This document is a lesson on basic Hindi grammar from the CultureAlley language learning website. It covers pronouns, the verb 'to be', and basic sentence structures. Key points covered include: - Introduction of pronouns like maiṁ (I), āp (you), etc. - Conjugations of the verb 'to be' - hooṁ, hai, haiṁ - Forming sentences using pronouns and the verb 'to be' with subjects and objects like "Maiṁ ēk Bhāratīya hooṁ" (I am an Indian). - Tips on word order and respect forms in Hindi sentences

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2. Namastē!
Lesson 2 | Basic Hindi
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3. Lesson object
1
Basic pronouns
2 'to-be' verb
3 Basic sentences
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4. Revision
English
Hindi
Hello
Namastē
Who are you?
Āp kaun haiṁ?
Lisa eats apples
Lisā sēb khātī hai
I am Lisa
Maiṁ Lisā hooṁ
I am British
Maiṁ Briṭiśha hooṁ
I am pretty
Maiṁ sundar hooṁ
Lisa eats oranges
Lisā santarē khātī hai
I am Indian
Maiṁ Bhāratīya hooṁ
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5. Lesson objects
1
Basic pronouns
2 ''to-be' verb
3 Basic sentences
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6. Basic pronouns
I
Maiṁ
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7. Basic pronouns
You
Āp
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8. Culturally speaking : Forms of you
In India, there are various forms of 'You'
which are usually used to differentiate
between formal and informal settings
However, we would stick to the more
common (and formal) form : Āp
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9. Pronouncing Āp
You (Āp) stresses on the first ā only
The pronunciation follows the same
pattern as in 'harp'
​
Phonetically, we would write harp as hārp
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10. Basic pronouns
We
Hum
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11. Basic pronouns
He
Vaha
Vaha is pronounced as
v +|unstressed a|+ h +|unstressed a
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12. Basic pronouns
She
Vaha
Vaha is pronounced as
v +|unstressed a|+ h +|unstressed a
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13. Basic Pronouns
Vaha can be used for both 'he' and 'she' - it is
neutral gender
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14. Basic pronouns
They
Yē / vē
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15. Basic Pronouns
We use Yē for people in close proximity
and Vē for people who are not in close proximity
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16. Basic pronouns
English
Hindi
I
Maiṁ
You
Āp
We
Hum
He
Vaha
She
Vaha
They
Yē / vē
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17. Lets see if you remember…
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18. Exercise : Pick the right option
'We' translates to ___
1
2
3
Āp
Hum
Vaha
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19. Solution
'We' translates to ___
1
2
3
Āp
Hum
Vaha
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20. Recall what the other options translate as!
English
Hindi
You
Āp
He/she
Vaha
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21. Lesson object
1
Basic pronouns
2 'to-be' verb
3 Basic sentences
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22. Grammar tip
Just like English, the 'to-be' verb (am, is,
are) takes various forms in Hindi
The form it takes depends on the subject (1st
/ 2nd / 3rd person) and whether the
subject is singular/plural
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23. 'to-be' verb
Am
Hooṁ
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24. Pronouncing hooṁ
The last ṁ in hooṁ is pronounced nasally
and carries a slight 'n' sound
to it like in 'angst'
ṁ is like a short 'n' sound
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25. 'to-be' verb
Are
Haiṁ
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26. Pronouncing haiṁ
The last ṁ in haiṁ is pronounced nasally
and carries a slight 'n' sound to​
it like in 'angst'
ṁ is like a short 'n' sound
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27. 'to-be' verb
Is
Hai
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28. 'to-be' verb
English
Hindi
Am
Hooṁ
Are
Haiṁ
Is
Hai
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29. 'to-be' verb
English
Hindi
I am
Maiṁ hooṁ
You are
Āp haiṁ
She is
Vaha hai
They are
Yē / vē haiṁ
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30. Try yourself
Problem 1 :
I am
​
Problem 2 :
He is
Problem 2 :
They are
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31. Solution
English
Hindi
I am
Maiṁ hooṁ
He is
Vaha hai
They are
Yē / vē haiṁ
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32. Examples
English
Hindi
I am Mark
Maiṁ Mārk hooṁ
She is Lisa
Vaha Lisā hai
He is John
Vaha John hai
They are Americans
Yē Amērikans haiṁ
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33. Lesson objects
1
Basic pronouns
2 'to-be' verb
3 Basic sentences Basic sentences
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34. Basic sentences
I am an Indian
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35. Solution
I
am
an
Indian
Maiṁ
hooṁ
ēk
Bhāratīya
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36. Grammar tip
'an Indian'= 'one Indian'
Hence, it is translated as 'Ēk'
'Ēk' literally means 'one'...
