A slide in which basic c concepts are explained, IF/ELSE, FOR LOOP, WHILE LOOP, DO-WHILE LOOP, SWITCH STATEMENT, etc.

2. PROGRAMMING
Presentation By :-
Farooq Mian
Mubashir Hussain
Ishfaq Ahmad
To :- Sir Abdul Quddus Bajwa

3. Farooq
Topics :-
• 1- Break
• 2- Continue
• 3- Switch
• 4- Nested if Else

4. Break Statement:-
The break
statement is used in the body
of the loop to exit from the
loop. When this statement is
executed in the loop body, the
remaining iterations of the loop
are skipped. The control
directly moves outside the body
and the statement that comes
after the body is executed.
Example:-
for(int a=1; a<=5; a++)
{
cout<<“farooq”<<endl;
break;
cout<<“Computer“<<endl;
}
cout<<“break statement”;

5. Continue Statement:-
The continue
statement is used in the body
of the loop. It is used to move
the control to start of the loop
body. When this statement is
executed in the loop body, the
remaining statements of
current iteration are not
executed. The control directly
moves to the next iteration.
Example:-
for(int b=1; b<=5; b++)
{
cout<<“farooq”<<endl;
continue;
cout<<“Computer“<<endl;
}

6. Nested If:-
An if statement
within an if statement is
called nested if statement.
In nested structure, the
control enters into the
inner if only when the
outer condition is true.
Only one block of
statements are executed
and the remaining blocks
are skipped automatically.
Syntax:-
If (condition)
if (condition)
{ Inner if
statement(s);
} Outer if
else
{
statement(s);
}
else
{
statement(s);
}

7. Example:-
#include<constream.h>
void main () {
int a,b,c;
clrscr();
cout<<“Enter three numbers: “;
cin>>a>>b>>c;
if(a<b)
if (a<c) Outer if
cout<<a<<“ is smallest number.”;
else Inner if
cout<<c<<“ is smallest number.”;
if (b<c)
cout<<b<<“ is smallest number.”;
else
cout<<c<<“is smallest number.”;
getch();
}

8. Switch Statement:-
The switch
statement is another
conditional structure. It is a
good alternative of nested if
else. It can be used easily when
there are many choices
available and only one should
be executed. Nested if becomes
very difficult in such situation.
Syntax:-
switch (expression)
{
case constant 1:
statement(s);
break;
case constant 2:
statement(s);
break;
.
.
.
case constant n:
statement(s);
break;
default:
statement(s);
}

9. Example:-
#include<constream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
cout<<endl<<"Grafika Printers"<<endl;
int a;
cout<<endl<<" Enter I.D:- ";
cin>>a;
switch(a)
{
case 113323:
cout<<endl<<" Name:- Farooq Tasneem Mian";
break;
case 113324:
cout<<endl<<" Name:- Ahmed Tasneem Mian";
break;
case 113325:
cout<<endl<<" Name:- Muhammad Tasneem Mian";
break;
default:
cout<<endl<<" Invaid I.D"<<endl;
}
getch();
}

10. Mubashir
Topics :-
• 1- Goto
• 2- Loops
• 3- Return

11. Goto Statement:-
The ‘goto’
statement is used to move the
control directly to a particular
location of the program by
using label. A label is a name
given to a particular line of the
program. A label is created with
a vaild identifier followed by a
colon (:)
Syntax:-
goto Label;
The ‘Label’ indicates the lable to which
the control is transferred.
Example:-
#include<constream.h>
void main () {
int n=1;
loop:
cout<<n<<“ C++”<<endl;
n++;
if (n<=5) goto loop;
getch();
}

12. Loops:-
A type of control
structure that repeats a
statement or set of statements
is known as looping structure.
Types of Loops :-
1. While loop
2. Do-while loop
3. For loop

13. While loop:-
while loop is the
simplest loop of C++ language.
This loop exectues one or more
statements while the given
condition remains true. It is
useful when the number of
iterations is not known in
advance.
Syntax:-
while (condition)
statement;
Example:-
#include<constream.h>
void main () {
int a=1;
while (a<=5) {
cout<<“C++”<<endl;
a++;
}
getch();
}

14. Do-While loop:-
do-while is an
iterative control in c++
language. This loop executes
one or more statements while
the given condition is true. In
this loop, the condition comes
after the body of the loop. It is
an important loop in a situation
when the loop body must be
executed at least once.
Syntax:-
do
{ statement 1;
statement 2;
} while (condition);
Example:-
#include<constream.h>
void main () {
int a=10;
do {
cout<<a<<endl;
a=a-1; }
while (a>=10)
getch();
}

15. For loop:-
for loop executes
one or more statements for a
specified number of times. This
loop is also called counter-
controlled loop. It is the most
flexible loop. That is why, it is
the most frequently used loop
by the programmers.
Syntax:-
for (initialization;condition;++/--)
Example:-
#include<constream.h>
void main () {
int a;
for(a=1;a<=5;a++)
cout<<a<<endl;
getch();
}

16. Return Statement:-
if return =0
then it gives successful
termination and if we return
any variable then it gives its
value to specific variable.
Example:-
(int sum (int a, int b))
{
int add;
add=a+b;
return add;

17. Ishfaq
Topics :-
• 1- Control Structure
• 2- If
• 3- If Else

18. Control Structure:-
A
statement used to control the
flow of execution in a program
is called control structure. The
instructions in a program can
be organized in three kinds of
control structures to control
execution flow. The control
structures are used to
implement the program logic.
Types of Control Structure:-
1. Selection
2. Sequence
3. Repetition
4. Function Call

19. If Statement:-
if is a keyword in
C++ language. If statement is a
decision-making statement. It is
the simplest form of selection
constructs. It is used to execute
or skip a statement or a set of
statements by checking a
condition.
Syntax:-
if (condition)
statement;
Example:-
#include<constream.h>
void main () {
int marks;
cout<<“Enter your marks”;
cin>>marks;
if (marks>=40)
cout<<“You passed”;
getch();
}

20. If-Else Statement:-
if-else statement is
another type of if statement. It
executes one block of
statement(s) when the
condition is true and the other
when it is false. In any
situation, one block is executed
and the other is skipped. In if-
else statement.
Syntax:-
if (condition)
statement;
else
statement;
Example:-
#include<constream.h>
void main () {
int a;
cout<<“Enter Number”;
cin>>a;
if (a%2==0)
cout<<a<<“is odd”;
else
cout<<a<<“is even”;
getch();
}

21. THANK
YOU