An extensive effort to evolve various routing protocol to ensure optimal data delivery in energy efficient way is beneficial only if there is additional means of security process is synchronized. However, the security process consideration introduces additional overhead thus a security mechanism is needed to accomplish an optimal trade-off that exists in-between security as well as resource utilization especially energy. The prime purpose of this paper is to develop a process of security in the context of wireless sensor networks (WSN) by introducing two types of sensor node deployed with different capabilities. The proposed algorithm Novel Model of Secure Paradigm (N-MSP) which is further integrated with WSN. However, this algorithm uses a Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) authentication followed by pairwise key establishment during data aggregation process in a WSN. The extensive simulation carried out in a numerical platform called MATLAB that depicts that the proposed N-MSP achieves optimal processing time along with energy efficient pairwise key establishment during data aggregation process.
User Selective Encryption Method for Securing MANETs IJECEIAES
Security issue is getting important day by day. At present, there are a variety of methodologies to provide protection for data confidentiality. MANETs have lots of security challenges than traditional networks like infrastructureless and self-organizing requirements. As t he MANETs are dynamic networks that’s make every transmission in such networks vulnerable to many attacks and improving security level becomes a main issue. This paper introduces a user selective encryption method by operating Data Encryption Standard (DES ), Triple DES (3DES), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (DHKE) protocol for key management in order to improve MANET security. Through the Network Simulator-2 (NS-2), the we investigat e the performance of the proposed method in terms of data transfer time and network throughput for different data sizes and different sender-to-receiver number of hops. The results show the superiority of AES over other encryption algorithms. Furthermore, the effectiveness of our proposed method is verified through comparing our results with those obtained from previous studies.
AN EFFICIENT SECURE CRYPTOGRAPHY SCHEME FOR NEW ML-BASED RPL ROUTING PROTOCOL...IJNSA Journal
Internet of Things (IoT) offers reliable and seamless communication for the heterogeneous dynamic lowpower and lossy network (LLNs). To perform effective routing in IoT communication, LLN Routing Protocol (RPL) is developed for the tiny nodes to establish connection by using deflaut objective functions: OF0, MRHOF, for which resources are constraints like battery power, computation capacity, memory communication link impacts on varying traffic scenarios in terms of QoS metrics like packet delivery ratio, delay, secure communication channel. At present, conventional Internet of Things (IoT) are having secure communication channels issue for transmission of data between nodes. To withstand those issues, it is necessary to balance resource constraints of nodes in the network. In this paper, we developed a security algorithm for IoT networks with RPL routing. Initially, the constructed network in corporates optimizationbased deep learning (reinforcement learning) for route establishment in IoT. Upon the establishment of the route, the ClonQlearn based security algorithm is implemented for improving security which is based onaECC scheme for encryption and decryption of data. The proposed security technique incorporates reinforcement learning-based ClonQlearnintegrated with ECC (ClonQlearn+ECC) for random key generation. The proposed ClonQlearn+ECCexhibits secure data transmission with improved network performance when compared with the earlier works in simulation. The performance of network expressed that the proposed ClonQlearn+ECC increased the PDR of approximately 8% - 10%, throughput of 7% - 13%, end-to-end delay of 5% - 10% and power consumption variation of 3% - 7%.
FSDA: Framework for Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network for En...IJECEIAES
An effective key management plays a crucial role in imposing a resilient security technique in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). After reviewing the existing approaches of key management, it is confirmed that existing approachs does not offer good coverage on all potential security breaches in WSN. With WSN being essential part of Internet-of-Things (IoT), the existing approaches of key management can definitely not address such security breaches. Therefore, this paper introduces a Framework for Secure Data Aggregation (FSDA) that hybridizes the public key encryption mechanism in order to obtain a novel key management system. The proposed system does not target any specific attacks but is widely applicable for both internal and external attacks in WSN owing to its design principle. The study outcome exhibits that proposed FSDA offers highly reduced computational burden, minimal delay, less energy consumption, and higher data transmission perforance in contrast to frequency used encryption schemes in WSN.
S3 INFOTECH +91 988 48 48 198
# 10/1, Jones Road, Saidapet, Chennai – 15. Ph: 044-3201 7467, 9884848198.
www.s3computers.com E-Mail: info@s3computers.com
The document lists 10 project titles from IEEE 2015 related to wireless networks and security. The projects address topics such as detecting malicious nodes in mobile ad hoc networks, enhancing security and caching in MANETs, providing multicast connectivity in flexgrid optical networks, and optimizing resource allocation and base station selection in heterogeneous networks.
A N E NERGY -E FFICIENT A ND S CALABLE S LOT - B ASED P RIVACY H OMOMOR...ijassn
With the advent of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) a
nd its immense popularity in a wide range of
applications, security has been a major concern for
these resource-constraint systems. Alongside secur
ity,
WSNs are currently being integrated with existing t
echnologies such as the Internet, satellite, Wi-Max
, Wi-
Fi, etc. in order to transmit data over long distan
ces and hand-over network load to more powerful dev
ices.
With the focus currently being on the integration o
f WSNs with existing technologies, security becomes
a
major concern. The main security requirement for WS
N-integrated networks is providing end-to-end
security along with the implementation of in-proces
sing techniques of data aggregation. This can be
achieved with the implementation of Homomorphic enc
ryption schemes which prove to be computationally
inexpensive since they have considerable overheads.
This paper addresses the ID-issue of the commonly
used Castelluccia Mykletun Tsudik (CMT) [12] homomo
rphic scheme by proposing an ID slotting
mechanism which carries information pertaining to t
he security keys responsible for the encryption of
individual sensor data. The proposed scheme proves
to be 93.5% lighter in terms of induced overheads a
nd
11.86% more energy efficient along with providing e
fficient WSN scalability compared to the existing
scheme. The paper provides analytical results compa
ring the proposed scheme with the existing scheme
thus justifying that the modification to the existi
ng scheme can prove highly efficient for resource-
constrained WSNs.
AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND SCALABLE SLOTBASED PRIVACY HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION SCH...ijassn
With the advent of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and its immense popularity in a wide range of applications, security has been a major concern for these resource-constraint systems. Alongside security, WSNs are currently being integrated with existing technologies such as the Internet, satellite, Wi-Max, WiFi, etc. in order to transmit data over long distances and hand-over network load to more powerful devices. With the focus currently being on the integration of WSNs with existing technologies, security becomes a major concern. The main security requirement for WSN-integrated networks is providing end-to-end security along with the implementation of in-processing techniques of data aggregation. This can be achieved with the implementation of Homomorphic encryption schemes which prove to be computationally inexpensive since they have considerable overheads. This paper addresses the ID-issue of the commonly used Castelluccia Mykletun Tsudik (CMT) [12] homomorphic scheme by proposing an ID slotting mechanism which carries information pertaining to the security keys responsible for the encryption of individual sensor data. The proposed scheme proves to be 93.5% lighter in terms of induced overheads and 11.86% more energy efficient along with providing efficient WSN scalability compared to the existing scheme. The paper provides analytical results comparing the proposed scheme with the existing scheme thus justifying that the modification to the existing scheme can prove highly efficient for resourceconstrained WSNs.
Novel framework using dynamic passphrase towards secure and energy-efficient ...IJECEIAES
At Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) has been long-researched topic in adhoc network owing to the associated advantages in its cost-effective application as well as consistent loophopes owing to its inherent charecteristics. This manuscript draws a relationship between the energy factor and security factor which has not been emphasized in any existing studies much. Review of existing security approaches shows that they are highly attack specific, uses complex encryption, and overlooks the involvement of energy factor in it. Therefore, the proposed system introduces a novel mechanism where security tokens and passphrases are utilized in order to offer better security. The proposed system also introduces the usage of an agent node which communications with mobile nodes using group-based communication system thereby ensuring reduced computational effort of mobile nodes towards establishing secured communication. The outcome shows proposed system offers better outcome in contrast to existing system.
n-Tier Modelling of Robust Key management for Secure Data Aggregation in Wire...IJECEIAES
Security problems in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have been researched from more than a decade. There are various security approaches being evolving towards resisting various forms of attack using different methodologies. After reviewing the existing security approaches, it can be concluded that such security approaches are highly attack-specific and doesnt address various associated issues in WSN. It is essential for security approach to be computationally lightweight. Therefore, this paper presents a novel analytical modelling that is based on n-tier approach with a target to generate an optimized secret key that could ensure higher degree of security during the process of data aggregation in WSN. The study outcome shows that proposed system is computationally lightweight with good performance on reduced delay and reduced energy consumption. It also exhibits enhanced response time and good data delivery performance to balance the need of security and data forwarding performance in WSN.
User Selective Encryption Method for Securing MANETs IJECEIAES
Security issue is getting important day by day. At present, there are a variety of methodologies to provide protection for data confidentiality. MANETs have lots of security challenges than traditional networks like infrastructureless and self-organizing requirements. As t he MANETs are dynamic networks that’s make every transmission in such networks vulnerable to many attacks and improving security level becomes a main issue. This paper introduces a user selective encryption method by operating Data Encryption Standard (DES ), Triple DES (3DES), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (DHKE) protocol for key management in order to improve MANET security. Through the Network Simulator-2 (NS-2), the we investigat e the performance of the proposed method in terms of data transfer time and network throughput for different data sizes and different sender-to-receiver number of hops. The results show the superiority of AES over other encryption algorithms. Furthermore, the effectiveness of our proposed method is verified through comparing our results with those obtained from previous studies.
AN EFFICIENT SECURE CRYPTOGRAPHY SCHEME FOR NEW ML-BASED RPL ROUTING PROTOCOL...IJNSA Journal
Internet of Things (IoT) offers reliable and seamless communication for the heterogeneous dynamic lowpower and lossy network (LLNs). To perform effective routing in IoT communication, LLN Routing Protocol (RPL) is developed for the tiny nodes to establish connection by using deflaut objective functions: OF0, MRHOF, for which resources are constraints like battery power, computation capacity, memory communication link impacts on varying traffic scenarios in terms of QoS metrics like packet delivery ratio, delay, secure communication channel. At present, conventional Internet of Things (IoT) are having secure communication channels issue for transmission of data between nodes. To withstand those issues, it is necessary to balance resource constraints of nodes in the network. In this paper, we developed a security algorithm for IoT networks with RPL routing. Initially, the constructed network in corporates optimizationbased deep learning (reinforcement learning) for route establishment in IoT. Upon the establishment of the route, the ClonQlearn based security algorithm is implemented for improving security which is based onaECC scheme for encryption and decryption of data. The proposed security technique incorporates reinforcement learning-based ClonQlearnintegrated with ECC (ClonQlearn+ECC) for random key generation. The proposed ClonQlearn+ECCexhibits secure data transmission with improved network performance when compared with the earlier works in simulation. The performance of network expressed that the proposed ClonQlearn+ECC increased the PDR of approximately 8% - 10%, throughput of 7% - 13%, end-to-end delay of 5% - 10% and power consumption variation of 3% - 7%.
