This document discusses inorganic and organic molecules, with examples of each provided. It also discusses the main components that make up cells, like the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, and lysosomes. Food analogies are given for some of the cell components.
1 major chemical composition of living thing [biochemistry]محمود ځاځی
MAJOR CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE LIVING ORGANISMS
Medical Biochemistry
Molecular Principles of Structural Organization of Cells
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LIVING ORGANISMS
In the human organism there are 70 elements of the Periodic Table, which may be divided in four groups:
Macrobiogenic elements (>1%) O, C, N, H, Ca, P.
Oligobiogenic elements (0,1-1%) Na, K, Cl, S, Mg, Fe.
Microbiogenic elements (<0.01%)>50years 45-50%)
the content varies depending on the metabolic processes in the specified tissue (10% in the fat tissue, 65-70% in other tissues, 80% in the blood and kidney)
maintained at the necessary level through intake (2 liters/day) or produced in the metabolic processes (0.3 liters/day)
Distribution:
In the cells (intracellular)
Outside the cells
extracellular fluids (12-16%),
blood plasma (5%),
lymph (2%)
Within closed cavities (intra-cavity water)(1-3%): cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular, pericardial, synovial fluid etc
WATER
Functions:
Dissolution and stabilization of biological molecules and ions in the fluids of the organisms
Heat balance control - uptake, conservation, distribution and release of heat
Transport – supply of nutrients and excretion of waste products
Mechanical (by hydration) – assistance in maintaining intracellular pressure and shape of cells
Structural – forming an interlayer between the polar ends of protein and lipids in biological membranes
Synthetic (anabolic) – substrate in the synthesis of biological compounds
Hydrolytic (catabolic) – substrate in the bond-breaking processes
Energetic (electron donating)
The cell functions are dependent on:
The total amount of intra and extracellular water
Hydration of sub-cellular structures
Aqueous microenvironment of macromolecules
INORGANIC IONS
INORGANIC IONS
Functions
Bioelectric functions – development of potential difference across the cell membrane (neurons, muscle cells)
Osmotic functions – control of osmotic and hydro-osmotic pressure
Structural – metal ions constituents of macromolecules (proteins, heme)
Regulatory – cations exert regulatory action
directly binding to enzymes, influencing their activity and rate of the chemical reactions in the cell, or
Indirectly, influencing the hormonal regulation
Transport –
electrons are transported by the cytochromes, enzymes containing Fe2+ or Fe3+ and Cu2+;
oxygen is bound to Fe2+ in the structure of hemoglobin
Energetic – inorganic phosphate in ATP
Mechanical (support) – Ca and P ions are constituents of bones (strength)
Synthetic – complex molecules contain I- (hormones), SO42- (ester sulfuric compounds)
1 major chemical composition of living thing [biochemistry]محمود ځاځی
MAJOR CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE LIVING ORGANISMS
Medical Biochemistry
Molecular Principles of Structural Organization of Cells
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LIVING ORGANISMS
In the human organism there are 70 elements of the Periodic Table, which may be divided in four groups:
Macrobiogenic elements (>1%) O, C, N, H, Ca, P.
Oligobiogenic elements (0,1-1%) Na, K, Cl, S, Mg, Fe.
