The document discusses the use of Trichogramma chilonis as a biological control agent for sugarcane stem borer in Bangladesh. It notes that T. chilonis parasitizes stem borer eggs, preventing larvae from emerging. It recommends mass rearing and regular release of T. chilonis from May to September to control stem borer and minimize yield losses. Using T. chilonis is described as an effective, eco-friendly, and economical alternative to chemical pesticides for stem borer management in sugarcane.

2.  We the SABL is very concerned about BSFIC.
 Most cane people of it’s head office are highly
skilled and resource persons on pest control in
sugarcane field.
 The head office cane people are also equipped
and capable enough to guide, supervise and
monitor the pest control measure that is being
continued in the Mill Zones over more than 4
decades.

3.  However our effort is to make you memorize some
particular aspects specially on Trichogramma.
 Although it was started a decade ago in India, the use
of Trichogramma is scaling up as a latest innovation in
sugarcane field in Bangladesh .
 It can be applied for intercrops too in sugarcane field.
 The intercrops say, brinjal, cabbage and tomato can be
treated with Trichogramma to control fruit and shoot
borer, cabbage worm (Pieris repae) tomato pin worm
(Keiferia lycopersicella) etc.

4. Since Trichogramma chilonis
parasitizes the fresh egg
mass of sugarcane stem
borer, hence it’s called an
egg parasitoid.

8.  They can be used in a variety of crops as well
as in horticultural and ornamental plants.
 Trichogramma are used extensively in a variety
of crops including sugarcane, cotton, corn,
brinjal, tomato, cabbage, cauliflower, rice, oil
seeds and pulses etc.
 The cost is so low, that it is feasible to purchase
them for massive releases.

10. Day1.
Trichogramma
chilonis parasitizes
an egg of HSB on
sugarcane plant.
Days 1-3 after
parasitization.
Trichogramma
larvae feed
internally on egg
embryo.
Days 4-8 after
parasitization.
HSB egg grows into
completely
black.Trichogramma
is in papal stage.
Days 8-9 after
parasitization.
Adult
Trichogramma
chilonis emerges.

12. Day 1. Day 4 Day 6.
Day 7. Stem borer larva

13.  The egg is laid in a most hidden place .
 The egg mass can be found only underneath
the 2nd
or 3rd
terminal leaf of sugarcane plant.
 It is too hard to check out all the stools to find
stem borer egg mass by mechanical pest
control campaign.
 Consequently, primary infestation occurs to
infest mother plants .

14.  Once Trichogramma was abundant in the sugar cane
field, but due to repeated application of chemical
insecticides ( say, carbofuran ) the population of
Trichogramma has been minimized in the sugarcane
field.
 In the off-season the alternate hosts are also scarce
due to application of foliar spray of chemical
insecticides( say, cypermethrin) .
 So, artificial mass rearing of Trichogramma in
Bangladesh is urgently needed for an innundative
release in the sugarcane field.

15.  IPM-Project, DAE, Khmarbari has already made
with us an MOU for supply of Trichogramma to
release in the vegetable crops in Bangladesh.
 SABL- Safe Agriculture (Bangladesh) Limited is
the only Private Sector Mass Rearing Entity of
Trichogramma Production in Bangladesh.

16.  Most mother plants are infested by primary infestation.
 Millable tillers are frequently damaged while mechanical
control measure needs to be continued.
 Primarily infested tillers can’t grow into millable canes.
 So, the estimated factory supply will not be achieved,
unless preventive measures are taken timely against
primary infestation.
 Only the Trichogramma that can protect the primary
infestation.

17.  Release of Trichogramma is the best solution to
prevent hatching out eggs into larvae that
causes primary infestation in sugarcane stalks.
 Trichogramma parasitizes the egg mass of HSB
to regenerate more Trichogramma wasp in the
sugarcane field.
 Mother plants and most millable canes are
remained safe as the larvae are not supposed
to emerge out to cause primary infestation.

18.  Sugarcane plant may not show any symptom of
dead heart /white heads.
 Borer entrance hole may be seen on the
internodes.
 Farzz may be seen to ooze out off the borer
hole.
 Larvae & pupa may be found inside the
infested internodes.

21. BRACON PARASITIZING A LARVA
BORER HOLE THROUGH WHICH BRACON
ENTERS TO ATTACK LARVAE.

22.  Bracon parasitizes larvae of stem borer.
 The parasitized larvae die within internodes.
 9-10 bracon’s off-springs emerge out per larva.
 More and more bracons regenerate in the
sugarcane field.
 It is easy to release the bracons in sugarcane
field.