FSDA: Framework for Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network for En...IJECEIAES
An effective key management plays a crucial role in imposing a resilient security technique in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). After reviewing the existing approaches of key management, it is confirmed that existing approachs does not offer good coverage on all potential security breaches in WSN. With WSN being essential part of Internet-of-Things (IoT), the existing approaches of key management can definitely not address such security breaches. Therefore, this paper introduces a Framework for Secure Data Aggregation (FSDA) that hybridizes the public key encryption mechanism in order to obtain a novel key management system. The proposed system does not target any specific attacks but is widely applicable for both internal and external attacks in WSN owing to its design principle. The study outcome exhibits that proposed FSDA offers highly reduced computational burden, minimal delay, less energy consumption, and higher data transmission perforance in contrast to frequency used encryption schemes in WSN.
S3 INFOTECH +91 988 48 48 198
# 10/1, Jones Road, Saidapet, Chennai – 15. Ph: 044-3201 7467, 9884848198.
www.s3computers.com E-Mail: info@s3computers.com
The document lists 10 project titles from IEEE 2015 related to wireless networks and security. The projects address topics such as detecting malicious nodes in mobile ad hoc networks, enhancing security and caching in MANETs, providing multicast connectivity in flexgrid optical networks, and optimizing resource allocation and base station selection in heterogeneous networks.
A N E NERGY -E FFICIENT A ND S CALABLE S LOT - B ASED P RIVACY H OMOMOR...ijassn
With the advent of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) a
nd its immense popularity in a wide range of
applications, security has been a major concern for
these resource-constraint systems. Alongside secur
ity,
WSNs are currently being integrated with existing t
echnologies such as the Internet, satellite, Wi-Max
, Wi-
Fi, etc. in order to transmit data over long distan
ces and hand-over network load to more powerful dev
ices.
With the focus currently being on the integration o
f WSNs with existing technologies, security becomes
a
major concern. The main security requirement for WS
N-integrated networks is providing end-to-end
security along with the implementation of in-proces
sing techniques of data aggregation. This can be
achieved with the implementation of Homomorphic enc
ryption schemes which prove to be computationally
inexpensive since they have considerable overheads.
This paper addresses the ID-issue of the commonly
used Castelluccia Mykletun Tsudik (CMT) [12] homomo
rphic scheme by proposing an ID slotting
mechanism which carries information pertaining to t
he security keys responsible for the encryption of
individual sensor data. The proposed scheme proves
to be 93.5% lighter in terms of induced overheads a
nd
11.86% more energy efficient along with providing e
fficient WSN scalability compared to the existing
scheme. The paper provides analytical results compa
ring the proposed scheme with the existing scheme
thus justifying that the modification to the existi
ng scheme can prove highly efficient for resource-
constrained WSNs.
AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND SCALABLE SLOTBASED PRIVACY HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION SCH...ijassn
With the advent of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and its immense popularity in a wide range of applications, security has been a major concern for these resource-constraint systems. Alongside security, WSNs are currently being integrated with existing technologies such as the Internet, satellite, Wi-Max, WiFi, etc. in order to transmit data over long distances and hand-over network load to more powerful devices. With the focus currently being on the integration of WSNs with existing technologies, security becomes a major concern. The main security requirement for WSN-integrated networks is providing end-to-end security along with the implementation of in-processing techniques of data aggregation. This can be achieved with the implementation of Homomorphic encryption schemes which prove to be computationally inexpensive since they have considerable overheads. This paper addresses the ID-issue of the commonly used Castelluccia Mykletun Tsudik (CMT) [12] homomorphic scheme by proposing an ID slotting mechanism which carries information pertaining to the security keys responsible for the encryption of individual sensor data. The proposed scheme proves to be 93.5% lighter in terms of induced overheads and 11.86% more energy efficient along with providing efficient WSN scalability compared to the existing scheme. The paper provides analytical results comparing the proposed scheme with the existing scheme thus justifying that the modification to the existing scheme can prove highly efficient for resourceconstrained WSNs.
Novel framework using dynamic passphrase towards secure and energy-efficient ...IJECEIAES
At Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) has been long-researched topic in adhoc network owing to the associated advantages in its cost-effective application as well as consistent loophopes owing to its inherent charecteristics. This manuscript draws a relationship between the energy factor and security factor which has not been emphasized in any existing studies much. Review of existing security approaches shows that they are highly attack specific, uses complex encryption, and overlooks the involvement of energy factor in it. Therefore, the proposed system introduces a novel mechanism where security tokens and passphrases are utilized in order to offer better security. The proposed system also introduces the usage of an agent node which communications with mobile nodes using group-based communication system thereby ensuring reduced computational effort of mobile nodes towards establishing secured communication. The outcome shows proposed system offers better outcome in contrast to existing system.
n-Tier Modelling of Robust Key management for Secure Data Aggregation in Wire...IJECEIAES
Security problems in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have been researched from more than a decade. There are various security approaches being evolving towards resisting various forms of attack using different methodologies. After reviewing the existing security approaches, it can be concluded that such security approaches are highly attack-specific and doesnt address various associated issues in WSN. It is essential for security approach to be computationally lightweight. Therefore, this paper presents a novel analytical modelling that is based on n-tier approach with a target to generate an optimized secret key that could ensure higher degree of security during the process of data aggregation in WSN. The study outcome shows that proposed system is computationally lightweight with good performance on reduced delay and reduced energy consumption. It also exhibits enhanced response time and good data delivery performance to balance the need of security and data forwarding performance in WSN.
Security Model for Hierarchical Clustered Wireless Sensor NetworksCSCJournals
The proposed security system for the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is based on the WSN security design goal that ‘to design a completely secure WSN, security must be integrated into every node of the system’. This paper discusses on two main components of the security framework viz. the secure key management module and the secure routing scheme. The incorporation of security mechanism during the routing protocol design phase is the main focus of this paper. The proposed security framework viz. ‘Secure and Hierarchical, a Routing Protocol’ (SHARP) is designed for the wireless sensor network applications which is deployed particularly for data collection purpose in a battlefield where the security aspect of the network cannot be compromised at any cost. SHARP consists of three basic integrated modules and each module performs a well defined task to make the whole security framework a complete system on its own.
Constructing a predictive model for an intelligent network intrusion detectionAlebachew Chiche
This document presents a study that constructs a predictive model for network intrusion detection using data mining techniques. The study uses the KDD Cup 99 intrusion detection dataset to build classification models using J48 decision tree, JRip rule induction, Naive Bayes, and multilayer perceptron algorithms. The J48 decision tree algorithm achieved the highest accuracy of 99.91% and was selected to build the predictive model. This model was then integrated with a knowledge-based system to build an intelligent network intrusion detection system capable of automatically detecting network attacks, mapping detections to attack categories, and updating the training data over time. Experimental evaluation found the integrated system achieved 91.43% accuracy and 83% user acceptance in detecting network intrusions
A Wireless Sensor Network is a multiple collection of large number of sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are used to collect the information from the surroundings and pass it to the base station. Data Aggregation is an important technique to achieve power resource effectively in the sensor network. Because sensor node has limited battery power so data aggregation techniques have been proposed for WSN. The data from the multiple sensor nodes are aggregated is usually performed by averaging method. The aggregated data are stored into header aggregator node and it is highly susceptible to attacks. To address this security issue, Iterative Filtering algorithms are used to monitor sensor nodes and provide great promise by detecting vulnerable errors. For transferring aggregator data from aggregated node to base station, this paper introduces Cryptography and Random Key Generation technique. We use encryption technique for original message and simultaneously create a key for that encrypted message. That generated key and encrypted message will be sent to the receiver through the possible paths where the hackers cannot hack the original message.
Mutual query data sharing protocol for public key encryption through chosen-c...IJECEIAES
In this paper, we are proposing a mutual query data sharing protocol (MQDS) to overcome the encryption or decryption time limitations of exiting protocols like Boneh, rivest shamir adleman (RSA), Multi-bit transposed ring learning parity with noise (TRLPN), ring learning parity with noise (Ring-LPN) cryptosystem, key-Ordered decisional learning parity with noise (kO-DLPN), and KD_CS protocol’s. Titled scheme is to provide the security for the authenticated user data among the distributed physical users and devices. The proposed data sharing protocol is designed to resist the chosen-ciphertext attack (CCA) under the hardness solution for the query shared-strong diffie-hellman (SDH) problem. The evaluation of proposed work with the existing data sharing protocols in computational and communication overhead through their response time is evaluated.
NEW ALGORITHM FOR WIRELESS NETWORK COMMUNICATION SECURITYijcisjournal
This paper evaluates the security of wireless communication network based on the fuzzy logic in Mat lab. A new algorithm is proposed and evaluated which is the hybrid algorithm. We highlight the valuable assets in designing of wireless network communication system based on network simulator (NS2), which is crucial to protect security of the systems. Block cipher algorithms are evaluated by using fuzzy logics and a hybrid
algorithm is proposed. Both algorithms are evaluated in term of the security level. Logic (AND) is used in the rules of modelling and Mamdani Style is used for the evaluations
IRJET- Study and Performance Evaluation of Different Symmetric Key Crypto...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that evaluates the performance of four symmetric key cryptography algorithms: DES, 3DES, Blowfish, and AES. The study considers criteria like file size, file type, encryption and decryption time, and block size. It finds that Blowfish has the best performance, encrypting and decrypting data faster than the other algorithms. AES also performs well, while 3DES has the lowest performance due to its longer key length. The document reviews related literature comparing the performance of symmetric key cryptography algorithms and techniques that combine cryptography with steganography for enhanced security.
Trust correlation of mobile agent nodes with a regular node in a Adhoc networ...IJECEIAES
A mobile agent offers discrete advantage both in facilitating better transmission as well as controlling the traffic load in Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET). Hence, such forms of network offers maximized dependencies on mobile agents in terms of its trust worthiness. At present, there are various work being carried out towards resisting security breach in MANET; however approaches using mobile agent based mechanism is few to found. Therefore, the proposed system introduces a novel mathematical model where an extensive decision making system has been constructed for identifying the malicious intention of mobile agents in case they go rogues. By adopting multi-tier communication policy and fairness concept, the proposed system offers the capability to resist any form of malicious activity of mobile agent without even presence of any apriori information of adversary. The outcome shows proposed system outshines existing security scheme in MANET.
