGULAR PLURAL

22. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
I My
You Your
He His
She Her +
It Its
We Our
They Their NOUN

23. POSSESSIVE ADJTECTIVES
This is our house
Her pants are blue
His shirt is new
This is her cat

24. POSSESSIVE FORM ‘S
Kevin’s wife is Rose.
His wife is Rose.
Charlie’s book is black.
The Child’s mother is happy

25. PREPOSITION OF PLACE

26. PRESENT CONTINOUS
●The present continous
tense is used to describe
activities that happen
now, that means activities
that are develop in the
moment of speaking
Singing
Are
We
You
They
Singing
Is
He
She
It
Singing
Am
I
-ING
FORM
BE
Subject

27. PRESENT CONTINOUS
They are not studying
We are not walking
It is not running
She is not reading
He is not sleeping
You are not eating
I am not dancing
NEGATIVE
Are they studying?
They are studying
Are we walking?
We are walking
Is it running?
It is running
Is she reading?
She is reading
Is he sleeping?
He is sleeping
Are you eating?
You are eating
Am I dancing?
I am dancing
YES/NO QUESTIONS
AFFIRMATIVE

28. RULES

29. ANY QUESTIONS?