Basic Concepts in Computer Education for Agriculture Graduates

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Keerthi, S. & Lokesh, S. keerthisjp@yahoo.com, lokesh835@gmail.com
BASIC CONCEPTS
IN
COMPUTER EDUCATION FOR AGRICULTURE GRADUATES
Prepared & Compiled by:
Keerthi S.
Sr. M.Sc. (Agri)
Dept. of Agril. Economics
College of Agriculture,
Vijayapura
and
Lokesh S.
M. Sc. (Agri)
UAS, Dharwad

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Preface
We are living in a world of Information and Technology (IT). With the advancement of
the technology, the world seems to be smaller and smaller. Now-a-days, without computers
much of the work can’t be carried out, we are dependent so much on Computers which is an
integral part of IT. In general, many of us have misconception that agriculture graduates
don’t require computer knowledge compared to engineering and medical students. But,
agriculture graduates also require computer knowledge and skills for carrying out research
and to fulfil requirements of the courses. Kerala Agriculture University and other agriculture
universities are providing online certificate courses and TNAU has developed fertilizer
calculator using MS excel. Many software’s, apps have been developed in the field of
Agriculture.
This emphasises that there is a strong need to have some basic knowledge about
computer and use of simple shortcuts to work faster to save time and energy. Since many of
the students pursuing UG and PG degrees come from rural areas, they are usually deprived
from computer classes and training programmes. In view of these circumstances, a
computer training programme series titled “HANDS ON COMPUTER” was conducted in
College of Agriculture, Vijayapura for PG students. Meanwhile, it was thought essential to
make a ready reckoner on Computer literacy. Henceforth, we made sincere attempts to
overcome such problems faced by the agriculture graduates by preparing this book titled
“BASIC CONCEPTS IN COMPUTER EDUCATION FOR AGRICULTURE GRADUATES” so that
everybody should be self-sufficient to carry on day to day technical works without depending
on others. This book besides helping post graduate students will also help agricultural
scientists, professors in carrying out their day to day technical works. Most of the shortcuts
are working both in earlier and latest versions of operating systems Windows 8/8.1, Ubuntu
etc. We hope this attempt will contribute to DIGITAL INDIA program. However, we will be
very happy to get your feedback and suggestions for the improvement of this book.
June, 2015 Yours truly,
Keerthi S.
Lokesh S.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With immense pleasure and deep respect, we express our heartfelt gratitude to Dr. G.
K. Naidu, Coordinator, Higher Education and Placement Bureau, College of Agriculture,
Vijayapura [UAS, Dharwad] for his constant support, close counsel and valuable suggestions
throughout the period of the program. We express our deep sense of reverence to Dr. S. S.
Guledgudda, Associate Director of Research, RARS, Vijayapura [UAS, Dharwad], for his
kind co-operation, moral support and encouragement towards preparing book. We express our
deep gratitude to Dr. R. S. Poddar, Head, PPMC, [UAS, Dharwad] for the support extended
towards preparing the book. We would also like to thank Dr. V. R. Kiresur, Professor and
Head, Dept. Agril. Economics, College of Agriculture, Vijayapur for his kind support.
It’s our duty to pay gratitude to Dr. M.Y. Teggi, Associate Professor, Department of
Agriculture Economics, College of Agriculture, Vijayapura for his moral support during the
entire process. We would like to thank all Post Graduate students of College of Agriculture,
Vijayapura for their kind co-operation and valuable response for the computer training
program.
We greatly acknowledge the cooperation and help extended by everyone who directly or
indirectly helped in the way of exposing ourselves to the new dimensions in computer
literacy.

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Contents
S.No Particulars Page No.
1 Basic concepts in computer 1
2 Windows 8 key board shortcuts 11
3 MS word shortcuts 16
5 MS Power point shortcuts 20
4 MS excel shortcuts 24
6 Gmail shortcuts 30
7 Yahoo mail shortcuts 32
8 Google chrome shortcuts 33
9 Abbreviations 36
10 Useful sources for Computer Education 41
11 References 42

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BASIC CONCEPTS IN COMPUTER EDUCATION FOR AGRICULTURE GRADUATES
Introduction
In this era getting data or information is not a big task compared to 19th century. Each
and every information is available on finger tips and storage of information is also simple as
it does not demand more space and eco-friendly. Now a day’s computer literacy has gained
a momentum. In this context it is essential to know few basic terms and concepts related to
computer.
Charles Babbage is called as Father of Computer.
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the
ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
COMPUTER - Common Operating Machine Particularly Used for Trade, Education,
and Research.
India's First Supercomputer - PARAM 8000.
A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions
that drives a computer. The term processor has generally replaced the term central
processing unit (CPU). The processor in a personal computer are embedded in small devices
is often called a microprocessor. Ex: Intel core i3, i5.
Necessity of Computer for Agriculture graduates
 To carry out analysis and better data base management of research works
 To fulfil educational requirements like presentations, seminars, notes and so on.
 Searching of data through internet
 To perform online filling and applying for higher education, jobs, projects.
 Online transfer of amount or payment for college fee
Memory used by computer applications
A byte is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one alphanumeric character)
processed as a single unit of information. A single letter or character would use one byte of
memory (8 bits), two characters would use two bytes (16 bits).
If we put it another way, a bit is either an 'on' or 'off' which is processed by a computer
processor. We represent 'on' as '1' and 'off' as '0'. 8 bits are known as a byte, and it is bytes
which are used to pass our information in its basic form - characters.

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An alphanumeric character (e.g. a letter or number such as 'A', 'B' or '7') is stored as 1
byte. For example, to store the letter 'R' uses 1 byte, which is stored by the computer as 8
bits, '01010010'.
A document containing 100 characters would use 100 bytes (800 bits) - assuming the
file didn't have any overhead (additional data about the file which forms part of the file).
Note, many non-alphanumeric characters such as symbols and foreign language characters
use multiple bytes.
8 bits = 1 byte
1024 bytes = 1 KB KiloByte
1024 KB = 1 MB MegaByte
1024 MB = 1 GB GigaByte
1024 GB = 1 TB TeraByte
1024 TB = 1 PB PetaByte
1024 PB = 1 EB ExaByte
1024 EB = 1 ZB ZettaByte
1024 ZB = 1 YB YottaByte more than enough...
COMPUTER GENERATIONS
I Generation - 1942 - 1955
II Generation - 1955 – 1964
III Generation - 1964 - 1975
IV Generation - 1975 - 1989
V Generation - 1989 – Present
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Desktop computers: Many people use desktop computers at work, home, school, or in
library. They can be small, medium, or large in size and they can be placed on a desk and
hence the name. Desktop computer generally has central processing unit, a monitor, a
mouse, and keyboard, you have what is typically known as a desktop computer.
Laptop computers: The second type of computer you may be familiar with is a laptop
computer, or a laptop. Laptops are battery or AC powered personal computers that are

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more portable than desktop computers, allowing you to use them almost anywhere.
Generally it was placed on the lap of the user and hence the name laptop.
Servers: A server is a computer that "serves up" information to other computers on a
network. Many businesses have file servers that employees can use to store and share files.
A server can look like a regular desktop computer, or it can be much larger.
Servers also play an important role in making the Internet work: They are where
webpages are stored. When you use your browser to click a link, a web server delivers the
page you requested.
Supercomputer is a computer that performs at or near the currently highest
operational rate for computers. A supercomputer is typically used for scientific and
engineering applications that must handle very large databases or do a great amount of
computation (or both).
OTHER TYPES OF DEVISES WHICH CAN WORK AS COMPUTER
Tablet: These use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation. Because they
don't require a keyboard or mouse, tablet computers are even more portable than laptops.
The iPad is an example of a tablet computer.
Mobile phones: Advanced mobile phones can do a lot of things computers can do,
such as browsing the Internet and playing games. These phones are often called smart
phones.
Game consoles: A game console is a specialized kind of computer that is used for
playing video games. Although they are not as fully featured as desktop computers, many
newer consoles, such as the Nintendo Wii, allow you to perform nongaming tasks like
browsing the Web.
Some general processes of a computer:
Shut down is a term used to describe the process of closing all software programs in
preparation to turn off a computer's power.
Sleep is a power-saving state that allows a computer to quickly resume full-power
operation (typically within several seconds) when you want to start working again. Putting
your computer into the sleep state is like pausing a DVD player—the computer immediately
stops what it’s doing and is ready to start again when you want to resume working.
Lot of personal computers, PCs (especially laptops and tablets), go to sleep when you
close your lid or press the power button. Here's how to check if this is what happens and to
change it if it doesn't.