Microbiogenic elements (<0.01%)>50years 45-50%)
the content varies depending on the metabolic processes in the specified tissue (10% in the fat tissue, 65-70% in other tissues, 80% in the blood and kidney)
maintained at the necessary level through intake (2 liters/day) or produced in the metabolic processes (0.3 liters/day)
Distribution:
In the cells (intracellular)
Outside the cells
extracellular fluids (12-16%),
blood plasma (5%),
lymph (2%)
Within closed cavities (intra-cavity water)(1-3%): cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular, pericardial, synovial fluid etc
WATER
Functions:
Dissolution and stabilization of biological molecules and ions in the fluids of the organisms
Heat balance control - uptake, conservation, distribution and release of heat
Transport – supply of nutrients and excretion of waste products
Mechanical (by hydration) – assistance in maintaining intracellular pressure and shape of cells
Structural – forming an interlayer between the polar ends of protein and lipids in biological membranes
Synthetic (anabolic) – substrate in the synthesis of biological compounds
Hydrolytic (catabolic) – substrate in the bond-breaking processes
Energetic (electron donating)
The cell functions are dependent on:
The total amount of intra and extracellular water
Hydration of sub-cellular structures
Aqueous microenvironment of macromolecules
INORGANIC IONS
INORGANIC IONS
Functions
Bioelectric functions – development of potential difference across the cell membrane (neurons, muscle cells)
Osmotic functions – control of osmotic and hydro-osmotic pressure
Structural – metal ions constituents of macromolecules (proteins, heme)
Regulatory – cations exert regulatory action
directly binding to enzymes, influencing their activity and rate of the chemical reactions in the cell, or
Indirectly, influencing the hormonal regulation
Transport –
electrons are transported by the cytochromes, enzymes containing Fe2+ or Fe3+ and Cu2+;
oxygen is bound to Fe2+ in the structure of hemoglobin
Energetic – inorganic phosphate in ATP
Mechanical (support) – Ca and P ions are constituents of bones (strength)
Synthetic – complex molecules contain I- (hormones), SO42- (ester sulfuric compounds)
Powerpoint presentation of "Cooking Techniques" in Principles of food production (.
Disclaimer: I do not own the rights nor property of this powerpoint presentation. All rights reserved to the owner.
Don't forget to follow me on twitter @joviinthecity
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Cooking ( techniques, tools, styles, ingredients, future )
covers various aspects of the title COOKING
description,,, starting,,, tools,,, skills,,, styles,,, ingredients,,, future
By
Siddhartha Banerjee
I have prepare this slide thinking that it will help students .I have collected different photos and videos from internet please comment and if you need any slides for a topics . i will prepare the slide .
Powerpoint presentation of "Cooking Techniques" in Principles of food production (.
Disclaimer: I do not own the rights nor property of this powerpoint presentation. All rights reserved to the owner.
Don't forget to follow me on twitter @joviinthecity
Thank You!
xoxo
-Jovi
Cooking ( techniques, tools, styles, ingredients, future )
covers various aspects of the title COOKING
description,,, starting,,, tools,,, skills,,, styles,,, ingredients,,, future
By
Siddhartha Banerjee
I have prepare this slide thinking that it will help students .I have collected different photos and videos from internet please comment and if you need any slides for a topics . i will prepare the slide .
Welcome to the Program Your Destiny course. In this course, we will be learning the technology of personal transformation, neuroassociative conditioning (NAC) as pioneered by Tony Robbins. NAC is used to deprogram negative neuroassociations that are causing approach avoidance and instead reprogram yourself with positive neuroassociations that lead to being approach automatic. In doing so, you change your destiny, moving towards unlocking the hypersocial self within, the true self free from fear and operating from a place of personal power and love.
2. Inorganic molecule can be made
up of any element but, they can not
contain a carbon atom (2).
3. Food Bodies
• Water • Water
• Salt • Oxygen
• Pepper • Carbon Dioxide
• Vinegar • Acids
• Baking Soda • Bases
• Gatorade • Electrolytes
• Sugar • Salts
(1)(Pg. 44)
4. Compounds that contain C-C or
C-H bonds. Most ingredients
(molecules) we use to cook are
(in living things) are organic. (1)(Pg.
66)
5. Most organic molecules are
polymers made up of several
monomers. (1)
Food example: Fruit salad
because the salad is made up of
many different fruits.
6. The most common membrane is the plasma
membrane, which is the outer boundary of the
cell. It is made up of lipids, proteins, and other
molecules. (1)(Pg. 75)
Food Example: Pizza crust would be an example
because the crust is made up of the flour and water
and without the crust the toppings would just be all
over the place. The crust is the structure.
7. Endoplasmic reticulum (Cookie dough) : This is the
site of where the ribosomes attach and perform
protein synthesis.
Golgi apparatus (sending food to customer) :
Packages products and sends them to different parts
of the cell.
Ribosomes (chocolate chips) : The site of protein
synthesis.
8. Mitochondria (microwave) : Site of ATP synthesis,
makes most of the energy used in the cell
Nucleus (recipe) : Houses the genetic code
Lysosomes (digestive system) : enzymes break
down cell parts and other particles.
Nucleolus: center of the nucleus, formation of
ribosomes.
(1)(Pg. 75)