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37. Grammar tip
‘An Indian’= 'Ēk Bhāratīya'
Ēk takes up the form of an adjective here
describing the noun Bhāratīya (Indian)
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38. Grammar tip
Ēk takes up the form of an adjective​
in 'Ēk Bhāratīya'
In Hindi adjectives always come before the
word they describe
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39. Solution
I am an Indian
Maiṁ ēk Bhāratīya hooṁ
Sentence structure
Subject | adjective | object | 'to-be' verb
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40. So remember!
I am an Indian = Maiṁ ēk Bhāratīya hooṁ
Just like English, adjective come before the noun
they describe
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41. Basic sentences
She is a girl
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42. Basic sentences
She
Vaha
is
hai
a
ēk
girl
laḍkī
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43. Basic sentences
She is a girl
Vaha ēk laḍkī hai
Sentence structure
Subject | adjective | (object) | 'to-be' verb
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44. Basic sentences
You are a boy
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45. Basic sentences
You
Āp
are
haiṁ
a
ēk
boy
laḍkē
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46. Basic sentences
You are a boy
Āp ēk laḍkē haiṁ
Sentence structure
Subject | adjective | (object) | 'to-be' verb
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47. Did you notice?
We are using laḍkē (plural) and not laḍkā
(singular) as we are addressing
the person as Āp
This is used as we are showing respect
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48. Use of Plural Forms - Showing Respect
You will notice, that in Hindi, the sentences where
you have to give respect to the person addressed,
you use the plural forms of verbs and adjectives.
Keep this in mind as we go forward.
E.g You are a boy = Āp ēk laḍkē haiṁ (not Āp ēk
laḍka hai)
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49. Revision: 'to-be' verb
English
Hindi
I am
Maiṁ hooṁ
You are
Āp haiṁ
She is
Vaha hai
They are
Yē / vē haiṁ
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50. Revision: Examples
English
Hindi
I am Mark
Maiṁ Mārk hooṁ
She is Lisa
Vaha Lisā hai
He is John
Vaha John hai
They are Americans
Yē Amērikans haiṁ
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51. Revision
English
Hindi
I
Maiṁ
You
Āp
We
Hum
He
Vaha
She
Vaha
They
Yē / vē
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52. Revision
English
Hindi
I am
Maiṁ hooṁ
He is
Vaha hai
They are
Yē / vē haiṁ
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53. Revision
English
Hindi
I am an Indian
Maiṁ ēk Bhāratīya hooṁ
She is a girl
Vaha ēk laḍkī hai
You are a boy
Āp ēk laḍkē haiṁ
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54. Culture leaf
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55. Culture leaf : Holidays in India
India, being a culturally diverse and zealous society,
celebrates various holidays
There are three national holidays in India: Independence
Day (India), Republic Day (India) and Gandhi Jayanti
States and regions also have their own
local festivals and holidays
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56. Culture leaf
The Kumbh Mela (or Grand Pitcher
Festival) is a huge Hindu religious festival
It takes place in India every 12 years
In 2001, 60 million people attended
the Kumbh Mela, breaking the record
for the world’s biggest gathering
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57. What’s next?
In the next lesson we will learn basic
expressions, such as greetings ​
​
and
goodbyes!
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58. Credits
Content
CultureAlley
Culture leaf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_India
Images
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki User:Yosarian
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59. Dhan'yavād!
See you at the Alley!
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