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Hibernation is a power-saving state designed primarily for laptops. While sleep puts
your work and settings in memory and draws a small amount of power, hibernation puts
your open documents and programs on your hard disk, and then turns off your computer. Of
all the power-saving states in Windows, hibernation uses the least amount of power. On a
laptop, use hibernation when you know that you won't use your laptop for an extended
period and won't have an opportunity to charge the battery during that time.
Hybrid sleep is designed primarily for desktop computers. Hybrid sleep is a
combination of sleep and hibernate which puts any open documents and programs in
memory and on your hard disk, and then puts your computer into a low-power state so that
you can quickly resume your work. That way, if a power failure occurs, Windows can restore
your work from your hard disk. When hybrid sleep is turned on, putting your computer into
sleep automatically puts your computer into hybrid sleep. Hybrid sleep is typically turned on
by default on desktop computers.
What is an operating system?
An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It
manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of its software and hardware. It also
allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak in the
“computer language”. Without an operating system, a computer is useless.
The most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows
(Windows XP, vista, Windows 8, Windows 8.1), Mac OS X, Linux, Ubantu.
Operating systems for mobile devices: The operating systems we've been talking
about were designed to run on desktop or laptop computers. Mobile devices such as
phones, tablet computers, and MP3 players are different from desktop and laptop
computers, so they run operating systems that are designed specifically for mobile devices.
Examples of mobile operating systems include Apple iOS, Windows Phone and Google
Android etc.
What is an application?
You may have heard people talking about using an application, or an app. But what
exactly does that mean? An app is a type of software that allows you to perform specific
task. Applications for desktop or laptop computers are sometimes called desktop
applications, and those for mobile devices are called mobile apps. When you open an
application, it runs inside the operating system until you close it. Much of the time, you will
have more than one application open at the same time, and this is known as multi-tasking.
Types of desktop applications

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Word processors: A word processor allows you to write a letter, design a flyer, and
create many other kinds of documents. The most well-known word processor is Microsoft
Word.
Personal finance: Personal finance software, such as Quicken, allows you to keep track
of your income and expenses, create a budget, and more. Most personal finance programs
can automatically download information from your bank so you don't have to manually add
your transactions.
Web browsers: A web browser is the tool you use to access the Web. Most computers
come with a web browser pre-installed, but you can also download a different one if you
prefer. Examples of browsers include Internet Explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome, and Safari.
Games: There are many different games you can play on your computer. They range
from card games such as Solitaire to action games like Halo 2. Many action games require a
lot of computing power, so they may not work unless you have a computer with higher
capacity.
Media players: If you want to listen to MP3 songs or watch movies you've
downloaded, you'll need to use a media player. Windows Media Player and VLC media
player are popular media players.
Gadgets: Sometimes called widgets, these are simple applications you can place on
your desktop (or on the Dashboard if you're using a Mac). There are many different types of
gadgets, and they include calendars, calculators, maps, and news headlines.
Data Storage devices
CDs and DVDs are similar in composition and usage, however DVDs offer more data
storage capacity compared to CDs. CDs are also commonly used for audio and program files,
while DVDs are used for video and program files.
Compact Discs (CDs) are made with the purpose of holding audio files as well as
program files, usually have storage capacity up to 700 MB (up to 80 minutes audio). Types of
CDs are CD-R, CD-RW, CD-Text, CD + Graphics, CD + Extended Graphics, Super Audio CD, CD-
MIDI, CD-ROM, Video CD, Super Video CD, Photo CD, CD-I, Enhanced CD, VinylDisc and
Bootable CD.
CD-RW (ReWritable) disk, a type of CD disk that enables you to write onto it in
multiple sessions. One of the problems with CD-R disks is that you can only write to them
once. With CD-RW drives and disks, you can treat the optical disk just like a floppy or hard
disk, writing data onto it multiple times.

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Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs) are made with the purpose of holding video files,
movies, substantial amount of programs, etc. have storage capacity ranging from 4.7 GB to
17.08 GB. Types of DVDs are DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM and Blu-Ray.
DVD+R is a DVD that can be written once and read arbitrarily many times.
The primary advantage of DVD-RW over DVD-R is the ability to erase and rewrite to a DVD-
RW disc
Pen drive is a small storage device shaped like a pen with built-in data storage that
connects to a computer by a USB port. It is also known as memory stick, memory card, flash
stick, key drive, pen drive, thumb drive and jump drive or simply USB.
Internet Aspects
Sign up, Sign in, Sign out, Log in and Logout
When you visit and access anything for the first time, you need to sign up. Often, this
is referred to as registering.
Both Log in, Sign in mean same that you enter somewhere where you have already
registered. The web portals use both the terms.
Sign out and Log out are used interchangeably; however normally, log-out also covers
the function of signing-out. When you only sign-out from a site, you allow that your account
is still active in the computer that runs the site, but when you have logged out, you have
already signed-out. If you check the box that is "keep me logged in", the cookie that
Facebook settles in your PC will remember you in the next time you sign in, doesn't require
your password, username and the authentication again.
Firewall is a hardware and /or software that prevent unauthorized access to an
intranet from an Internet. Authorized user can make connections to the internet from within
the intranet.
Internet means international network. It is a worldwide network of computers which
allows sharing large amount of information. In this network, the computers are connected
through cables or any other devices. It connects millions of computers around the world.
Intranet is a system that uses Internet technology in order to manage connections and
collaborations over a private network of desktop computers
Web site is a group of World Wide Web pages usually containing hyperlinks to each
other and made available online by an individual, company, educational institution,
government, or any other organization. Ex: www.uasd.edu., www.icar.org.in.

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A Search engine is really a general class of program, however, the term is often used to
specifically describe systems like Google, Bing and Yahoo! Search that enable users to search
for documents, pictures, videos etc., on the World Wide Web. Ex: www.google.com,
www.yahoo.com, www.bing.com, www.ask.com.
Modem is a link between your computer and the internet. Everything you send and
receive using the internet passes through the modem. Or it is a hardware device that
translate digital signals into analog systems and vice versa.
IP address has four numbers ranging from 1 to 254, separated by periods that are used
to uniquely identify internet sites.
Home page is a first page displayed upon access to a website.
What is the cloud?
You may have heard people using terms like the cloud, cloud computing, or cloud
storage. But what exactly is the cloud? Basically, the cloud is the Internet—more specifically,
it's all of the things you can access remotely over the Internet. When something is in the
cloud, it means it's stored on servers on the Internet instead of on your computer. It lets you
access your calendar, email, files, and more from any computer with an Internet connection.
If you've ever used web-based email, then you've used the cloud—all of the emails in
your inbox are stored on servers. However, there are many other services that use the cloud
in different ways. Here are just a few examples:
Dropbox is a cloud storage service that lets you easily store and share files with other
people, and it lets you access your files from a mobile device as well.
Mozy and Carbonite can automatically back up your data in case your computer is lost,
stolen, or damaged.
What is a web app?
Previously, we talked about how desktop applications allow you to perform tasks on
your computer. However, there are also web applications (or web apps), which run in the
cloud and do not need to be installed on your computer. These are sometimes called cloud
apps.
Online email services: Services like Gmail and Yahoo! Mail run within your browser
and can do many of the same things email programs like Microsoft Outlook can do. After you
sign up for an online email service, you can begin using it immediately—no installation is
required. Instead of being stored on your computer, your emails are stored in the cloud.
Google Docs: Google Docs is an office suite that runs within your browser. Much like
Microsoft Office, you can use it to create documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and