A COMBINATION OF TEMPORAL SEQUENCE LEARNING AND DATA DESCRIPTION FOR ANOMALYB...IJNSA Journal
Through continuous observation and modelling of normal behavior in networks, Anomaly-based Network Intrusion Detection System (A-NIDS) offers a way to find possible threats via deviation from the normal model. The analysis of network traffic based on time series model has the advantage of exploiting the relationship between packages within network traffic and observing trends of behaviors over a period of time. It will generate new sequences with good features that support anomaly detection in network traffic and provide the ability to detect new attacks. Besides, an anomaly detection technique, which focuses on the normal data and aims to build a description of it, will be an effective technique for anomaly detection in imbalanced data. In this paper, we propose a combination model of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) architecture for processing time series and a data description Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) for anomaly detection in A-NIDS to obtain the advantages of them. This model helps parameters in LSTM and SVDD are jointly trained with joint optimization method. Our experimental results with KDD99 dataset show that the proposed combined model obtains high performance in intrusion detection, especially DoS and Probe attacks with 98.0% and 99.8%, respectively.
Efficient technique for privacy preserving publishing of set valued data on c...ElavarasaN GanesaN
The document proposes a technique for privacy-preserving publishing of set-valued data on cloud computing. It extends the existing Extended Quasi Identifier Partitioning (EQI-partitioning) technique by incorporating l-diversity and k-anonymity to reduce information loss. A multi-level accessibility model is also developed to provide security based on user access levels. Identity-based proxy re-encryption is used to encrypt the data according to sensitivity values and provide access to different user levels. The proposed method aims to reduce information loss while improving security when outsourcing sensitive set-valued data to the cloud.
DATA AGGREGATION AND PRIVACY FOR POLICE PATROLSijasuc
With a widespread growth in the potential applications of Wireless Sensor Networks, the need for reliable
security mechanisms for them has increased manifold. This paper proposes a scheme, Privacy for Police
Patrols (PPP), to provide secure data aggregation that relies on multilevel routing. Privacy factors have
been identified and implemented. Aggregates are prepared and the summary of information is gathered
and stored in a repository. The above defined approaches are integrated in police patrol applications and
preliminary results are obtained.
Enhanced Efficient & Secure Steganography Algorithm with Low DistortionIRJET Journal
This document proposes a new hybrid algorithm for enhanced data security combining encryption, compression, and steganography. It first describes existing algorithms and their limitations. It then proposes a new encryption algorithm using pseudo-random number generation and key scheduling. Encrypted data is compressed with LZW and hidden in an image using modified LSB steganography. Analysis shows this hybrid algorithm improves security parameters like timing and distortion compared to existing methods.
The document describes a pairwise key establishment scheme for ad hoc networks. It proposes using cellular automata rules to dynamically establish shared keys between two nodes. Each node sends either a cellular automata rule or the initialization parameters to the other node. The receiving node then uses the rule and parameters along with cellular automata computations to independently derive the shared key. This allows keys to be established dynamically without transmitting the actual keys or requiring an online server. The scheme aims to provide secure communication through pairwise key establishment while being computationally efficient and not relying on predistributed keys.
Privacy Preserving in Cloud Using Distinctive Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (DECC)ElavarasaN GanesaN
The document proposes a Distinctive Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (DECC) for privacy preserving in cloud computing. DECC uses smaller keys compared to existing cryptographic algorithms. It performs key generation, encryption, and decryption faster than Triple DES, RDP, and ECC based on simulations with varying file sizes from 128MB to 1GB. DECC has lower average relative error, consumes less time for overall processing, and takes less time for anonymization compared to the other algorithms based on the simulation results. The proposed DECC aims to improve privacy and efficiency for data security in cloud computing.
Framework for reversible data hiding using cost-effective encoding system for...IJECEIAES
Importance’s of reversible data hiding practices are always higher in contrast to any conventional data hiding schemes owing to its capability to generate distortion free cover media. Review of existing approaches on reversible data hiding approaches shows variable scheme mainly focusing on the embedding mechanism; however, such schemes could be furthermore improved using encoding scheme for optimal embedding performance. Therefore, the proposed manuscript discusses about a cost-effective scheme where a novel encoding scheme has been used with larger block sizes which reduces the dependencies over larger number of blocks. Further a gradient- based image registration technique is applied to ensure higher quality of the reconstructed signal over the decoding end. The study outcome shows that proposed data hiding technique is proven better than existing data hiding scheme with good balance between security and restored signal quality upon extraction of data.
Analyzing and Securing Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks through ...ijtsrd
Wireless Sensor Networks are gaining popularity in various fields and areas. But these nodes are vulnerable as they are open networks and easily accessible. The major challenge is to have a secure data transmission between the nodes. To establish a secure transmission, we require a security scheme like a cryptographic algorithm, but this also requires a secure key distribution between nodes. The WSN’s have constraints like limited area, power and memory which restrict all the categories of cryptographic algorithm. Depending upon the criteria’s and constraints, cryptographic algorithm like Elliptic Curve Cryptography ECC is best suitable for WSN’s environment. ECC has a smaller key size, high security and less computation time which makes the node an efficient crypto system. In order to protect the security of data, we propose a novel secure transmission strategy based on Cryptography. In this design, we acquire sensitive information securely so as to make use of the advantage of encryption. Our approach deal with the weakness of limitation in sensor node resources and the security threats, it is suitable for stream data in sensor nodes. The simulation experiments also demonstrate that this approach is effective in transmitting sensitive data covertly with the characteristics of lower energy consumptions and invisibility. This paper describes the implementation of ECC cryptosystem for WSN for secure key and data transmission between the nodes. Shahid Ishaq | Rashmi Raj "Analyzing & Securing Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks through Cryptography Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30328.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30328/analyzing-and-securing-data-transmission-in-wireless-sensor-networks-through-cryptography-techniques/shahid-ishaq
ANALYSIS OF THE SECURITY OF BB84 BY MODEL CHECKINGIJNSA Journal
Quantum Cryptography or Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technique that allows the secure distribution of a bit string, used as key in cryptographic protocols. When it was noted that quantum computers could break public key cryptosystems based on number theory extensive studies have been undertaken on QKD. Based on quantum mechanics, QKD offers unconditionally secure communication. Now, the progress of research in this field allows the anticipation of QKD to be available outside of laboratories within the next few years. Efforts are made to improve the performance and reliability of the implemented technologies. But several challenges remain despite this big progress. The task of how to test the apparatuses of QKD For example did not yet receive enough attention. These devises become complex and demand a big verification effort. In this paper we are interested in an approach based on the technique of probabilistic model checking for studying quantum information. Precisely, we use the PRISM tool to analyze the security of BB84 protocol and we are focused on the specific security property
of eavesdropping detection. We show that this property is affected by the parameters of quantum channel and the power of eavesdropper.
A PPLICATION OF C LASSICAL E NCRYPTION T ECHNIQUES FOR S ECURING D ATA -...IJCI JOURNAL
The process of protecting information by transformi
ng (encrypting) it into an unreadable format is cal
led
cryptography. Only those who possess secret key can
decipher (decrypt) the message into plain text.
Encrypted messages can sometimes be broken by crypt
analysis, also called code breaking, so there is a
need for strong and fast cryptographic methods for
securing the data from attackers. Although modern
cryptography techniques are virtually unbreakable,
sometimes they also tend to attack.
As the Internet, big data, cloud data storage and
other forms of electronic communication become more
prevalent, electronic security is becoming increasi
ngly important. Cryptography is used to protect e-m
ail
messages, credit card information, corporate data,
cloud data and big data so on... So there is a need
for
best and fast cryptographic methods for protecting
the data. In this paper a method is proposed to pro
tect
the data in faster way by using classical cryptogra
phy. The encryption and decryption are done in par
allel
using threads with the help of underlying hardware.
The time taken by sequential and parallel method i
s
analysed
MEKDA: Multi-Level ECC based Key Distribution and Authentication in Internet ...IJCNCJournal
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an extensive system of networks and connected devices with minimal human interaction and swift growth. The constraints of the System and limitations of Devices pose several challenges, including security; hence billions of devices must protect from attacks and compromises. The resource-constrained nature of IoT devices amplifies security challenges. Thus standard data communication and security measures are inefficient in the IoT environment. The ubiquity of IoT devices and their deployment in sensitive applications increase the vulnerability of any security breaches to risk lives. Hence, IoT-related security challenges are of great concern. Authentication is the solution to the vulnerability of a malicious device in the IoT environment. The proposed Multi-level Elliptic Curve Cryptography based Key Distribution and Authentication in IoT enhances the security by Multi-level Authentication when the devices enter or exit the Cluster in an IoT system. The decreased Computation Time and Energy Consumption by generating and distributing Keys using Elliptic Curve Cryptography extends the availability of the IoT devices. The Performance analysis shows the improvement over the Fast Authentication and Data Transfer method.
This document proposes an efficient multi-keyword ranked search (EMRS) scheme over encrypted mobile cloud data through blind storage. The EMRS enables search users to perform multi-keyword searches over encrypted documents stored on a cloud server and receive ranked search results based on relevance. It utilizes techniques like relevance scoring, secure k-nearest neighbor computation, and blind storage to provide search functionality while preserving security and privacy. The scheme is analyzed to demonstrate that it achieves confidentiality of documents and index, trapdoor privacy, trapdoor unlinkability, and conceals access patterns, addressing key security requirements. Experimental results show the EMRS provides improved efficiency and functionality compared to existing proposals.
Neural Cryptography for Secret Key ExchangeIJMTST Journal
The goal of any cryptography system is the exchange of information among the intended user without any leakage of information to other who may have unauthorized access to it. A common secret key could be created over a public channel accessible to any opponent. Neural networks can be used to generate common secret key. In case of neural cryptography, both the communicating networks receive an identical input vector, generate an output bit and are trained based on the output bit. The two networks and their weights vectors exhibit a new phenomenon, where the networks synchronize to a state with identical time-dependent weights. The generated secret key over a public channel is used for encryption and decryption of the message or information send over the channel.