23.  Millable canes are infected by secondary
infestation.
 Low recovery rate due to tissue damage.
 Low per acre average cane yield results out of
secondary infestation.
 Both mills and growers have to bear loss in
sugar recovery and cane yield respectively.

24.  Healthy internodes are supposed to be
damaged with infested portions.
 Per acre average cane yield is minimized.
 Growers become discouraged or sometimes
become annoyed to follow mechanical control.
 Hampers on proper Yield Estimation & Factory
Supply.

26. Stages Durations
Egg 7 days.
Larvae 27-40 days.
Pupa 7-14 days.
Moth/Adult 2-5 days.
4-5 generation may be found in a year.

27.  BSRI started research on use of
Trichogramma chilonis since
1984.
The species was imported
from Philipines.
A publication (No-93) was
issued in Dec,2003 that
follows soon.

30. MR.MODHAN MOHAN
BISHWAS.
MRS .MONOWARA BEGUM.
 DR .MD. ARIFUL ALAM
DR. MD. ABDULLAH
MD . ATAUR RAHMAN.

31.  Mobarakgonj Sugar Mills Ltd
 Carew & Co. Ltd
 Faridpur Sugar Mills Ltd.
 Joypurhat Sugar Mills Ltd.
 Rajshahi Sugar Mills Ltd.
 Thakurgaon Sugar Mills Ltd.
And
 Panchagar Sugar Mills Ltd.

32.  Yield may be minimized up to 8.2
to 70.0% by stem borer infestation.
 Sugar recovery may lower up to 3
to 48.6%.
 Effectiveness of Trichogramma use
has been found up to 24.58 to
63.50%.
 3 to 100% plants can be infested
by stem borer.

33.  Stem borer egg mass don’t contain covering.
 So, Trichogramma can parasitize the eggs
easily.
 Releasing should be started by 1st
week of May.
 It should be continued up to September.

34.  Usually 8.00-10.00 am or 4.00-6.00 pm is
most suitable time for release.
 Trichogramma should be carried in a test tube.
 Releasing should be started off the first 2 rows.
 Test tube should be covered by a black cloth.
 The strip can be hanged at the leaf angle for
more release next time.

37.  In August – Sept. the cane height will increase
that may not permit easy entrance.
 Use of test tubes, strips and black cloths may
not be acceptable to cane growers for
transportation/ transit problem.
 So, use of vial is much easier.
 Growers can easily prepare paper chocolate
and use it in the field.

39.  Regular surveys on stem borer incidence in
sugarcane field.
 Trichogramma should be released at the notice
of egg mass on the leaf/ stem borer moth.
 The program should be continued over the
whole season (May –September).

40. Month Week Nos. of strips Nos. of
Trichogramma
May 1st
week
2nd
week
3rd
week
4th
week
50
50
50
50
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
June Do Do Do
July Do Do Do
August Do Do Do
Sept Do Do Do

41.  Adult moths of stem borer can be trapped.
 It minimizes the mating with female.
 The eggs although laid under the leaf may not
produce any larvae due to infertility.
 Larvae should be controlled by bracon.
 Mass trapping is also possible in case of all
ESB,TSB ,RSB & SB ( both auricleous &
Tumidicostalis.)

42. MASS TRAPPING FOR MOTH ADULT MOTH OF LEPIDOPTERA

43. Match the “beneficials.”
Introduce “beneficials” at the
correct time.
Release enough “beneficials”to
establish control.

44. USE OF CONVENTIONAL PESTICIDES. USE OF TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS.
 Needs 75 kg Cidan 4g
per split per hectare 3
times in 3 months.
 Value of insecticide
and labour cost is about
Tk. 25,000-27,000/-
 Effectiveness has been
found up to 40%.
 Insecticide is harmful to
soil microbes and
human health.
 Needs 20 gm of
Trichogramma per
hectare for 5 months.
 Value of Trichogramma
is around Tk.2,500-
Tk.3,000/- only.
 Effectiveness has been
found up to 70%.
 It is easy, beneficial for
both human health and
the soil microbes.

45.  BSRI works for improvement in sugar industry.
 We appreciate their effort for new
recommendations.
 We hope that the new recommendations will
earn benefit for sugar mills.
 They will release trichogramma to increase
both yield and recovery trend.

46.  It is easy to operate.
 It is eco-friendly.
 It is economic.
 It is sustainable.
 It is non-hazardous to soil micro-flora &
micro-fauna.
 It is safe to human health & wild animals.

47. SABL is working to ensure the success of IPM in
Bangladesh
T H A N K I N G Y O