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more. Your documents are stored in the cloud, which makes it easy to share them with other
people.
Facebook: Facebook lets you create an online profile and interact with your friends.
Profiles and conversations are constantly evolving, so Facebook uses web app technologies
throughout the site to keep the information up-to-date. There are also games and other web
apps you can add to your Facebook profile.
Web apps are becoming more and more integrated with websites, and it may be
difficult to distinguish between a web application and a "regular" website. In many cases,
you may be using a web application without even knowing it!
Basic Terms used in Computer Education
Hardware is any part of computer that has a physical structure, such as the computer
monitor or keyboard.
Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware to perform a task. It is the
one which guides hardware and tells it how to accomplish each task. Some examples of
software include web browsers, games, and word processors such as Microsoft Word.
Input is data and instructions entered into the computer.
Output is the result given by the in response to input.
Input Device is a device used to issue commands that tell the computer how to process
data. Ex: Keyboard, mouse, scanner etc,.
Output Device is device that displays the output of the computer. Ex: monitor, printer,
etc.
Malware, short for malicious software, is any software used to disrupt computer
operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems.
VIRUS (VIRUS, Vital Information Resources Under Siege) is a software capable of
reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on
the same computer.
Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage. A random-access
memory device allows data items to be read and written in roughly the same amount of
time regardless of the order in which data items are accessed.
A hard disk is part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard drive," or "hard disk
drive," that stores and provides relatively quick access to large amount of data on an

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electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces. (or) a rigid non-removable magnetic
disk with a large data storage capacity.
MOUSE - Manually Operated User System Equipment.
Booting is restarting a computer or its operating system software. It is of two types
(1) Cold booting: When the computer is started after having been switched off.
(2) Warm booting: When the operating system alone is restarted (without being
switched off) after a system crash or 'freeze.'
How to take Good Care of Laptop / Desktop Computer?
a) Keep liquids away from your computer or laptop.
b) Having antivirus software available is the best defence against a virus.
c) Update antivirus frequently and perform full, custom scan at least once in a month.
d) Do quick scan soon after you insert external devices like pen drive, Hard disk,
Memory card.
e) Ideally keep the computer in a clean and dust free room.
f) Always have clean hands when using your laptop.
g) Hold and lift the computer by its base, not by its LCD display (the screen).
h) Don't pull on the power cord first, better switch off the power button first.
i) Be sure to plug accessory devices into their proper slots.
j) Don't expose your laptop to rapid temperature changes.
k) Have the unit cleaned annually to remove internal dust usually it is performed by
professionals.
l) Use an old toothbrush to clean the area around the exhaust fan screen.
m) Try to keep the laptop on a flat, clean surface.
n) Don't use your laptop on the bed.
What are the new file name extensions?
Documents, templates, worksheets, and presentations that are created in the 2007
Microsoft Office are saved with new file-name extensions with an x or an m. For example,
when you save a document in Word, the file now uses the .docx extension, instead of the
.doc extension which was used with the earlier version of MS office 2003.

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The x signifies an XML file with no macros.
The m signifies an XML file that does contain macros.
The following tables list the file extensions in Office Word 2007, Office Excel 2007, and
Office PowerPoint 2007.
XML file type Extension
Document .docx
Document – Office 2013 .doc
Macro-enabled document .docm
Template .dotx
Macro-enabled template .dotm
Excel
Workbook .xlsx
Macro-enabled workbook .xlsm
Template .xltx
Macro-enabled template .xltm
Non-XML binary workbook .xlsb
Macro-enabled add-in .xlam
PowerPoint
Presentation .pptx
Macro-enabled presentation .pptm
Template .potx
Macro-enabled template .potm
Macro-enabled add-in .ppam
Show .ppsx
Macro-enabled show .ppsm
Slide .sldx
Macro-enabled slide .sldm
Office theme .thmx

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100 Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows 8
Windows 8 specific keyboard Shortcuts
Keystroke Function
Switch between Metro Start screen and the last accessed application
+ C Access the charms bar
+ Tab Access the Metro Taskbar
+ I Access the Settings charm
+ H Access the Share charm
+ K Access the Devices charm
+ Q Access the Apps Search screen
+ F Access the Files Search screen
+ W Access the Settings Search screen
+ P Access the Second Screen bar
+ Z Brings up the App Bar when you have a Metro App running
+ X Access the Windows Tools Menu
+ O Lock screen orientation
+ . Move the screen split to the right
+ Shift + . Move the screen split to the left
+ V View all active Toasts/Notifications
+ Shift + V View all active Toasts/Notifications in reverse order
+ PrtScn
Takes a screenshot of the screen and automatically saves it in the
Pictures folder as Screenshot (#)—incrementing the # with each
successive screenshot
+ Enter Launch Narrator
PageUp Scroll forward on the Metro Start screen
PageDown Scroll backward on the Metro Start screen
Esc Close a charm
Ctrl + Esc Switch between Metro Start screen and the last accessed application
Ctrl + Mouse scroll wheel Activate the Semantic Zoom on the Metro screen

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Standard Windows Keyboard Shortcuts Standard Keyboard Shortcuts
Keystroke Function
+ E Open Computer
+ R Open the Run dialog box
+ U Open Ease of Access Center
+ Ctrl + F Open Find Computers dialog box
+ Pause/Break Open the System page
+ 1..10
Launch a program pinned on the Taskbar in the position indicated by
the number
Or, access a running program on the Taskbar in the position indicated
by the number
+ Shift + 1..10
Launch a new instance of a program pinned on the Taskbar in the
position indicated by the number
+ Ctrl + 1..10
Access the last active instance of a program pinned on the Taskbar in
the position
Indicated by the number
+ Alt + 1..10
Access the Jump List of a program pinned on the Taskbar in the
position indicated by the number
+ B
Select the first item in the Notification Area and then use the arrow
keys to cycle
through the items Press Enter to open the selected item
+ Ctrl + B
Access the program that is displaying a message in the Notification
Area
+ T Cycle through the items on the Taskbar
+ M Minimize all windows
+ Shift + M Restore all minimized windows
+ D Show/Hide Desktop (minimize/restore all windows)
+ L Lock computer
+ Up Arrow Maximize current window
+ Down Arrow Minimize/restore current window
+ Home Minimize all but the current window
+ Left Arrow Tile window on the left side of the screen
+ Right Arrow Tile window on the right side of the screen
+ Shift + Up Arrow Extend current window from the top to the bottom of the screen
+ Shift + Left/Right Arrow Move the current window from one monitor to the next
+ F1 Launch Windows Help and Support

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Alt Display a hidden Menu Bar
Alt + D Select the Address Bar
Alt + P Display the Preview Pane in Windows Explorer
Alt + Tab Cycle forward through open windows
Alt + Shift + Tab Cycle backward through open windows
Alt + F4
Close the current window
Open the Shut Down Windows dialog box from the Desktop
Alt + Spacebar Access the Shortcut menu for current window
Alt + Esc Cycle between open programs in the order that they were opened
Alt + Enter Open the Properties dialog box of the selected item
Alt + PrtScn Take a screen shot of the active Window and place it in the clipboard
Alt + Up Arrow
Move up one folder level in Windows Explorer (Like the Up Arrow in
XP)
Alt + Left Arrow Display the previous folder
Alt + Right Arrow Display the next folder
Shift + Insert CD/DVD Load CD/DVD without triggering Autoplay or Autorun
Shift + Delete
Permanently delete the item (rather than sending it to the Recycle
Bin)
Shift + F6 Cycle backward through elements in a window or dialog box
Shift + F10 Access the context menu for the selected item
Shift + Tab Cycle backward through elements in a window or dialog box
Shift + Click Select a consecutive group of items
Shift + Click on a Taskbar
button
Launch a new instance of a program
Shift + Right-click on a Taskbar
button
Access the context menu for the selected item
Ctrl + A Select all items
Ctrl + C Copy the selected item
Ctrl + X Cut the selected item
Ctrl + V Paste the selected item
Ctrl + D Delete selected item
Ctrl + Z Undo an action
Ctrl + Y Redo an action
Ctrl + N Open a new window in Windows Explorer
Ctrl + W Close current window in Windows Explorer
Ctrl + E Select the Search box in the upper right corner of a window