An efficient approach for secured communication in wireless sensor networks IJECEIAES
Wireless sensor network (WSN) have limited bandwidth, low computational functions, energy constraints. Inspite of these constraints, WSN is useful where communication happens without infrastructure support. The main concern of WSN is the security as the sensor nodes may be attacked and information may be hacked. Security of WSN should have the capability to ensure that the message received was sent by the particular sent node and not modified during transmission. WSN applications require lightweight and strong authentication mechanisms for obtaining data from unprivileged users. In wireless sensor networks, authentication is the effective method to stop unauthorized and undisrupted communication service. In order to strengthen the authenticated communication, several researchers have developed mechanisms. Some of the techniques work with identifying the attacked node or detecting injected bogus message in the network. Encryption and decryption are the popular methods of providing the security. These are based on either public-key or symmetric-key cryptosystems.Many of the existing solutions have limitations in communication and computational expertise. Also, the existing mechanisms lack in providing strength and scalability of the network. In order address these issues; a polynomial based method was introduced in recent days. Key distribution is a significant aspect in key management in WSNs. The simplest method of distribution of key is by hand which was used in the days of couriers. Now a day, most distribution of keys is done automatically. The automatic distribution of keys is essential and convenient in networks that require two parties to transmit their security keys in the same communication medium. In this work, a new type of key exchange mechanism is proposed. The proposed method for authentication among sensor nodes proves to be promising as per the simulation results. The nodes which are unknown to each other setup a private however arbitrary key for the symmetric key cryptosystem.
A Secure Data Transmission Scheme using Asymmetric Semi-Homomorphic Encryptio...IJAAS Team
The compressive detecting based information accumulation accomplishes with high exactness in information recuperation from less inspection which is available in sensor nodes. In this manner, the existing methods available in the literature diminish the information gathering cost and delays the existence cycle of WSNs. In this paper, a strong achievable security model for sensor network applications was initially proposed. At that point, a secure data collection conspire was displayed based on compressive detecting, which improves the information protection by the asymmetric semi-homomorphic encryption scheme, and decreases the calculation cost by inadequate compressive grid. In this case, particularly the asymmetric mechanism decreases the trouble of mystery key circulation and administration. The proposed homomorphic encryption permits the in-arrange accumulation in cipher domain, and in this manner improves the security and accomplishes the adjustment in system stack. Further, this paper focuses on estimating various network performances such as the calculation cost and correspondence cost, which remunerates the expanding cost caused by the homomorphic encryption. A real time validation on the proposed encryption scheme using AVISPA was additionally performed and the results are satisfactory.
Security Model for Hierarchical Clustered Wireless Sensor NetworksCSCJournals
The proposed security system for the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is based on the WSN security design goal that ‘to design a completely secure WSN, security must be integrated into every node of the system’. This paper discusses on two main components of the security framework viz. the secure key management module and the secure routing scheme. The incorporation of security mechanism during the routing protocol design phase is the main focus of this paper. The proposed security framework viz. ‘Secure and Hierarchical, a Routing Protocol’ (SHARP) is designed for the wireless sensor network applications which is deployed particularly for data collection purpose in a battlefield where the security aspect of the network cannot be compromised at any cost. SHARP consists of three basic integrated modules and each module performs a well defined task to make the whole security framework a complete system on its own.
Constructing a predictive model for an intelligent network intrusion detectionAlebachew Chiche
This document presents a study that constructs a predictive model for network intrusion detection using data mining techniques. The study uses the KDD Cup 99 intrusion detection dataset to build classification models using J48 decision tree, JRip rule induction, Naive Bayes, and multilayer perceptron algorithms. The J48 decision tree algorithm achieved the highest accuracy of 99.91% and was selected to build the predictive model. This model was then integrated with a knowledge-based system to build an intelligent network intrusion detection system capable of automatically detecting network attacks, mapping detections to attack categories, and updating the training data over time. Experimental evaluation found the integrated system achieved 91.43% accuracy and 83% user acceptance in detecting network intrusions
A Wireless Sensor Network is a multiple collection of large number of sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are used to collect the information from the surroundings and pass it to the base station. Data Aggregation is an important technique to achieve power resource effectively in the sensor network. Because sensor node has limited battery power so data aggregation techniques have been proposed for WSN. The data from the multiple sensor nodes are aggregated is usually performed by averaging method. The aggregated data are stored into header aggregator node and it is highly susceptible to attacks. To address this security issue, Iterative Filtering algorithms are used to monitor sensor nodes and provide great promise by detecting vulnerable errors. For transferring aggregator data from aggregated node to base station, this paper introduces Cryptography and Random Key Generation technique. We use encryption technique for original message and simultaneously create a key for that encrypted message. That generated key and encrypted message will be sent to the receiver through the possible paths where the hackers cannot hack the original message.
Mutual query data sharing protocol for public key encryption through chosen-c...IJECEIAES
In this paper, we are proposing a mutual query data sharing protocol (MQDS) to overcome the encryption or decryption time limitations of exiting protocols like Boneh, rivest shamir adleman (RSA), Multi-bit transposed ring learning parity with noise (TRLPN), ring learning parity with noise (Ring-LPN) cryptosystem, key-Ordered decisional learning parity with noise (kO-DLPN), and KD_CS protocol’s. Titled scheme is to provide the security for the authenticated user data among the distributed physical users and devices. The proposed data sharing protocol is designed to resist the chosen-ciphertext attack (CCA) under the hardness solution for the query shared-strong diffie-hellman (SDH) problem. The evaluation of proposed work with the existing data sharing protocols in computational and communication overhead through their response time is evaluated.
NEW ALGORITHM FOR WIRELESS NETWORK COMMUNICATION SECURITYijcisjournal
This paper evaluates the security of wireless communication network based on the fuzzy logic in Mat lab. A new algorithm is proposed and evaluated which is the hybrid algorithm. We highlight the valuable assets in designing of wireless network communication system based on network simulator (NS2), which is crucial to protect security of the systems. Block cipher algorithms are evaluated by using fuzzy logics and a hybrid
algorithm is proposed. Both algorithms are evaluated in term of the security level. Logic (AND) is used in the rules of modelling and Mamdani Style is used for the evaluations
IRJET- Study and Performance Evaluation of Different Symmetric Key Crypto...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that evaluates the performance of four symmetric key cryptography algorithms: DES, 3DES, Blowfish, and AES. The study considers criteria like file size, file type, encryption and decryption time, and block size. It finds that Blowfish has the best performance, encrypting and decrypting data faster than the other algorithms. AES also performs well, while 3DES has the lowest performance due to its longer key length. The document reviews related literature comparing the performance of symmetric key cryptography algorithms and techniques that combine cryptography with steganography for enhanced security.
Trust correlation of mobile agent nodes with a regular node in a Adhoc networ...IJECEIAES
A mobile agent offers discrete advantage both in facilitating better transmission as well as controlling the traffic load in Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET). Hence, such forms of network offers maximized dependencies on mobile agents in terms of its trust worthiness. At present, there are various work being carried out towards resisting security breach in MANET; however approaches using mobile agent based mechanism is few to found. Therefore, the proposed system introduces a novel mathematical model where an extensive decision making system has been constructed for identifying the malicious intention of mobile agents in case they go rogues. By adopting multi-tier communication policy and fairness concept, the proposed system offers the capability to resist any form of malicious activity of mobile agent without even presence of any apriori information of adversary. The outcome shows proposed system outshines existing security scheme in MANET.
A COMBINATION OF TEMPORAL SEQUENCE LEARNING AND DATA DESCRIPTION FOR ANOMALYB...IJNSA Journal
Through continuous observation and modelling of normal behavior in networks, Anomaly-based Network Intrusion Detection System (A-NIDS) offers a way to find possible threats via deviation from the normal model. The analysis of network traffic based on time series model has the advantage of exploiting the relationship between packages within network traffic and observing trends of behaviors over a period of time. It will generate new sequences with good features that support anomaly detection in network traffic and provide the ability to detect new attacks. Besides, an anomaly detection technique, which focuses on the normal data and aims to build a description of it, will be an effective technique for anomaly detection in imbalanced data. In this paper, we propose a combination model of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) architecture for processing time series and a data description Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) for anomaly detection in A-NIDS to obtain the advantages of them. This model helps parameters in LSTM and SVDD are jointly trained with joint optimization method. Our experimental results with KDD99 dataset show that the proposed combined model obtains high performance in intrusion detection, especially DoS and Probe attacks with 98.0% and 99.8%, respectively.
Efficient technique for privacy preserving publishing of set valued data on c...ElavarasaN GanesaN
The document proposes a technique for privacy-preserving publishing of set-valued data on cloud computing. It extends the existing Extended Quasi Identifier Partitioning (EQI-partitioning) technique by incorporating l-diversity and k-anonymity to reduce information loss. A multi-level accessibility model is also developed to provide security based on user access levels. Identity-based proxy re-encryption is used to encrypt the data according to sensitivity values and provide access to different user levels. The proposed method aims to reduce information loss while improving security when outsourcing sensitive set-valued data to the cloud.
DATA AGGREGATION AND PRIVACY FOR POLICE PATROLSijasuc
With a widespread growth in the potential applications of Wireless Sensor Networks, the need for reliable
security mechanisms for them has increased manifold. This paper proposes a scheme, Privacy for Police
Patrols (PPP), to provide secure data aggregation that relies on multilevel routing. Privacy factors have
been identified and implemented. Aggregates are prepared and the summary of information is gathered
and stored in a repository. The above defined approaches are integrated in police patrol applications and
preliminary results are obtained.
Enhanced Efficient & Secure Steganography Algorithm with Low DistortionIRJET Journal
This document proposes a new hybrid algorithm for enhanced data security combining encryption, compression, and steganography. It first describes existing algorithms and their limitations. It then proposes a new encryption algorithm using pseudo-random number generation and key scheduling. Encrypted data is compressed with LZW and hidden in an image using modified LSB steganography. Analysis shows this hybrid algorithm improves security parameters like timing and distortion compared to existing methods.
The document describes a pairwise key establishment scheme for ad hoc networks. It proposes using cellular automata rules to dynamically establish shared keys between two nodes. Each node sends either a cellular automata rule or the initialization parameters to the other node. The receiving node then uses the rule and parameters along with cellular automata computations to independently derive the shared key. This allows keys to be established dynamically without transmitting the actual keys or requiring an online server. The scheme aims to provide secure communication through pairwise key establishment while being computationally efficient and not relying on predistributed keys.
Privacy Preserving in Cloud Using Distinctive Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (DECC)ElavarasaN GanesaN
The document proposes a Distinctive Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (DECC) for privacy preserving in cloud computing. DECC uses smaller keys compared to existing cryptographic algorithms. It performs key generation, encryption, and decryption faster than Triple DES, RDP, and ECC based on simulations with varying file sizes from 128MB to 1GB. DECC has lower average relative error, consumes less time for overall processing, and takes less time for anonymization compared to the other algorithms based on the simulation results. The proposed DECC aims to improve privacy and efficiency for data security in cloud computing.
