3. Full year sales: EUR 35.1 billion
R&D expenditures: EUR 3.1 billion (21,100 cr)
Agro: ~4400 cr
Bayer Business Areas
4. An extensive network of R&D facilities spanning the entire globe
A strong R&D team with 3,700 scientific staff worldwide
7 key R&D sites on 3 continents
A Global Facility and Competence Network
Monheim
Global Headquarters
Frankfurt
Herbicides
Sophia-
Antipolis, France
Toxicology
Lyon, France
Fungicides
Stilwell, KS
Gent
BioScience
Haelen
Numhem
7. Sugar a need
• Income Growth
• Population Growth
• Dynamics of Domestic prices – decontrolled
• Level of Direct and Industrial Sugar Consumption
• Penetration of Sugar Substitutes
• Indian Sugar demand is increasing from 22 Mln T to 32 Mln T by 2015
8. Utilization of Sugarcane in India
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
1970-71
1980-81
1990-91
2000-01
2005-06
2009-10
2010-11
White Sugar
Seed & Feed
Gud
9. Sugar Production
5.34
4.61.32
6.09
Area ( M ha)
Brazil
India
China
Others
40%
30%
10%
20%
Pron' M Ton
Brazil
India
China
Others
73
6366
64
Provt T/ha
Brazil
India
China
Others
10. Sugarcane production in India
2095
914
399
305
221
177
710
Area M ha
UP Maharashtra Karnataka Tamil Nadu
Bihar AP Others
11. Sugarcane a glance
Country Area
( M ha)
Production (M
Tons)
Productivity
(Tons/Ha)
Brazil 7.34 618.3 72.3
India 4.60 327.6 62.8
China 1.62 115.3 65.5
Thailand 0.97 64.4 66.4
Pakistan 1.10 52.0 47.9
Mexico 0.70 45.1 70.6
Australia 0.42 36.5 85.1
USA 0.40 31.3 77.5
Philippines 0.38 25.8 67.1
Others 2.12 10.3 63.2
12. State Area (TH ha) Production
Lakh MT
Productivity
MT/ha
UP 2095 1205 58
MAH 914 755 84
KRN 399 359 90
TN 305 314 104
BHR 221 105 48
AP 177 135 76
GUJ 173 132 77
Others 410 340 82
Sugarcane a glance
13. Farmer’s cost increasing
• Rising Production Costs
• Fertilizer Costs: up by 65%
• Seed Cane costs: up by 95%
• Pesticides costs : up by 20 to 30%
• Land rent : Up by over 100%
• Transport fuel costs : Up 68%
• Pest and diseases
14. Reasons for low productivity
Low productivity
Varieties
Nutrients
Pest
Cultural
Practices
17. Fig. 1 : Larvae of C.
infuscatellus
SUGARCANE
Early Shoot Borer
Chilo infuscatellus
(Pyralidae : Lepidoptera)
Fig. 2 : Dead heart
Fig. 3 : Infested field
18. Page 25 • BCS 4:3 Template 2003 • June 2011
SUGARCANE
Early Shoot Borer
Chilo infuscatellus
(Pyralidae : Lepidoptera)
19. Eggs are straw coloured scale like, over lapping, usually laid on leaf sheath
or under side of leaf blade.
Caterpillars are slender, white and have five violet stripes along the body
with dark brown head (Fig. 1).
The caterpillar bores into growing stem usually at ground level causing a
dead heart (Fig. 2) which can be easily pulled out and emit offensive smell.
A number of side tillers are produced which in turn may be infested.
Pest attack is usually severe in the early stages of the crop growth during
the hot pre-monsoon period (Fig. 3). However, even after cane formation, it
can affect internodes.
SUGARCANE
Early Shoot Borer
Chilo infuscatellus
(Pyralidae : Lepidoptera)
21. Caterpillars have white body with dark spots and brown head.
Caterpillars bore at the nodal region and enter the stem (Fig. 4).
Its feeding makes the tissues red (Fig. 5).
Entrance hole is usually plugged with excreta (Fig. 6).
A single larva may attack a number of nodes.
SUGARCANE
Internode borer
Chilo saccharifagus indicus
(Pyralidae : Lepidoptera)
22. Fig. 7 : Adults, egg mass & larva
SUGARCANE
Top Shoot Borer
Scirpophaga nivella
(Pyralidae : Lepidoptera)
Fig. 8 : Cane showing entrance hole
Fig. 10 : Bunchy topFig. 9 : Cane cut open to show
damaged tissues
23. Caterpillars are pale white (Fig. 7).
Caterpillars damage the cane beyond 3 months age.
Larva first tunnels into the mid rib of leaves, leaving red marking, usually in the
second to fifth leaf from the top.
As a result of biting across the spindle, a number of shot holes are formed in
the leaf.
Larva enters the cane and damages the growing point and feeds on internal
tissues (Fig. 8), side shoots develop and give rise to a bunch top (Fig 10).
Dead heart when formed is reddish brown, appears charred and cannot be
easily pulled out.
Activity of the top shoot borer starts with the onset of monsoon rains.
SUGARCANE
Top Shoot Borer
Scirpophaga nivella
(Pyralidae : Lepidoptera)
24. Fig. 21 : Colony of white ants
SUGARCANE
Termites
Microtermes obesi
Odontotermes spp.
(Termitidae : Isoptera)
Fig. 22 : Canes filled up with
mud galleries
Apply Regent Gr 0.3% @ 8-10 kg/ac at 15 days after planting.
25. Page 32 • BCS 4:3 Template 2003 • June 2011
Life cycle of Termites
26. These are social insects which live in colonies and occur in different morphological
forms as workers, soldiers and sexual forms viz. Kings & Queen.
After monsoon, winged sexual forms appear.
The queen after mating, loses wings, reenters soil, increases in size and starts
laying eggs continuously for 7-10 years.
Canes get filled up with mud galleries after internal tissues are eaten up (Fig 22)
Outer leaves of infested plants begin to dry first.
Severely damaged plants can be easily pulled out.
Germinating setts are hollowed out and plant population is drastically reduced.
SUGARCANE
Termites
Microtermes obesi
Odontotermes spp.
(Termitidae : Isoptera)
29. White grubs are known to affect all crops
Can cause 100 % damage
More than 35 Species are reported in India
Two major Sp - Holotrochia & Leuchopholis
Very hard to kill Pest
WHY IT IS DANGEROUS
35. Management of WG
Adult Collection :
Beetles aggregate in large numbers and both sexes are
together
Host Plant Treatment with insecticide :
Insecticidal application to adult host plants
Cultural practices :
Deep ploughing during summer
Chemical Methods:
Pesticides : Chloropriphos,Lamda,Phorate ,Regent GR
36. How difficult it is to control
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July
365 days
365 Days
365 Days
37. Leucopholis Vs Holotricha
Leucopholis lepidophora Holotricha serrata
Difficult to manage
Has two year life cycle
Over lapping generations
Infestation occurs randomly
Also called as June beetle
Has one year life cycle
Usually no over lapping generations
Specific pattern of infestation
52. Product features & benefit
Product Features
1. Dual mode of action – contact &
systemic
2. Controls all species of white grubs
3. Excellent PGE effects
Product benefits
1. Effective control of white grubs
2. Longer persistence
3. ‘One shot solution’ for complex problem
4. Stronger, greener, Healthier crop
56. Time of application
• Holotricha Spp –
• Single application at the time of Planting
• Leucopholis Spp –
• Two application required for better management
• One at the time of Planting
• Second at the time of earthing up