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Ctrl + Shift + N Create new folder
Ctrl + Shift + Esc Open the Windows Task Manager
Ctrl + Alt + Tab Use arrow keys to cycle through open windows
Ctrl + Alt + Delete Access the Windows Security screen
Keystroke Function
Ctrl + Click Select multiple individual items
Ctrl + Click and drag an item Copies that item in the same folder
Ctrl + Shift + Click and drag an
item
Creates a shortcut for that item in the same folder
Ctrl + Tab Move forward through tabs
Ctrl + Shift + Tab Move backward through tabs
Ctrl + Shift + Click on a Taskbar
button
Launch a new instance of a program as an Administrator
Ctrl + Click on a grouped Taskbar
button
Cycle through the instances of a program in the group
F1 Display Help
F2 Rename a file
F3 Open Search
F4 Display the Address Bar list
F5 Refresh display
F6 Cycle forward through elements in a window or dialog box
F7 Display command history in a Command Prompt
F10 Display hidden Menu Bar
F11 Toggle full screen display
Tab Cycle forward through elements in a window or dialog box
PrtScn Take a screen shot of the entire screen and place it in the clipboard
Home Move to the top of the active window
End Move to the bottom of the active window
Delete Delete the selected item
Backspace
Display the previous folder in Windows Explorer
Move up one folder level in Open or Save dialog box
Esc Close a dialog box
Num Lock Enabled + Plus (+) Display the contents of the selected folder
Num Lock Enabled + Minus
(-)
Collapse the selected folder
Num Lock Enabled +
Asterisk (*)
Expand all subfolders under the selected folder

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Press Shift 5 times Turn StickyKeys on or off
Hold down right Shift for 8
seconds
Turn FilterKeys on or off
Hold down Num Lock for 5
seconds
Turn ToggleKeys on or off

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MS-WORD-2007 KEY BOARD SHORTCUTS
Ctrl + A
Extend a selection to include the entire document.
Select entire document
Ctrl + B Apply/remove bold formatting
Ctrl + C Copy the selected text or object
Ctrl + D Open the Font dialog box to change the formatting of characters
Ctrl + E Switch a paragraph between centered and left-aligned
Ctrl + F
Find text, formatting, and special items. After the window is closed,
press Ctrl +Alt + Y to repeat.
Ctrl + G Go to a page, bookmark, footnote, table, comment, graphic, or other location.
Ctrl + H Replace text, specific formatting, and special items
Ctrl + I Apply/remove italic formatting
Ctrl + J Switch a paragraph between justified and left-aligned
Ctrl + K Insert a hyperlink
Ctrl + L Left align a paragraph
Ctrl + M
Increase indent a paragraph from the left.Press Ctrl + Shift + M to decrease the
indent
Ctrl + N
Create a new document of the same type as the current or most recent
document
Ctrl + O Open a document
Ctrl + P Print a document
Ctrl + Q Remove paragraph formatting
Ctrl + R Switch a paragraph between right-aligned and left-aligned
Ctrl + S Save a document
Ctrl + T Create a hanging indent. Press Ctrl +Shift + T to return to the previous indent
Ctrl + U Apply/remove an underline
Ctrl + V
Paste text or an object or paste the most recent addition to the Office Clipboard.
Press Ctrl + Alt + V to display Paste Special dialog box
Ctrl + W C
trl + F4
Close a document or close the active window
Ctrl + X Cut the selected text or object or cut selected text to the Office Clipboard
Ctrl + Y Redo the last action
Ctrl + Z Undo the last action
Additional shortcuts in MS-WORD-2007
Ctrl + 0 Add or remove one line space preceding a paragraph
Ctrl + 1 Single-space lines
Ctrl + 2 Double-space lines
Ctrl + 5 Set 1.5-line spacing
Ctrl + Alt + 1 Apply the Heading 1 style
Ctrl + Alt + C Insert the copyright symbol
Ctrl + Alt + D Insert an endnote

17
Ctrl + Alt + F Insert a footnote
Ctrl + Alt + I Switch in or out of print preview
Ctrl + Alt + K Start AutoFormat
Ctrl + Alt + M Insert a comment
Ctrl + Alt + N Switch to Draft view
Ctrl + Alt + O Switch to Outline view
Ctrl + Alt + P Switch to Print Layout view
Ctrl + Alt + R Insert the registered trademark symbol
Ctrl + Alt + T insert the trademark symbol
Ctrl + Alt + V Paste special
Ctrl + Alt + Y Repeat find (after closing Find and Replacewindow)
Ctrl + Alt + Z Switch between the last four places that you have edited
Ctrl + Alt + Shift + S Open Styles task pane
Ctrl + Shift + A Apply/remove the format of all letters as capitals
Ctrl + Shift + C Copy formats.
Ctrl + Shift + D Apply/remove double-underline text
Ctrl + Shift + E Turn change tracking on or off
Ctrl + Shift + F Open the Font dialog box to change the font
Ctrl + Shift + G Open the Word Count dialog box
Ctrl + Shift + H Apply hidden text formatting
Ctrl + Shift + K Format letters as small capitals
Ctrl + Shift + M Remove a paragraph indent from the left
Ctrl + Shift + N Apply the Normal style
Ctrl + Shift + Q Change the selection to the Symbol font
Ctrl + Shift + S Open Apply Styles task pane
Ctrl + Shift + T Reduce a hanging indent.
Ctrl + Shift + V Apply copied formatting (paste formatting) to text
Ctrl + Shift + W Apply/remove underline words but not the spaces
Ctrl + F1 Hide or show the Ribbon
Ctrl + F2 Choose the Print Preview command (Microsoft Office Button )
Ctrl + F3 Cut to the Spike
Ctrl + F4 Close the window
Ctrl + F6 When more than one window is open, switch to the next window
Ctrl + F9 Insert an empty field
Ctrl + F10 Maximize or restore a selected window
Ctrl + F11 Lock a field
Ctrl + F12 Choose the Open command (Microsoft Office Button)
Ctrl + F12 or Ctrl + O Display the Open dialog box
Ctrl + Alt + F1 Display Microsoft System Information.
Ctrl + Alt + F2 Choose the Open command (Microsoft Office Button)
Ctrl + Shift + F3 Insert the contents of the Spike
Ctrl + Shift + F5 Edit a bookmark
Ctrl + Shift + F6 Switch to the previous window
Ctrl + Shift + F7
Update linked information in a Microsoft Office Word source
document

18
Ctrl + Shift + F9 Unlink a field
Ctrl + Shift + F11 Unlock a field
Ctrl + Shift + F12 Choose the Print command (Microsoft Office Button)
Ctrl + [ Decrease font size 1 point
Ctrl + ] Increase font size 1 point
Ctrl + Del Delete one word to the right
Ctrl + End
Move to the end of a document or to the last preview page when
zoomed out
Ctrl + Enter A page break
Ctrl + Shift + End Extend a selection to the end of a document
Ctrl + Shift + Enter A column break
Ctrl + = Apply subscript formatting (automatic spacing)
Ctrl + + or Apply superscript formatting (automatic spacing)
Ctrl + Shift + =
Ctrl + Home
Move to the beginning of a document or to the first preview page
when zoomed out
Ctrl + - Create a non-breaking (optional) Hyphen or an en Dash
Ctrl + Shift + Home Extend a selection to the beginning of a document
Ctrl + Alt + Home
Open a list of browse options. Press the Arrow keys to select an
option, and then press Enter to browse through a document by
using the selected option.
Ctrl + _ or
Ctrl + Shift + -
Create a non-breaking Hyphen
Ctrl + Alt + - Create an em Dash
Ctrl + * or
Hide/display nonprinting characters, paragraph mark, and other
hidden formatting symbols.
Ctrl + Shift + 8 (asterisk (*) on numeric keypad does not work)
Ctrl + < or Decrease the font size
Ctrl + Shift + ,
Ctrl + > or
Ctrl + Shift + .
Increase the font size