Framework for reversible data hiding using cost-effective encoding system for...IJECEIAES
Importance’s of reversible data hiding practices are always higher in contrast to any conventional data hiding schemes owing to its capability to generate distortion free cover media. Review of existing approaches on reversible data hiding approaches shows variable scheme mainly focusing on the embedding mechanism; however, such schemes could be furthermore improved using encoding scheme for optimal embedding performance. Therefore, the proposed manuscript discusses about a cost-effective scheme where a novel encoding scheme has been used with larger block sizes which reduces the dependencies over larger number of blocks. Further a gradient- based image registration technique is applied to ensure higher quality of the reconstructed signal over the decoding end. The study outcome shows that proposed data hiding technique is proven better than existing data hiding scheme with good balance between security and restored signal quality upon extraction of data.
Analyzing and Securing Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks through ...ijtsrd
Wireless Sensor Networks are gaining popularity in various fields and areas. But these nodes are vulnerable as they are open networks and easily accessible. The major challenge is to have a secure data transmission between the nodes. To establish a secure transmission, we require a security scheme like a cryptographic algorithm, but this also requires a secure key distribution between nodes. The WSN’s have constraints like limited area, power and memory which restrict all the categories of cryptographic algorithm. Depending upon the criteria’s and constraints, cryptographic algorithm like Elliptic Curve Cryptography ECC is best suitable for WSN’s environment. ECC has a smaller key size, high security and less computation time which makes the node an efficient crypto system. In order to protect the security of data, we propose a novel secure transmission strategy based on Cryptography. In this design, we acquire sensitive information securely so as to make use of the advantage of encryption. Our approach deal with the weakness of limitation in sensor node resources and the security threats, it is suitable for stream data in sensor nodes. The simulation experiments also demonstrate that this approach is effective in transmitting sensitive data covertly with the characteristics of lower energy consumptions and invisibility. This paper describes the implementation of ECC cryptosystem for WSN for secure key and data transmission between the nodes. Shahid Ishaq | Rashmi Raj "Analyzing & Securing Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks through Cryptography Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30328.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30328/analyzing-and-securing-data-transmission-in-wireless-sensor-networks-through-cryptography-techniques/shahid-ishaq
ANALYSIS OF THE SECURITY OF BB84 BY MODEL CHECKINGIJNSA Journal
Quantum Cryptography or Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technique that allows the secure distribution of a bit string, used as key in cryptographic protocols. When it was noted that quantum computers could break public key cryptosystems based on number theory extensive studies have been undertaken on QKD. Based on quantum mechanics, QKD offers unconditionally secure communication. Now, the progress of research in this field allows the anticipation of QKD to be available outside of laboratories within the next few years. Efforts are made to improve the performance and reliability of the implemented technologies. But several challenges remain despite this big progress. The task of how to test the apparatuses of QKD For example did not yet receive enough attention. These devises become complex and demand a big verification effort. In this paper we are interested in an approach based on the technique of probabilistic model checking for studying quantum information. Precisely, we use the PRISM tool to analyze the security of BB84 protocol and we are focused on the specific security property
of eavesdropping detection. We show that this property is affected by the parameters of quantum channel and the power of eavesdropper.
A PPLICATION OF C LASSICAL E NCRYPTION T ECHNIQUES FOR S ECURING D ATA -...IJCI JOURNAL
The process of protecting information by transformi
ng (encrypting) it into an unreadable format is cal
led
cryptography. Only those who possess secret key can
decipher (decrypt) the message into plain text.
Encrypted messages can sometimes be broken by crypt
analysis, also called code breaking, so there is a
need for strong and fast cryptographic methods for
securing the data from attackers. Although modern
cryptography techniques are virtually unbreakable,
sometimes they also tend to attack.
As the Internet, big data, cloud data storage and
other forms of electronic communication become more
prevalent, electronic security is becoming increasi
ngly important. Cryptography is used to protect e-m
ail
messages, credit card information, corporate data,
cloud data and big data so on... So there is a need
for
best and fast cryptographic methods for protecting
the data. In this paper a method is proposed to pro
tect
the data in faster way by using classical cryptogra
phy. The encryption and decryption are done in par
allel
using threads with the help of underlying hardware.
The time taken by sequential and parallel method i
s
analysed
MEKDA: Multi-Level ECC based Key Distribution and Authentication in Internet ...IJCNCJournal
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an extensive system of networks and connected devices with minimal human interaction and swift growth. The constraints of the System and limitations of Devices pose several challenges, including security; hence billions of devices must protect from attacks and compromises. The resource-constrained nature of IoT devices amplifies security challenges. Thus standard data communication and security measures are inefficient in the IoT environment. The ubiquity of IoT devices and their deployment in sensitive applications increase the vulnerability of any security breaches to risk lives. Hence, IoT-related security challenges are of great concern. Authentication is the solution to the vulnerability of a malicious device in the IoT environment. The proposed Multi-level Elliptic Curve Cryptography based Key Distribution and Authentication in IoT enhances the security by Multi-level Authentication when the devices enter or exit the Cluster in an IoT system. The decreased Computation Time and Energy Consumption by generating and distributing Keys using Elliptic Curve Cryptography extends the availability of the IoT devices. The Performance analysis shows the improvement over the Fast Authentication and Data Transfer method.
This document proposes an efficient multi-keyword ranked search (EMRS) scheme over encrypted mobile cloud data through blind storage. The EMRS enables search users to perform multi-keyword searches over encrypted documents stored on a cloud server and receive ranked search results based on relevance. It utilizes techniques like relevance scoring, secure k-nearest neighbor computation, and blind storage to provide search functionality while preserving security and privacy. The scheme is analyzed to demonstrate that it achieves confidentiality of documents and index, trapdoor privacy, trapdoor unlinkability, and conceals access patterns, addressing key security requirements. Experimental results show the EMRS provides improved efficiency and functionality compared to existing proposals.
Neural Cryptography for Secret Key ExchangeIJMTST Journal
The goal of any cryptography system is the exchange of information among the intended user without any leakage of information to other who may have unauthorized access to it. A common secret key could be created over a public channel accessible to any opponent. Neural networks can be used to generate common secret key. In case of neural cryptography, both the communicating networks receive an identical input vector, generate an output bit and are trained based on the output bit. The two networks and their weights vectors exhibit a new phenomenon, where the networks synchronize to a state with identical time-dependent weights. The generated secret key over a public channel is used for encryption and decryption of the message or information send over the channel.
An efficient approach for secured communication in wireless sensor networks IJECEIAES
Wireless sensor network (WSN) have limited bandwidth, low computational functions, energy constraints. Inspite of these constraints, WSN is useful where communication happens without infrastructure support. The main concern of WSN is the security as the sensor nodes may be attacked and information may be hacked. Security of WSN should have the capability to ensure that the message received was sent by the particular sent node and not modified during transmission. WSN applications require lightweight and strong authentication mechanisms for obtaining data from unprivileged users. In wireless sensor networks, authentication is the effective method to stop unauthorized and undisrupted communication service. In order to strengthen the authenticated communication, several researchers have developed mechanisms. Some of the techniques work with identifying the attacked node or detecting injected bogus message in the network. Encryption and decryption are the popular methods of providing the security. These are based on either public-key or symmetric-key cryptosystems.Many of the existing solutions have limitations in communication and computational expertise. Also, the existing mechanisms lack in providing strength and scalability of the network. In order address these issues; a polynomial based method was introduced in recent days. Key distribution is a significant aspect in key management in WSNs. The simplest method of distribution of key is by hand which was used in the days of couriers. Now a day, most distribution of keys is done automatically. The automatic distribution of keys is essential and convenient in networks that require two parties to transmit their security keys in the same communication medium. In this work, a new type of key exchange mechanism is proposed. The proposed method for authentication among sensor nodes proves to be promising as per the simulation results. The nodes which are unknown to each other setup a private however arbitrary key for the symmetric key cryptosystem.
A Secure Data Transmission Scheme using Asymmetric Semi-Homomorphic Encryptio...IJAAS Team
The compressive detecting based information accumulation accomplishes with high exactness in information recuperation from less inspection which is available in sensor nodes. In this manner, the existing methods available in the literature diminish the information gathering cost and delays the existence cycle of WSNs. In this paper, a strong achievable security model for sensor network applications was initially proposed. At that point, a secure data collection conspire was displayed based on compressive detecting, which improves the information protection by the asymmetric semi-homomorphic encryption scheme, and decreases the calculation cost by inadequate compressive grid. In this case, particularly the asymmetric mechanism decreases the trouble of mystery key circulation and administration. The proposed homomorphic encryption permits the in-arrange accumulation in cipher domain, and in this manner improves the security and accomplishes the adjustment in system stack. Further, this paper focuses on estimating various network performances such as the calculation cost and correspondence cost, which remunerates the expanding cost caused by the homomorphic encryption. A real time validation on the proposed encryption scheme using AVISPA was additionally performed and the results are satisfactory.
The document presents the outline of a research project on performance evaluation of secure data transmission in wireless sensor networks using IEEE 802.11x standards. The research aims to enhance network lifetime by designing an energy-efficient clustering approach and data aggregation technique. It involves developing a cluster head selection algorithm using genetic algorithms, designing a broadcast tree construction protocol for data transmission, and implementing hash-based authentication. The research will be conducted in phases involving literature review, methodology development, implementation, and performance evaluation. The expected outcomes include reduced data transmission time and improved quality of service through increased network lifetime.
An Energy Efficient Data Secrecy Scheme For Wireless Body Sensor NetworksCSEIJJournal
Data secrecy is one of the key concerns for wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs). Usually, a data
secrecy scheme should accomplish two tasks: key establishment and encryption. WBSNs generally face
more serious limitations than general wireless networks in terms of energy supply. To address this, in this
paper, we propose an energy efficient data secrecy scheme for WBSNs. On one hand, the proposed key
establishment protocol integrates node IDs, seed value and nonce seamlessly for security, then
establishes a session key between two nodes based on one-way hash algorithm SHA-1. On the other hand,
a low-complexity threshold selective encryption technology is proposed. Also, we design a security
selection patter exchange method with low-complexity for the threshold selection encryption. Then, we
evaluate the energy consumption of the proposed scheme. Our scheme shows the great advantage over
the other existing schemes in terms of low energy consumption.
A secure trust-based protocol for hierarchical routing in wireless sensor ne...IJECEIAES
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) became the backbone of the internet of things (IoT). IoT applications are vital and demand specific quality of service (QoS) requirements. In addition, security has become a primary concern to provide secure communication between wireless nodes, with additional challenges related to the node’s computational resources. Particular, the design of secure and resource efficient routing protocol is a critical issue in the current deployment of WSNs. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel secure-trust aware routing protocol (ST2A) that provides secure and reliable routing. The proposed protocol establishes communication routes based on calculated trust value in joint with a novel cluster head selection algorithm in the hierarchical routing process. The proposed trust-aware routing algorithm improves the routing security in WSN and optimizes many performance metrics related to WSNs unique characteristics. The results of simulation validate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm for enhancing the network lifetime up to 18% and data delivery by 17% as compared with some state-of-the-art routing algorithms.
