A report for our class in computer science and basic computer literate

1. JOHN REY LOKING
JOEBERT KIONISALA
JESSIE ESTRADA
LIRAMAE LAGUBIS
BASIC COMPUTER

2. 1. 1954 FORTRAN
1954 saw the development of the Fortran programming
language (short for “Formula Translation”). It was developed by
a team at IBM led by John Backus and was the first high-level
programming language to be widely used.
Fortran was developed to make it easier for scientists
and engineers to write programs for scientific and engineering
calculations. It introduced many features that are now common
in programming languages, such as loops and subroutines.
Fortran was initially implemented on the IBM 704
computer and quickly became popular among scientists and
engineers. It was known for its efficiency in handling numerical
calculations, and it played a significant role in advancing
scientific and engineering research.

3. 2. 1956 hard drive for mainframe computer
The first hard drive for a mainframe computer
was not developed until 1956. It was the IBM 305 RAMAC
(Random Access Method of Accounting and Control)
system. The IBM 305 RAMAC used magnetic disks to
store data, and it had a storage capacity of 5 million
characters (approximately 5 megabytes). This was a
significant milestone in computer technology, as it allowed
for much larger amounts of data to be stored and
accessed quickly.
Reynold B. Johnson
Johnson (July 16, 1906 – September 15, 1998)
was an American inventor and computer pioneer. A long-
time employee of IBM, Johnson is said to be the “father” of
the hard disk drive.

4. 3. ATLAS
Atlas was developed by a team of researchers at the
University of Manchester in the 1950s. The project was led by
computer scientist and mathematician Tom Kilburn, with
assistance from computer engineer Freddie Williams.
Atlas had advanced features for its time, including virtual
memory, a sophisticated operating system, and multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) technology. It was also one of the first
computers to utilize paging and segmentation techniques for
memory management.
The development of Atlas and its associated technology
significantly contributed to the advancement of computing,
especially in the fields of programming, storage, and architecture.

5. 4. CRAY COMPUTER
The Cray-1 supercomputer was developed in the
1970s by Seymour Cray, an American electrical engineer and
computer architect. Seymour Cray founded Cray Research,
Inc. in 1972, with the goal of designing and building the
fastest computers in the world. The company went on to
become a major player in the supercomputer industry. The
Cray-1, which was released in 1976, was the first vector
supercomputer and was known for its innovative design and
exceptional performance. It featured a unique cylindrical
shape and powerful vector processing capabilities, making it
a remarkable achievement in computer engineering at the
time.

6. 5. 1960 PDP-1
1960: The PDP-1 is developed at Digital
Equipment Corporation by Benjamin Curley. It is the first
minicomputer. 1960: The first removable disks are
invented. 1961: The Stretch computer, a transistorized
machine with 64-bit data paths, is delivered to Los
Alamos by IBM.

7. 6. 1962 mouse
The development of the computer mouse began in 1963, so it’s worth
mentioning this decade for historical accuracy.
The computer mouse was invented by Douglas Engelbart, an
American engineer and inventor, in 1963. He was working at the Stanford
Research Institute (SRI) when he came up with the idea of creating a pointing
device for interacting with computer systems. Engelbart’s original design
featured a wooden shell with two metal wheels at the bottom, which allowed
the mouse to move in any direction.
In 1968, Engelbart demonstrated the mouse along with various other
groundbreaking technologies during what became known as “The Mother of All
Demos.” This presentation showcased the potential of personal computing and
featured the first public demonstration of hypertext, video conferencing, and
windowed graphical user interfaces.
The mouse's development continued in the following years, with
improvements made to its design and functionality.

8. 7. 1964 BASIC
In 1964, the BASIC programming language was developed by
John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz at Dartmouth College. BASIC (an
acronym for Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) was
created with the goal of making computer programming accessible to
non-specialists and beginners.
The language was designed to be simple, easy to learn, and
practical for a wide range of applications. It introduced several innovative
features, including the use of line numbers for program control flow and
a friendly, English-like syntax.
BASIC quickly gained popularity and became one of the most
widely used programming languages of the time. It was implemented on
various computer systems and played a significant role in the personal
computer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.