19
Functional key shortcuts in MS-WORD 2007
F 1 Get Help or visit Microsoft Office Online.
F 2 Move text or graphics.
F 4 Repeat the last action.
F 5 Choose the Go To command (Home tab).
F 6 Go to the next pane or frame.
F 7 Choose the Spelling command (Review tab).
F 8 Extend a selection.
F 9 Update the selected fields.
F 10 Show Key Tips.
F 11 Go to the next field.
F 12 Choose the Save As command (Microsoft Office Button ).
Shift key shortuts in MS-WORD 2007
Shift + F1 Start context-sensitive Help or reveal formatting.
Shift + F2 Copy text.
Shift + F3 Change the case of letters.
Shift + F4 Repeat a Find or Go To action.
Shift + F5 Move to the last change.
Shift + F6 Go to the previous pane or frame (after pressing F6).
Shift + F7 Choose the Thesaurus command (Review tab, Proofing group).
Shift + F8 Shrink a selection.
Shift + F9 Switch between a field code and its result.
Shift + F10 Display a shortcut menu.
Shift + F11 Go to the previous field.
Shift + F12 Choose the Save command (Microsoft Office Button).

20
PowerPoint Shortcut Keys & Tips for MS- PPT 2010
Keys for deleting and copying text and objects
Task Shortcut key
Delete one character to the left BACKSPACE
Delete one word to the left CTRL + BACKSPACE
Delete one character to the right DELETE
Delete one word to the right CTRL + DELETE
Cut selected object CTRL + X
Copy selected object CTRL + C
Paste cut or copied object CTRL + V
Undo the last action CTRL + Z
Keys for moving around in text
Task Shortcut key
One character to the left LEFT ARROW
One character to the right RIGHT ARROW
One line up UP ARROW
One line down DOWN ARROW
One word to the left CTRL + LEFT ARROW
One word to the right CTRL + RIGHT ARROW
To the end of a line END
To the beginning of a line HOME
Up one paragraph CTRL + UP ARROW
Down one paragraph CTRL + DOWN ARROW
To the end of a text box CTRL + END
One character to the left SHIFT + LEFT ARROW
To the end of a word
CTRL + SHIFT +
RIGHT ARROW
To the beginning of a word
CTRL + SHIFT +
LEFT ARROW
One line up SHIFT + UP ARROW
One line down SHIFT + DOWN ARROW
An object
TAB or SHIFT + TAB until the object you
want is selected
All objects (slide view) CTRL + A
All slides (slide sorter view) CTRL + A
All text (outline view) CTRL + A
To the beginning of a text box CTRL + HOME
To the next title or body text placeholder CTRL + ENTER
To repeat the last Find action SHIFT + F4

21
Keys for working in windows and dialog boxes
In a window
Switch to the next program ALT + TAB
Switch to the previous program ALT + SHIFT + TAB
Show the Windows Start menu CTRL + ESC
Close the active presentation window CTRL + W
Restore the active presentation window CTRL + F5
Switch to the next presentation window CTRL + F6
Switch to the previous presentation window CTRL + SHIFT + F6
Carry out the Move command
(Presentation icon menu, menu bar)
CTRL + F7
Carry out the Size command
(Presentation icon menu, menu bar)
CTRL + F8
Minimize the presentation window CTRL + F9
Maximize the presentation window CTRL + F10
Select a folder in the Open or Save As
dialog box (File menu)
ALT + 0 to select the folder list; then the
arrow keys to select a folder
Select a toolbar button in the Open or Save
As dialog
box (File menu)
ALT + number
(1 for the leftmost button,
2 for the next, and so on)
Update the files visible in the Open or Save
As dialog box (File menu)
F5
Keys for working in an outline
Promote a paragraph
ALT + SHIFT +
LEFT ARROW
Demote a paragraph ALT + SHIFT + RIGHT ARROW
Move selected paragraphs up ALT + SHIFT + UP ARROW
Move selected paragraphs down
ALT + SHIFT +
DOWN ARROW
Show heading level 1 ALT + SHIFT + 1
Expand text below a heading ALT + SHIFT + PLUS
Collapse text below a heading ALT + SHIFT + MINUS
Show all text or headings ALT + SHIFT + A
Turn character formatting on or off
SLASH (/)
on the numeric keypad
Tip: You can use the same keys in slide view as you do in outline view to promote and
demote paragraphs and to move selected paragraphs up and down.

22
In a dialog box
Task Shortcut key
Switch to the next tab in a dialog box CTRL + TAB or CTRL + PAGE DOWN
Switch to the previous tab in a dialog box CTRL + SHIFT + TAB or CTRL + PAGE UP
Move to the next option or option group TAB key
Move to the previous option or option group SHIFT + TAB
In a text box
Task Shortcut key
Move to the beginning of the entry HOME
Move to the end of the entry END
Move one character to the left or right The LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW key
Move one word to the left or right
CTRL + LEFT ARROW or CTRL + RIGHT
ARROW
Select from the insertion point to the
beginning of the
entry
SHIFT + HOME
Keys for working with toolbars
Task Shortcut key
Make the menu bar active F10
Select the next or previous toolbar CTRL + TAB or CTRL + SHIFT + TAB
Select the next or previous button or menu
on the active toolbar
The TAB key or SHIFT +
TAB
Open the selected menu ENTER
Perform the action assigned to the selected
button
ENTER
Enter text in the selected text box ENTER
Select an option in a dropdown list box or
in a dropdown menu on a button
The arrow keys to move through the
options, then ENTER to select the option

23
Slide show controls
You can use the following shortcuts while running your slide show in full-screen mode.
Task Shortcut key
Advance to the next slide
N, ENTER, or the
SPACEBAR
(or click the mouse)
Return to the previous slide P or BACKSPACE
Go to slide <number> <number> + ENTER
Display a black screen, or return to the
slide show from a black screen
B
Display a white screen, or return to the slide
show from a white screen
W
Stop or restart an automatic slide show S
End a slide show ESC
Erase on-screen annotations E
Go to next hidden slide H
Set new timings while rehearsing T
Use original timings while rehearsing O
Use mouse-click to advance while rehearsing M
Return to the first slide Both mouse buttons for 2 seconds
Change the pointer to a pen CTRL + P
Change the pen to a pointer CTRL + A
Hide the pointer and button temporarily CTRL + H
Hide the pointer and button always CTRL + L
Display the shortcut menu SHIFT + F10 (or right-click)
Tip: You can press F1 during a slide show to see a list of controls.