This document provides a literature review of various methods proposed by researchers to improve energy efficiency and security in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It summarizes several key energy efficient routing protocols like LEACH, PEGASIS and TEEN, as well as security threats like denial of service attacks, wormhole attacks, and Sybil attacks. The document reviews several studies that have developed algorithms and schemes to reduce energy consumption through techniques like dynamic clustering, mobile agent clustering, and randomized routing. It also discusses schemes to prevent security issues like false data injection and improve data authentication. The conclusion states that future work needs to focus on improving battery power and providing better fault tolerance and protection from severe security threats in WSNs.
Energy Proficient and Security Protocol for WSN: A Reviewtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
Multi-stage secure clusterhead selection using discrete rule-set against unkn...IJECEIAES
The document discusses a proposed multi-stage secure clusterhead selection technique for wireless sensor networks using a discrete rule-set. The technique aims to securely select clusterheads during the data aggregation process and learn the nature of communications to gain knowledge about adversary intensity. It constructs primary and secondary rule-sets to filter and select secure clusterheads based on energy, neighbors, vulnerability, vicinity and distance from adversaries. Simulation results using MEMSIC sensor nodes showed the proposed approach reduces energy consumption and improves data delivery compared to existing methods.
Integrated Framework for Secure and Energy Efficient Communication System in ...IJECEIAES
Irrespective of different forms and strategies implementing for securing Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), there are very less strategies that offers cost effective security over heterogeneous network. Therefore, this paper presents an integrated set of different processes that emphasize over secure routing, intellectual and delay-compensated routing, and optimization principle with a sole intention of securing the communication to and from the sensor nodes during data aggregation. The processed system advocates the non-usage of complex cryptography and encourages the usage of probability their and analytical modelling in order to render more practical implementation. The simulated outcome of study shows that proposed system offers reduced delay, more throughputs, and reduced energy consumption in contrast to existing system.
An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Implementation for Key Distribution in Hybrid Me...IJAAS Team
This document presents a new model for securing key distribution in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using intuitionistic fuzzy sets. The model determines the appropriate length of an intermediate encryption key based on network parameters like node count, node authentication history, trusted neighbor count, key change frequency, and desired key length. An intuitionistic fuzzy sets implementation assigns membership and non-membership values to each parameter. Based on the combinations of parameter values, intuitionistic rules output a session key scale and corresponding key length ranging from very low to very high security. The model was experimentally shown to efficiently create and distribute keys compared to other models.
Secure and Trustable Routing in WSN for End to End CommunicationIJMTST Journal
In WSNs, end-to-end data communication security is required to combine data from source to destination. Combined data are transmitted in a path exist of connected links. All previous end to end routing protocols propose solutions in which each n every link uses a pair wise shared key to protect data. In this paper, we propose a novel design of secure end to end data communication. We give a newly published group key pre distribution scheme in this design, such that there is a unique group key, called path key, to protect data transmitted in the whole routing path. Specifically, instead of using several pair wise shared keys to repeatedly perform encryption and decryption over every link, our proposed scheme uses a unique source to destination path key to protect data transmitted over the path. Our proposed protocol can authenticate sensors to establish the path and to establish the path key. The main advantage using our protocol is to reduce the time needed to process data by middle sensors. Moreover, our proposed authentication scheme has complexity O(n), where n is the number of sensors in a communication path, which is several from all authentication schemes till now, which are one-to-one authentications with complexity O(n2). The security of the protocol is computationally secure. Active Trust can importantly improve the data route success probability and ability opposite black hole attacks and can optimize network lifetime.
E FFICIENT E NERGY U TILIZATION P ATH A LGORITHM I N W IRELESS S ENSOR...IJCI JOURNAL
With limited amount of energy, nodes are powered by
batteries in wireless networks. Increasing the lif
e
span of the network and reducing the usage of energ
y are two severe problems in Wireless Sensor
Networks. A small number of energy utilization path
algorithms like minimum spanning tree reduces tota
l
energy consumption of a Wireless Sensor Network, ho
wever very heavy load of sending data packets on
many key nodes is used with the intention that the
nodes quickly consumes battery energy, by raising t
he
life span of the network reduced. Our proposal work
aimed on presenting an Energy Conserved Fast and
Secure Data Aggregation Scheme for WSN in time and
security logic occurrence data collection
application. To begin with, initially the goal is m
ade on energy preservation of sensed data gathering
from
event identified sensor nodes to destination. Inven
tion is finished on Energy Efficient Utilization Pa
th
Algorithm (EEUPA), to extend the lifespan by proces
sing the collecting series with path mediators
depending on gene characteristics sequencing of nod
e energy drain rate, energy consumption rate, and
message overhead together with extended network lif
e span. Additionally, a mathematical programming
technique is designed to improve the lifespan of th
e network. Simulation experiments carried out among
different relating conditions of wireless sensor ne
twork by different path algorithms to analyze the
efficiency and effectiveness of planned Efficient E
nergy Utilization Path Algorithm in wireless sensor
network (EEUPA)
A secure and energy saving protocol for wireless sensor networksjournalBEEI
The research domain for wireless sensor networks (WSN) has been extensively conducted due to innovative technologies and research directions that have come up addressing the usability of WSN under various schemes. This domain permits dependable tracking of a diversity of environments for both military and civil applications. The key management mechanism is a primary protocol for keeping the privacy and confidentiality of the data transmitted among different sensor nodes in WSNs. Since node's size is small; they are intrinsically limited by inadequate resources such as battery life-time and memory capacity. The proposed secure and energy saving protocol (SESP) for wireless sensor networks) has a significant impact on the overall network life-time and energy dissipation. To encrypt sent messsages, the SESP uses the public-key cryptography’s concept. It depends on sensor nodes' identities (IDs) to prevent the messages repeated; making security goals- authentication, confidentiality, integrity, availability, and freshness to be achieved. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed approach produced better energy consumption and network life-time compared to LEACH protocol; sensors are dead after 900 rounds in the proposed SESP protocol. While, in the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) scheme, the sensors are dead after 750 rounds.
A Test-Bed Implementation for Securing OLSR In Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks IJNSA Journal
Contemporary personal computing devices are increasingly required to be portable and mobile enabling user’s wireless access, to wired network infrastructures and services. This approach to mobile computing and communication is only appropriate in situations where a coherent infrastructure is available. There are many situations where these requirements are not fulfilled such as; developing nations, rural areas, natural disasters, and military conflicts to name but a few. A practical solution is to use mobile devices interconnected via a wireless medium to form a network, known as a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), and provide the services normally found in wired networks. Security in MANETs is an issue of paramount importance due to the wireless nature of the communication links. Additionally due to the lack of central administration security issues are different from conventional networks. For the purposes of this article we have used the “WMN testbed” to enable secure routing in MANETs. The use of cryptography is an efficient proven way of securing data in communications, but some cryptographic algorithms are not as efficient as others and require more processing power, which is detrimental to MANETs. In this article we have assessed different cryptographic approaches to securing the OLSR (Optimised Link State Routing) protocol to provide a basis for research. We conclude the paper with a series of performance evaluation results regarding different cryptographic and hashing schemes. Our findings clearly show that the most efficient combination of algorithms used for authentication and encryption are SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm-1) and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) respectively. Using this combination over their counterparts will lead to a considerable reduction in processing time and delay on the network, creating an efficient transaction moving towards satisfying resource constraints and security requirements.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOM NEURAL NETWORK BASED ENERGY EFFICIENT CLUSTERING HIERARCHI...ijassn
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new clustering protocol called SOM-PEG for wireless sensor networks. SOM-PEG is based on the PEGASIS protocol but uses self-organizing map (SOM) neural networks to select cluster heads, with the goal of improving network lifetime and reducing energy consumption compared to PEGASIS. The document provides background on PEGASIS and SOM neural networks, describes the SOM-PEG algorithm and simulation setup, and discusses performance metrics for evaluating and comparing routing protocols in wireless sensor networks.
Efficient Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor NetworksIJAEMSJORNAL
Sensor network is a term used to refer to a heterogeneous system combining tiny sensors and actuators with general/special-purpose processors. Sensor networks are assumed to grow in size to include hundreds or thousands of low-power, low-cost, static or mobile nodes. This system is created by observing that for any densely deployed sensor network, high redundancy exists in the gathered information from the sensor nodes that are close to each other we have exploited the redundancy and designed schemes to secure different kinds of aggregation processing against both inside and outside attacks.
Current issue- International Journal of Advanced Smart Sensor Network Systems...ijassn
With the availability of low cost, short range sensor technology along with advances in wireless networking, sensor networks has become a hot topic of discussion. The International Journal of Advanced Smart Sensor Network Systems is an open access peer-reviewed journal which focuses on applied research and applications of sensor networks. While sensor networks provide ample opportunities to provide various services, its effective deployment in large scale is still challenging due to various factors. This journal provides a forum that impacts the development of high performance computing solutions to problems arising due to the complexities of sensor network systems. It also acts as a path to exchange novel ideas about impacts of sensor networks research.
Similar to Balancing Trade-off between Data Security and Energy Model for Wireless Sensor Network (20)
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
2. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Balancing Trade-off between Data Security and Energy Model for Wireless Sensor …. (Manjunath B. E.)
1049
security requirements. A detailed survey is about the current trend of a secure communication system in
WSN is presented [3].
Although the most recent techniques to enhance the security paradigm in WSN networking
environments are found efficient in securing the transmitted data packets still there exists a trade-off in
between safety and energy consumption where most of the routing based and optimization based techniques
lacks computational efficiency thus it generates power consumption overhead in overall systems. Therefore,
by addressing this above stated issue the proposed study conceptualized an energy efficient framework
namely N-MSP for secure data transmission and aggregation in a WSN.
The proposed secure framework adopted the features of Cryptography based security to authenticate
the message to be transmitted through a wireless channel. The technique utilizes an HMAC based
authentication scheme followed by pairwise key establishment during data aggregation process for two
different type of node set up. However, an extensive simulation has been carried out to verify the
performance efficiency of the proposed cryptography based N-MSP method which thereby depicts that being
a light-weight security framework; it achieves very less computation time and energy consumption
concerning iteration. It also shows that framework can easily manage the dynamicity of the network and
performs the hash-based message authentication in the different parameterized scenario. The performance
evaluation ensures its effectiveness on processing huge block size considering secure hash functions. The
proposed framework also performs a secure data aggregation irrespective of any additional computing
parameters. The paper organization is maintained as per the following orientation Section 2 describes all the
significant conventional studies and their respective contributions where as Section 3 presents the conceptual
system design for the prosed security paradigm, and Section 4 thereby discusses the implementation scenario,
simulation results obtained and analysis, and finally Section 5 concerns to conclude the overall work.
