Based on Baker's tree, do you think that penguin species present in South America today: A evolved from a single common ancestor that migrated from Antarctica to South America a long time ago, and then split into different species; or B resulted from separate migration events by different species that evolved in Antarctica? Figure 2. Bayesian estimate of phylogenetic relationships of modern penguins. Phylogenetic reconstruction was based on 2802 bp of RAG-1 and 2889 bp of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rDNA, cyt b and COI, excluding gaps and ambiguously aligned positions. Numbers above branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities/ML bootstrap proportions/MP bootstrap proportion, which are represented as open star when (1.0/100/100). Branches for more distant outgroups were shortened for graphic purposes. A bar represents the expected number of DNA substitutions per site. Each genus is colour-coded. Penguin drawings were modified from del Hoyo et al. (1992), with permission, from Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. .