24
CRTL + SHORTCUT KEYS IN MS-EXCEL-2007
KEYS DESCRIPTION
CTRL + PgUp Switches between worksheet tabs, from left-to-right
CTRL + PgDn Switches between worksheet tabs, from right-to-left
CTRL+SHIFT+( Un hides any hidden rows within the selection
CTRL+SHIFT+) Un hides any hidden columns within the selection
CTRL+SHIFT+& Applies the outline border to the selected cells
CTRL+SHIFT_ Removes the outline border from the selected cells
CTRL+SHIFT+~ Applies the General number format
CTRL+SHIFT+$
Applies the Currency format with two decimal places (negative numbers in
parentheses)
CTRL+SHIFT+% Applies the Percentage format with no decimal places
CTRL+SHIFT+^ Applies the Exponential number format with two decimal places
CTRL+SHIFT+# Applies the Date format with the day, month, and year
CTRL+SHIFT+@ Applies the Time format with the hour and minute, and AM or PM
CTRL+SHIFT+!
Applies the Number format with two decimal places, thousands separator,
and minus sign (-) for negative values
CTRL+SHIFT+*
Selects the current region around the active cell (the data area enclosed
by blank rows and blank columns)
In a PivotTable, it selects the entire PivotTable report
CTRL+SHIFT+: Enters the current time
CTRL+SHIFT+"
Copies the value from the cell above the active cell into the cell or the
Formula Bar
CTRL+SHIFT+Plus
(+)
Displays the Insert dialog box to insert blank cells
CTRL+Minus (-) Displays the Delete dialog box to delete the selected cells
CTRL+; Enters the current date
CTRL+`
Alternates between displaying cell values and displaying formulas in the
worksheet
CTRL+'
Copies a formula from the cell above the active cell into the cell or the
Formula Bar
CTRL+1 Displays the Format Cells dialog box
CTRL+2 Applies or removes bold formatting
CTRL+3 Applies or removes italic formatting
CTRL+4 Applies or removes underlining
CTRL+5 Applies or removes strikethrough
CTRL+6
Alternates between hiding objects, displaying objects, and displaying
placeholders for objects
CTRL+8 Displays or hides the outline symbols
CTRL+9 Hides the selected rows
CTRL+0 Hides the selected columns
CTRL+A
Selects the entire worksheet
If the worksheet contains data, CTRL+A selects the current region.
Pressing CTRL+A a second time selects the current region and its summary
rows. Pressing CTRL+A a third time selects the entire worksheet

25
CTRL+SHIFT+ A inserts the argument names and parentheses when the
insertion point is to the right of a function name in a formula
CTRL+B Applies or removes bold formatting
CTRL+C
Copies the selected cells
CTRL+C followed by another CTRL+C displays the Clipboard
CTRL+D
Uses the Fill Down command to copy the contents and format of the
topmost cell of a selected range into the cells below
CTRL+F
Displays the Find and Replace dialog box, with the Find tab selected
SHIFT+F5 also displays this tab, while SHIFT+F4 repeats the
last Find action.
CTRL+SHIFT+F opens the Format Cells dialog box with the Font tab
selected
CTRL+G
Displays the Go To dialog box
F5 also displays this dialog box
CTRL+H Displays the Find and Replace dialog box, with the Replace tab selected
CTRL+I Applies or removes italic formatting
CTRL+K
Displays the Insert Hyperlink dialog box for new hyperlinks or the Edit
Hyperlink dialog box for selected existing hyperlinks
CTRL+N Creates a new, blank workbook
CTRL+O
Displays the Open dialog box to open or find a file
CTRL+SHIFT+O selects all cells that contain comments
CTRL+P
Displays the Print dialog box
CTRL+SHIFT+P opens the Format Cells dialog box with the Font tab
selected
CTRL+R
Uses the Fill Right command to copy the contents and format of the
leftmost cell of a selected range into the cells to the right
CTRL+S Saves the active file with its current file name, location, and file format
CTRL+T Displays the Create Table dialog box
CTRL+U
Applies or removes underlining
CTRL+SHIFT+U switches between expanding and collapsing of the formula
bar
CTRL+V
Inserts the contents of the Clipboard at the insertion point and replaces
any selection. Available only after you have cut or copied an object, text,
or cell contents
CTRL+ALT+V displays the Paste Special dialog box. Available only after you
have cut or copied an object, text, or cell contents on a worksheet or in
another program
CTRL+W Closes the selected workbook window
CTRL+X Cuts the selected cells
CTRL+Y Repeats the last command or action, if possible
CTRL+Z
Uses the Undo command to reverse the last command or to delete the
last entry that you typed
CTRL+SHIFT+Z uses the Undo or Redo command to reverse or restore the
last automatic correction when AutoCorrect Smart Tags are displayed

26
OTHER USEFUL SHORTCUT KEYS IN SHORTCUT KEYS IN MS-EXCEL-2007
KEYS DESCRIPTION
ARROW KEYS
Move one cell up, down, left, or right in a worksheet
CTRL+ARROW KEY moves to the edge of the current data region in a
worksheet
SHIFT+ARROW KEY extends the selection of cells by one cell
CTRL+SHIFT+ARROW KEY extends the selection of cells to the last nonblank
cell in the same column or row as the active cell, or if the next cell is blank,
extends the selection to the next nonblank cell
LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW selects the tab to the left or right when the
Ribbon is selected. When a submenu is open or selected, these arrow keys
switch between the main menu and the submenu. When a Ribbon tab is
selected, these keys navigate the tab buttons
DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW selects the next or previous command when a
menu or submenu is open. When a Ribbon tab is selected, these keys navigate
up or down the tab group
In a dialog box, arrow keys move between options in an open drop-down list,
or between options in a group of options
DOWN ARROW or ALT+DOWN ARROW opens a selected drop-down list
BACKSPACE
Deletes one character to the left in the Formula Bar
Also clears the content of the active cell
In cell editing mode, it deletes the character to the left of the insertion point
DELETE
Removes the cell contents (data and formulas) from selected cells without
affecting cell formats or comments
In cell editing mode, it deletes the character to the right of the insertion point
END
Moves to the cell in the lower-right corner of the window when SCROLL LOCK
is turned on
Also selects the last command on the menu when a menu or submenu is
visible
CTRL+END moves to the last cell on a worksheet, in the lowest used row of the
rightmost used column. If the cursor is in the formula bar, CTRL+END moves
the cursor to the end of the text
CTRL+SHIFT+END extends the selection of cells to the last used cell on the
worksheet (lower-right corner). If the cursor is in the formula bar,
CTRL+SHIFT+END selects all text in the formula bar from the cursor position to
the end—this does not affect the height of the formula bar
ENTER
Completes a cell entry from the cell or the Formula Bar, and selects the cell
below (by default)
In a data form, it moves to the first field in the next record
Opens a selected menu (press F10 to activate the menu bar) or performs the
action for a selected command
In a dialog box, it performs the action for the default command button in the
dialog box (the button with the bold outline, often the OK button)
ALT+ENTER starts a new line in the same cell
CTRL+ENTER fills the selected cell range with the current entry

27
SHIFT+ENTER completes a cell entry and selects the cell above
ESC
Cancels an entry in the cell or Formula Bar
Closes an open menu or submenu, dialog box, or message window
It also closes full screen mode when this mode has been applied, and returns
to normal screen mode to display the Ribbon and status bar again
HOME
Moves to the beginning of a row in a worksheet
Moves to the cell in the upper-left corner of the window when SCROLL LOCK is
turned on
Selects the first command on the menu when a menu or submenu is visible
CTRL+HOME moves to the beginning of a worksheet
CTRL+SHIFT+HOME extends the selection of cells to the beginning of the
worksheet
PAGE DOWN
Moves one screen down in a worksheet
ALT+PAGE DOWN moves one screen to the right in a worksheet
CTRL+PAGE DOWN moves to the next sheet in a workbook
CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN selects the current and next sheet in a workbook
PAGE UP
Moves one screen up in a worksheet
ALT+PAGE UP moves one screen to the left in a worksheet
CTRL+PAGE UP moves to the previous sheet in a workbook
CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE UP selects the current and previous sheet in a workbook
SPACEBAR
In a dialog box, performs the action for the selected button, or selects or
clears a check box
CTRL+SPACEBAR selects an entire column in a worksheet
SHIFT+SPACEBAR selects an entire row in a worksheet
CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR selects the entire worksheet
If the worksheet contains data, CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR selects the current
region Pressing CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR a second time selects the current
region and its summary rows. Pressing CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR a third time
selects the entire worksheet
When an object is selected, CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR selects all objects on a
worksheet
ALT+SPACEBAR displays the Control menu for the Microsoft Office Excel
window
TAB
Moves one cell to the right in a worksheet
Moves between unlocked cells in a protected worksheet
Moves to the next option or option group in a dialog box
SHIFT+TAB moves to the previous cell in a worksheet or the previous option in
a dialog box
CTRL+TAB switches to the next tab in dialog box
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB switches to the previous tab in a dialog box