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The related work study can be broadly categorized into three groups namely (a) Techniques for
Routing based security, (b) Techniques on Cryptographic-based security and (c) Techniques on Optimized
security models.
2.1. Techniques for Routing based Security
Literature survey shows, the routing based security techniques normally implemented with the
purpose of evolving security features on extensive routing operations. However, a closer look at the existing
literature shows that most of the conventional routing strategies are considerably modified to some extent
concerning security aspects. The prime objective of the existing studies was found more likely towards
enhancing the security features of routing protocols.
The study of Das, et al.; [4] most recently introduced a WSN driven threat modeling system to bring
resistance against wormhole as well as flooding attacks. Moreover, the study adopted the features of MAC
scheme to ensure optimal security management in a WSN.
The study of Nandu and Shekokar [5] designed a conceptual model about the network authentication
where the prime focus was laid towards defending DoS attack in WSN. The technique improvised the
concept of re-programming along with the ease of decoding-encoding, selection of scope and versioning.
To address the critical factors of cloud-based security models, the study of Henze et al.; [6]
presented a solution approach which involves confederation of IoT with cloud computing paradigm. The
study ensures higher acceptance of the proposed vision into the real-time cloud-based applications by
incorporating a comprehensive approach for privacy preservation of sensitive data. However, the method also
enables the integrity of cloud services to enhance the adaptable interface for privacy requirements.
Sasikumar and Preetha [7] exhibited an extensive performance analysis of secure LEACH based
clustering protocol from a theoretical perspective. However, most of the LEACH based protocols are found
vulnerable to the security attacks. Keeping key design complexities of LEACH into the mind, the proposed
study analyzes the performance competence of the secure-LEACH. The extensive simulation has been
carried out considering the verification of every node's authenticity along with discarding bogus messages,
intended to interrupt communication scenario. The outcome of the study thereby ensures the effectiveness of
secure-LEACH in protecting the network from intruders.
The study of Flinn et al.; [8] introduced a unique application of A-Star algorithm using enhancing
the heuristic component. The study is claimed to achieve a balanced flexibility in between the security and
the network efficiency. The study outcomes are verified by different levels changing topologies which
confirm that it ensures a high level of security at the cost of an optimal path when compared to the well-
known Dijkstra's algorithm.
A ring based grouping mechanism for WSN has been introduced in the study of Mengyao et al.; [9].
3. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 8, No. 2, April 2018 : 1048 – 1055
1050
The study mostly intended to perform a secure inter-cluster communication where the security features are
mostly inclined towards supportable trust factors.
Adnan et al.; [10] conceptualized a secure protocol namely Secure Region-Based Geographic
Routing Protocol (SRBGR) for WSN communication paradigm. The protocol has been designed with the aim
of preventing undesirable packet transmission and increasing the probability of discovering relay nodes. The
experimental outcomes demonstrate that SRBGR outperforms the conventional techniques n terms of packet
delivery ratio. It also improves the network efficiency by resisting Sybil and blackhole attacks.
Masdari et al.; [11] tried to improve the performance efficiency of SECURE-LEACH protocol from
all possible security aspects. Further, the extensibility is defined as per the standard protocol implementation
scenario in WSN. The next segment discusses few of the significant contribution towards security
enhancements for WSN using cryptographic-based techniques.
2.2. Techniques on Cryptography Based Security
Cryptography based authentication is another way to provide high-level security on network
protocols. It incorporates encryption mechanism on transmitted data packets and makes it more secure while
sending through wireless communication channels. It is more often provided secure communication by
detecting vulnerable links on a WSN. However, most of the extensive reviews on cryptographic protocols
exhibit the fact that the high-level conceptual design and respective implementation scenario of conventional
cryptosystems are complex and error-prone. Thus it affects the performance of an overall system. However,
the analysis says that either one can develop his cryptography technique or can modify the old ones. The
most recent work carried out by Tomar et al.; [12] implemented an image-based authentication that enables
ECC cryptography for secure key exchange. The design analysis of the algorithm shows that it utilizes very
less key size and computing steps, thereby achieves computational efficiency regarding processing time and
key exchange time. Experimental outcomes further display its effectiveness towards providing a secure layer
to cloud computing networks.
The study of Soosahabi et al.; [13] presented a cryptographic probabilistic approach to the
deliberately present state of transmission whether it could be a harmless or harmful state.
Kabir et al.; [14] formulated a security framework involving privacy preservation of sensitive and
secret information. The proposed framework was claimed to be capable of handling security issues using
symmetric key cryptography. The study simulates the proposed framework under parameterized and
reconfigurable sensor nodes where execution time, memory, power consumption, and cost were considered
as performance parameters. The findings of the proposed work were compared with the significant prior
studies.
The study of Kodali and Sarma [15] an ECC based Diffe-Hellman key exchange protocol has been
proposed and implemented. The outcome of the study was verified under extensive simulation and studied
considering underlying protocol stack. The study outcomes offer lowered computational complexity during
implementation.
2.3. Techniques for Optimized Security Models
The recent survey towards optimized security models for WSN paradigms has claimed it to be an
active research area since 2010 onwards. In the recent past, most of the studies are found to adopt
optimization models into their work such as the study of Narad and Chavan [16] incorporated the concept of
the neural network to build up a new authentication scheme for WSN intensive routing operations.
Karapistol and Economides [17] have presented a modelling of security framework to address the
jamming attack in WSN. The proposed system adhere the features of game theory and thereby simulated
under extensive probability and utility factors. The design factors of the modelling considered the
components of Stackelberg games. It can be seen in the study of [18] that same author has carried out an
alternative simulation to detect the anomaly of respective events.
Poojashri et al.; [19] also introduced a game theoretical approach based framework to detect the
node compromise attack in WSN. The proposed system namely intelligent Intruder Detection System (IDS)
is proposed concerning three different functional components such as a combined framework using data
fusion, neural network, and game theory. The obtained simulation results show that the proposed model can
achieve significant outcomes while defending the attacks performed on sensitive information.
A bio-inspired algorithmic approach namely ant colony optimization has been utilized in the study
of Alrajeh et al.; [20] where the outcomes were verified under several optimized performance parameters.
The simulation results ensure its effectiveness in controlling data efficiency and minimizing the packet loss
during transmission.
4. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Balancing Trade-off between Data Security and Energy Model for Wireless Sensor …. (Manjunath B. E.)
1051
Another implementation of game theoretical approach can be found in the study of Ding et al.; [21]
where the performance efficiency of the proposed model has been evaluated considering performance metric
of energy consumption during ciphering, memory consumption and execution time.
TO tackle the issues of node attacks, a trust-based secure routing (TSR) mechanism is discussed in
Ahmed et al. [22]. The outcomes of this mechanism under faulty node condition suggested that it achieves
better delivery ratio and throughput. A review work towards the comparing the different asymmetric
Cryptographic (ECC, RSA, DSA, etc.) algorithms was done for WNS by Singh and Chauhan [23]
considering various parameters (weakness, key strength, attacks). The work introduced by Wang et al., [24]
gives the security analysis for WSN by considering the wormhole attacks.With the designed security model
author has achieved highly effective and accurate security for WSN.
3. SYSTEM MODEL OF N-MSP
The proposed system aims to formulate a novel framework to enhance the security parameters of
conventional WSN considering a mix mode deployment strategy for two different types of sensor nodes such
as TYPE-1 and TYPE-2 sensor nodes. However, the study also aims to achieve an optimal trade-off in
between energy consumption and security during intensive routing operations. The following Figure 1
depicts the architectural framework of the conceptual model concerning key generation and clustering set up.
SYSTEM MODEL
Simulation Parameters
Init Type-1 Nodes
Init Type-2 Nodes
Mixed Mode
Deployment
Key Generation and
Clsutering
Initial KEY Setup
Pairing KEY Set up
Perform DATA
Aggregation
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Figure 1. System Model of the Proposed Framework
The proposed system performs clustering of sensor nodes followed by secure data aggregation
where the concept of Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) plays a significant role. The
proposed model also uses a pairwise key generation process where each node generates unique key randomly
with a combined entity of private and public key components. The framework thereby performs HMAC
authentication scheme in each message transmitting from one sensor node to another during data aggregation
process. The HMAC authentication initiates SHA-1, SHA-256,
SHA-384, SHA-512 based on the requirements to process block size of data. Finally, the obtained
simulation results have been verified under several performance parameters regarding computation time T
measurement concerning the number of iteration performed by the algorithm during pairwise key
establishment and cluster key update. The experimental outcomes show the effectiveness of the proposed
method for reducing the computational cost and energy overhead.
5. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 8, No. 2, April 2018 : 1048 – 1055
1052
ALGORITHM ONE: Proposed Energy-Efficient Secure Data Transmission in WSN
Input: Ntype1, Ntype2, A
Output: Secure DA and Energy Efficient Communication
START
1. Initialize Ntype1 , Ntype2 , A;
2. Generate x, y localization under boundary;
3. Generate coordinates of Type-1 nodes;
4. Generate coordinates of Type-2 nodes;
5. Perform mixed mode deployment;
6. Perform, Initial KEY Setup;
7. Init MPKEY, PUBKEY, Crypto(hash) ;
8. Concatenate MPKEY , PUBKEY , Crypto(hash) ;
9. PLOT N;
10. Formation of a cluster
11. Perform pairing KEY set up
12. Compute pair of PARP-KEY, PARPUB-KEY
13. Generate individual node key randomly
14. Perform HMAC, SHA-1 on Ntype1 data.
15. Perform pairwise KEY generation
16. FOR (i1: Ntype1 )
17. COMPUTE Advmsg
18. COMPUTE dist.
19. END
20. Connect Ntype1 with Ntype2
21. Find out nodes within range
22. Set up communication
23. Select CH based on proximity
24. Select the node with minimum dist
25. Perform Data Aggregation
END
This algorithm depicts how the proposed N-MSP attains energy efficient securing data transmission
by incorporating the concept of HMAC with pairwise key generation. However, in the initial step, the
algorithm takes No. of Type-1 and Type-2 nodes as input and perform localization of respective nodes under
a specific boundary (Line: 1-4). Further, the algorithm performs a mix mode deployment of these on a fixed
area A with different types of capabilities (Line-5). The algorithm enables an initial KEY set up in every
node to perform data encryption on their respective data (Line-6). Further, it also initiates MPKEY,
PUBKEY and a Crypto(hash) to encrypt the data before transmission in the wireless network environment.