28
FUNCTIONAL SHORTCUT KEYS IN MS-EXCEL-2007
F1 Displays the Microsoft Office Excel Help task pane.
CTRL+F1 displays or hides the Ribbon, a component of the Microsoft Office Fluent
user interface.
ALT+F1 creates a chart of the data in the current range.
ALT+SHIFT+F1 inserts a new worksheet.
F2 Edits the active cell and positions the insertion point at the end of the cell contents. It
also moves the insertion point into the Formula Bar when editing in a cell is turned
off.
SHIFT+F2 adds or edits a cell comment.
CTRL+F2 displays the Print Preview window.
F3 Displays the Paste Name dialog box.
SHIFT+F3 displays the Insert Function dialog box.
F4 Repeats the last command or action, if possible.
When a cell reference or range is selected in a formula, F4 cycles through the various
combinations of absolute and relative references.
CTRL+F4 closes the selected workbook window.
F5 Displays the Go To dialog box.
CTRL+F5 restores the window size of the selected workbook window.
F6 Switches between the worksheet, Ribbon, task pane, and Zoom controls. In a
worksheet that has been split (View menu, Manage This Window, Freeze Panes, Split
Window command), F6 includes the split panes when switching between panes and
the Ribbon area.
SHIFT+F6 switches between the worksheet, Zoom controls, task pane, and Ribbon.
CTRL+F6 switches to the next workbook window when more than one workbook
window is open.
F7 Displays the Spelling dialog box to check spelling in the active worksheet or selected
range.

29
CTRL+F7 performs the Move command on the workbook window when it is not
maximized. Use the arrow keys to move the window, and when finished press ENTER,
or ESC to cancel.
F8 Turns extend mode on or off. In extend mode, Extended Selection appears in the
status line, and the arrow keys extend the selection.
SHIFT+F8 enables you to add a nonadjacent cell or range to a selection of cells by
using the arrow keys.
CTRL+F8 performs the Size command (on the Control menu for the workbook
window) when a workbook is not maximized.
ALT+F8 displays the Macro dialog box to create, run, edit, or delete a macro.
F9 Calculates all worksheets in all open workbooks.
SHIFT+F9 calculates the active worksheet.
CTRL+ALT+F9 calculates all worksheets in all open workbooks, regardless of whether
they have changed since the last calculation.
CTRL+ALT+SHIFT+F9 rechecks dependent formulas, and then calculates all cells in all
open workbooks, including cells not marked as needing to be calculated.
CTRL+F9 minimizes a workbook window to an icon.
F10 Turns key tips on or off.
SHIFT+F10 displays the shortcut menu for a selected item.
ALT+SHIFT+F10 displays the menu or message for a smart tag. If more than one smart
tag is present, it switches to the next smart tag and displays its menu or message.
CTRL+F10 maximizes or restores the selected workbook window.
F11 Creates a chart of the data in the current range.
SHIFT+F11 inserts a new worksheet.
ALT+F11 opens the Microsoft Visual Basic Editor, in which you can create a
macro by using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).

30
Gmail Shortcut Keys
Shortcut
Key
Definition Action
c Compose
Allows you to compose a new message. <Shift> + c allows you to
compose a message in a new window.
/ Search Puts your cursor in the search box.
k
Move to newer
conversation
Opens or moves your cursor to a more recent conversation. You
can press <Enter> to expand a conversation.
j
Move to older
conversation
Opens or moves your cursor to the next oldest conversation. You
can press <Enter> to expand a conversation.
N Next message
Moves your cursor to the next message. You can press <Enter>
to expand or collapse a message. (Only applicable in
'Conversation View.')
p
Previous
message
Moves your cursor to the previous message. You can press
<Enter> to expand or collapse a message. (Only applicable in
'Conversation View.')
o or
<Enter>
Open
Opens your conversation. Also expands or collapses a message
if you are in 'Conversation View'.
u
Return to
conversation list
Refreshes your page and returns you to the inbox or list of
conversations.
y
Archive*
Remove from
current view
Automatically removes the message or conversation from your
current view.
From 'Inbox', 'y' means Archive
From 'Starred', 'y' means Unstar
From any label, 'y' means Remove the label
* 'y' has no effect if you are in 'Spam', 'Sent' or 'All Mail'.
x
Select
conversation
Automatically checks and selects a conversation so that you can
archive, apply a label or choose an action from the drop-down
menu to apply to that conversation.
s
Star a message
or conversation
Adds or removes a star to a message or conversation. Stars allow
you to give a special status to a message or conversation.
! Report spam
Marks a message as spam and removes it from your
conversation list.
r Reply
Reply to the message sender. <Shift> + r allows you to reply to a
message in a new window. (Only applicable in 'Conversation
View'.)
a Reply all
Reply to all message recipients. <Shift> + a allows you to reply to
all message recipients in a new window. (Only applicable in
'Conversation View'.)
f Forward
Forward a message. <Shift> + f allows you to forward a message
in a new window. (Only applicable in 'Conversation View'.)

31
Combo-keys - Use the following combinations of keys to navigate through Google
Mail.
Shortcut Key Definition Action
<tab> +
<Enter>
Send
message
After composing your message, use this combination to send it
automatically. (Supported only in
Internet Explorer.)
y + o
Archive and
next
Archive your conversation and move to the next one.
g + a
Go to 'All
Mail'
Takes you to 'All Mail', the storage site for all mail you have ever
sent or received (and have not deleted).
g + s
Go to
'Starred'
Takes you to all conversations that you have starred.
g + c
Go to
'Contacts'
Takes you to your Contacts list.
g + d
Go to
'Drafts'
Takes you to all drafts you have saved.
g + i
Go to
'Inbox'
Returns you to the inbox.

32
SHORTCUT KEYS FOR YAHOO MAIL
Command Shortcut
Check Mail m
Check All Mail (includes all POP accounts) Shift+m
Close Current Tab Ctrl+
New Message n
New Folder Ctrl+Shift+e
Reply r
Reply All a
Put message in one of your first 9 folders 1-9 (e.g., press 2 for 2nd folder; won’t work beyond 9)
Forward message f
Mark As Read k
Mark As Unread Shift+k
Flag l (that’s an L, not a one)
Clear Flag Shift+l (that’s an L, not a one)
Delete Item Your “delete” key
Print p
Save Draft Ctrl+s
Send Message Ctrl+Enter
Turn Reading Pane on and off v
Navigate through tabs—leftwards motion Ctrl+[
Navigate through tabs—rightwards motion Ctrl+]
Open message(s) in its own tab Enter (select one message at a time)
Edit contact info Enter (select a contact first, in Contacts)
Find a word or phrase in a message Ctrl+f
Expand window to maximum height F11
Next message (in message tab) Ctrl+. (that’s Ctrl with the period)
Previous message (in message tab) Ctrl+, (Ctrl with the comma)
Skip to oldest unread message Ctrl+Shift+End
Move message to a folder d
Close read-message tab Esc
Start a new chat c
Search box s

33
Google Chrome Keyboard Shortcuts
Page Shortcuts
Description Key/s
Page Up Alt + up arrow
Home Ctrl + Alt + up arrow
End Ctrl + Alt + down arrow
Scroll down the current web page Spacebar
Print the current page Ctrl + P
Save the current page Ctrl + S
Reload the current page Ctrl + R
Reload from scratch Ctrl + Shift + R
Zoom in on the page Ctrl and +
Zoom out on the page Ctrl and -
Reset to normal zoom level Ctrl + 0
Stop loading the current page Esc
Bookmark the current page Ctrl + D
Find (Search the current page) Ctrl + F
View page source Ctrl + U
Alt + Click on a link Opens the link in a new background tab
Toggle the display of the Developer
Tools panel
Ctrl + Shift + I
Zoom in Ctrl +
Zoom out Ctrl +
Tab and Window Navigation
Open a New Window Ctrl + N
Open a New Incognito Window (Private
mode:
doesn’t keep track of history or cookies)
Ctrl + Shift + N
Open a New Tab Ctrl + T
Open a File Ctrl + O
Close the current tab Ctrl + W
Close the current window Ctrl + Shift + W

34
Reopen the last tab that was closed Ctrl + Shift + T
Go to a specific tab Ctrl + (1 – 9)
Go to the last tab in the window Ctrl + 9
Go to a specific window Alt + (1 – 9)
Go to the last open window Alt + 9
Go to the next tab Ctrl + Tab
Go to the previous tab Ctrl + Shift + Tab
Go to the next open window Alt + Tab
Go to the previous open window Alt + Shift + Tab
Go back (previous page in history) Backspace, or Alt + Left arrow
Forward (next page in history)
Shift + Backspace, or
Alt + Right arrow
Open the link in a background tab Ctrl + Click on a link
Open the link in a new tab and switches to
the new tab
Ctrl + Shift + Click on a link
Open the link in a new window Shift + Click on a link
Editing Shortcuts
Select all Ctrl + A
Select the text in the address bar Ctrl + L or Alt + D
Select next word or letter Ctrl + Shift + right arrow
Select previous word or letter Ctrl + Shift + left arrow
Move to the start of the next word Ctrl + right arrow
Move to the start of the previous word Ctrl + left arrow
Page up Alt + up arrow
Page down Alt + down arrow
Undo the last action Ctrl + Z
Copy to the clipboard Ctrl + C
Cut to the clipboard Ctrl + X
Paste from the clipboard Ctrl + V

35
Paste as plain text without formatting Ctrl + Shift + V
Delete (forward delete) Alt + Backspace
Browser Settings and Navigation
Show or hide the bookmarks bar Ctrl + Shift + B
Open file manager Ctrl + M
Open history page Ctrl + H
Open downloads page Ctrl + J
Open task manager Shift + Esc
See list of available keyboard shortcuts Ctrl + Alt + /
Visit the help center Ctrl + ?
Move focus to the top-right status area
without using the mouse
Shift + Alt + S
Open the wrench menu Alt + E
Toggle accessibility features (when not
signed in with a Google account)
Ctrl + Alt + Z

36
Abbrevations used in Computer
ACL - Access Control List
ADC - Analog-to-Digital Converter
ADF - Automatic Document Feeder
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit
ANSI - American National Standards Institute
API - Application Program Interface
APU - Accelerated Processing Unit
ATA - Advanced Technology Attachment
BASIC - Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
Bcc - Blind Carbon Copy
BIOS - Basic Input/Output System
CAD - Computer-Aided Design
Cc - Carbon copy
CD - Compact Disc
CD-R - Compact Disc Recordable
CD-ROM - Compact Disc Read-Only Memory
CD-RW - Compact Disc Re-Writable
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRM - Customer Relationship Management
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CSS - Cascading Style Sheet
CTP - Composite Theoretical Performance
CTR - Click-Through Rate
DAC - Digital-to-Analog Converter

37
DAW - Digital Audio Workstation
DBMS - Database Management System
DCIM - Digital Camera IMages
DDL - Data Definition Language
DDR - Double Data Rate
DDR2 - Double Data Rate 2
DDR3 - Double Data Rate Type 3
DLC - Downloadable Content
DLL - Dynamic Link Library
DNS - Domain Name System
DOS - Disk Operating System
DPI - Dots Per Inch
DV - Digital Video
DVD - Digital Versatile Disc
DVD+R - Digital Versatile Disc Recordable
DVD+RW - Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable
DVD-R - Digital Versatile Disc Recordable
DVD-RAM - Digital Versatile Disc Random Access Memory
DVD-RW- Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable
DVR - Digital Video Recorder
Email: Electronic mail
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
Gbps - Gigabits Per Second
GIGO - Garbage In, Garbage Out
GIS - Geographic Information Systems

38
GPIO - General Purpose Input/Output
GPS - Global Positioning System
GPU - Graphics Processing Unit
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HDMI - High-Definition Multimedia Interface
HDTV - High Definition Television
HDV - High-Definition Video
HTML - Hyper-Text Mark up Language
HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTPS - HyperText Transport Protocol Secure
I/O - Input/Output
ICF - Internet Connection Firewall
ICS - Internet Connection Sharing
ICT - Information and Communication Technologies
IDE - Integrated Device Electronics or Integrated Development Environment
IM - Instant Message
IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol
IP - Internet Protocol
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
IVR - Interactive Voice Response
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
Kbps - Kilobits Per Second
KVM Switch - Keyboard, Video, and Mouse Switch
LAN - Local Area Network

39
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
LED - Light-Emitting Diode
LPI - Lines Per Inch
MIS - Management Information System
MMS - Multimedia Messaging Service
MP3 - MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3
NIC - Network Interface Card
NSP - Network Service Provider
NUI - Natural User Interface
OSD - On Screen Display
OSP - Online Service Provider
PC - Personal Computer
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PDF - Portable Document Format
PNG - Portable Network Graphic
PPC - Pay Per Click
PPI - Pixels Per Inch
PPL - Pay Per Lead
PPM - Pages Per Minute
PPP - Point to Point Protocol
PPPoE - Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
PRAM - Parameter Random Access Memory
QBE - Query By Example
RAID - Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RDF - Resource Description Framework

40
RDRAM - Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory
RFID - Radio-Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computing
ROM - Read-Only Memory
RTF - Rich Text Format
RUP - Rational Unified Process
SaaS - Software as a Service
SAN - Storage Area Network
SD - Secure Digital
SDSL - Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line
SEO - Search Engine Optimization
SLA - Software License or Service Level Agreement
SMM - Social Media Marketing
SMS - Short Message Service
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol
SQL - Structured Query Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VDU - Visual Display Unit
VFAT - Virtual File Allocation Table
VGA - Video Graphics Array
VPI - Virtual Path Identifier

41
VPN - Virtual Private Network
VRAM - Video Random Access Memory
WAN - Wide Area Network
WDDM - Windows Display Driver Model
WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy
Wi-Fi - Wireless Fidelity
WPA - Wi-Fi Protected Access
WWW - World Wide Web
XML - Extensible Markup Language
XMP - Extensible Metadata Platform
ZIF - Zero Insertion Force
Useful sources for Computer education
www.educationonlineforcomputers.com
www.gcflearnfree.org
www.indiandost.com/edu
www.jayonline.co.uk
www.microagecs.com
www.microsoft.com
www.teamtreehouse.com
www.tutorialspoint.com
www.websitesetupguide.com

42
REFERENCES
Kundu, S., 2005, Fundamentals of Computer networks, Prentice-Hall of Indian Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi
Sinha, P. K. and Sinha, P., 2012, Computer fundamentals, BPB Publications, New Delhi.
www.answers.yahoo.com
www.gcflearnfree.org
www.jayonline.co.uk
www.microagecs.com
www.microsoft.com
www.whatis.techtarget.com

43
About Authors:
Keerthi, S. is studying M. Sc. (Agri) in Agricultural Economics,
College of Agriculture, Vijayapura (UAS, Dharwad) and graduated
B.Sc. (Ag. Maco) from UAS, Bengaluru. He has presented several
research papers in National seminars and several popular articles
got published in esteemed farm magazines.
Email: keerthisjp@yahoo.com
Lokesh, S. has worked as Graduate Assistant in PPMC, VC
office, UAS, Dharwad. He is known for his excellence in computer
knowledge. He has completed M.Sc. (Agri) from UAS, Dharwad and
B.Sc. (Agri) from UAS, Bengaluru. He has presented several papers
in national conferences.
Email: lokesh835@gmail.com

Basic Concepts in Computer Education for Agriculture Graduates

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