Later on, it concatenates all the key values and forms the network parameters (Line: 7-10). However, the
algorithm thereby formulates a clustering scheme for the ease of data aggregation and performs distribution
of pairing KEY followed by computation of partial private and public key (Line:10-13). The framework
incorporates a hash-based authentication scheme to validate every data packet which is present as follows
with a mathematical expression (Line-14).
HMAC (MPKEY, D) (1)
H ((MPKEY
1
opad) || H ((MPKEY
1
iPad) || D)) (2) [25]
The above Equation (2) exhibits that the Crypto (hash) performs outer padding and inner padding in MPKEY
1
before performing exclusive or and concatenation operation on the data D to be authenticated. The following Table 1
represents the symbols and their respective description used in Algorithm-1.
The algorithm further performs pairwise key generation and further precisely address the nodes
which are within communication range. The cluster head selection is formulated based on a proximity
orientation where the node resides within a minimum distance also taken into consideration. Finally, the
algorithm performs the data aggregation before the initialization performance metrics. The next segment of
the proposed study performs a simulation of the proposed N-MSP algorithm where the various performance
metrics are taken into consideration to measure the computational efficiency of the proposed N-MSP to
maintain a balance between security and energy consumption. The simulation has been carried out
considering a numerical computing platform concerning different rounds.
6. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Balancing Trade-off between Data Security and Energy Model for Wireless Sensor …. (Manjunath B. E.)
1053
Table 1. Symbol Representation
Sl. No Symbol Description
1 A Deployment Area
2 Ntype1 No of Sensor Node of Type-1
3 Ntype2 No of Sensor Node of Type-2
4 x, y Localization of Sensor Nodes
5 DA Data Aggregation
6 MPKEY Master Private key
7 PUBKEY Public Key
8 Crypto(hash) Cryptographic HASH function
9 N Network parameter
10 Advmsg Advertisement Message
11 dist Distance
12 PARP-KEY Partial Private key
13 PARPUB-KEY Partial Public key
14. D DATA
15 MPKEY
1
Secret key derived from original
key
16 H Cryptographic Hash
4. SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT
The proposed algorithm namely N-MSP has been simulated under MATLAB Computing Platform
running on 64-bit operating systems. The framework performs an extensive analysis of the proposed light-
weight cryptography algorithm concerning several performance parameters.
The simulation studied to evaluate the processing time required during cluster key update which is
plotted in (Figure 2), depicts that the proposed N-MSP achieves very less amount of processing time during
encryption process with cluster key update concerning different level of iteration. Thereby, the asymptotic
analysis conveys N-MSP's effectiveness on accomplishing computational efficiency. It also shows how the
processing time of the proposed N-MSP has been computed considering the different velocity of mobile
sensor nodes such as 1m/s, 2m/s, etc. However, in every simulation scenario more or less the proposed
system achieves very less computation time.
Figure 2. Iteration Vs. Processing Time (Sec) Figure 3. Iteration Vs. Energy Consumption (J)
The experimental outcomes also exhibit that despite having a capability to process a secure data
transmission faster our proposed algorithm also archives an optimal trade-off in between the security and
energy consumption. The extensive simulation carried out for observing the outcomes of pairwise key
establishment steps reveals that the proposed N-MSP also consume very less amount of energy concerning
iteration for different mobile nodes as in (Figure 3). The optimal energy consumption along with higher
computational efficiency makes the algorithm extensible and more active in future research perspectives.
5. CONCLUSION
Secure data transmission in WSN has become one of the most active research areas for many years.
The proposed study formulated a novel model of security paradigm namely N-MSP which can perform
efficient, secure hash oriented message authentication in an energy efficient manner. The proposed technique
7. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 8, No. 2, April 2018 : 1048 – 1055
1054
most adheres the features of HMAC based SHA-1 to authenticate every sensor messages before performing
data aggregation on this. The obtained outcomes after simulating the proposed HMAC in a numerical
computing simulation tool exhibits its effectiveness on achieving very less processing time and energy
consumption. It also archives optimal trade-off in between energy and security. Moreover, the study ensures
its extensibility in futuristic sensor applications.
REFERENCES
[1] W. R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, "Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless
microsensor networks," Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
2000, pp. 10. vol.2.
[2] M. Z. Hasan, H. Al-Rizzo; F. Al-Turjman, “A Survey on Multipath Routing Protocols for QoS Assurances in Real-
Time Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks," in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, No.99, pp.1-1, 2017.
[3] B.E. Manjunath and P.V. Rao, “Trends of Recent Secure Communication System and its Effectiveness in Wireless
Sensor Network” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), Vol.7(9),
pp131-139, 2016.
[4] A.K.Das, R.Chaki, and K.N.Dey, "Secure energy-efficient routing protocol for the wireless sensor network,"
Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp.3-27, 2016.
[5] P.Nandu, and N. Shekokar, "An Enhanced Authentication Mechanism to Secure Re-programming in WSN,"
Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 45, pp.397-406, 2015.
[6] M. Henze, “A comprehensive approach to privacy in the cloud-based Internet of Things," Future Generation
Computer Systems, Vol. 56, pp.701-718, 2016.
[7] P. Sasikumar and K.S. Preetha, “Performance Analysis of Secure Leach Based Clustering Protocol in Wireless
Sensor Networks," International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 10(14), pp.34035-34041, 2015.
[8] J. Flinn, H. S. Choi Ortiz, and S. Yuan, "A Secure Routing Scheme for Networks with Unknown or Dynamic
Topology using A-star Algorithm," Proceedings of the International Conference on Security and Management
(SAM). The Steering Committee of the World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Applied
Computing (WorldComp), 2016.
[9] L. Mengyao, Y. Zhang, and X. Li, "Ring-based security energy-efficient routing protocol for WSN," In Control and
Decision Conference, The 26th Chinese, pp. 1892-1897, 2014.
[10] A.I. Adnan, Ali "A Secure Region-Based Geographic Routing Protocol (SRBGR) for Wireless Sensor
Networks," PloS one, Vol. 12(1), 2017.
[11] M. Masdari, S.M. Bazarchi, and M. Bidaki, "Analysis of secure LEACH-based clustering protocols in wireless
sensor networks," Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Vol. 36(4), pp.1243-1260, 2013.
[12] A. S. Tomar, "Enhanced Image-Based Authentication with Secure Key Exchange Mechanism Using ECC in
Cloud," International Symposium on Security in Computing and Communication. Springer Singapore, 2016.
[13] R. Soosahabi and M. N-Pour, "Scalable PHY-Layer Security for Distributed Detection in Wireless Sensor
Network," IEEE Transactions of Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 7(4), pp. 1118-1126, 2012.
[14] A.F.M. Kabir, "Efficient and secured rekeying based key distribution in wireless sensor architecture with Arduino
and XBee. Diss. Lethbridge, Alta.: The University of Lethbridge", Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science,
2015.
[15] R.K. Kodali, and N.N. Sarma, "Energy efficient ECC encryption using ECDH," In Emerging Research in
Electronics, Computer Science and Technology Springer, pp. 471-478, 2014.
[16] S. Narad and P. Chavan, "Cascade Forward Back-propagation Neural Network Based Group Authentication Using
(n, n) Secret Sharing Scheme," Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 78, pp.185-191,2016.
[17] E. Karapistoli, and A.A. Economides, "Defending jamming attacks in wireless sensor networks using Stackelberg
monitoring strategies," In Communications in China (ICCC), pp. 161-165, 2014
[18] E. Karapistoli, and A.A. Economides, "ADLU: a novel anomaly detection and location-attribution algorithm for
UWB wireless sensor networks," EURASIP Journal of Information Security, pp.1-12, 2014.
[19] C.S.E. Poojashri, C. S., E. Sandeep Kumar, and S. V. Sathyanarayana. "A game-theoretic approach for combating
node compromise attack in Wireless Sensor Network," Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP),
International Conference, 2016.
[20] N.A. Alrajeh, M.S. Alabed, and M.S. Elwahiby, "Secure ant-based routing protocol for the wireless sensor
network," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2013.
[21] Y. Ding, X.W. Zhou, Z.M. Cheng, and F.H. Lin, "A security differential game model for sensor networks in
context of the internet of things.” Wireless personal communications, Vol.72(1), pp.375-388, 2013.
[22] Adnan Ahmed, Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar, Muhammad Ibrahim Channa, Khalid Haseeb, "Countering Node
Misbehavior Attacks Using Trust Based Secure Routing Protocol," TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing
Electronics and Control), Vol.13, No.1, pp. 260~268, March 2015.
[23] Pooja Singh, R.K. Chauhan, "A Survey on Comparisons of Cryptographic Algorithms Using Certain Parameters in
WSN," International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 2232~2240,
August 2017.
[24] Hongbin Wang, Liping Feng, Rong Li, YiChi Zhang, "The Secure Localization Algorithm of SDV-HOP in Wireless
Sensor Networks," TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), Vol.14, No.3A, pp.
65~74, September 2016.
8. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Balancing Trade-off between Data Security and Energy Model for Wireless Sensor …. (Manjunath B. E.)
1055
[25] H. Krawczyk, M. Bellare, R. Canetti,"HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication," Network Working
Group, Request for Comments, 2014
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Manjunath B. E., pursuing Ph.D. under Jain University. I have completed my M.Tech from SSIT,
Tumkur, VTU, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. My total work experience is around ten years. Attended
a Three Day Workshop on "ROBOTRYST – 2013" in association with Tryst IIT-Delhi. Attended a
Three Day National level Workshop on "Microcontroller MSP430 & its Applications" organized by
HKBK College of Engineering, Bangalore in association with VTU, Belgaum, Karnataka State
Council for Science and Technology, Bengaluru & M/s Advanced Electronics Systems at HKBK
campus on 30th January to 1st February 2012. Participated in a five day Mission10x workshop on
"Faculty Empowerment Program" conducted by Wipro, Bengaluru, from 23rd to 27th November
2009. Participated in a three day Mission10x Advanced workshop on "Faculty Empowerment
Program" conducted by Wipro, Bengaluru. Participated in a one day workshop on " Recent Trends
& Challenges in Indian Power Sector" organized by E&EE Dept., SKIT, Bengaluru, on 31st
October 2009.
Dr. P.V. Rao., Professor, Dept. of E&C, I have completed Ph.D. at Dr. MGR University, Chennai
in 2011. My total professional experience is around 23 years. My two Ph. D research scholars
submitted a thesis and awaiting for final debate guiding five Ph. D candidates in the area of Low
Power VLSI Signal processing and image processing from visvesvaraya Technical University,
Belagavi, Karnataka, India.