Top borer of sugarcane,life cycle ,damage,all type of control

2. ENT-506
AGRICULTURAL PESTS AND THEIR
MANGEMENT
Agri.

3. Presentation
Title :
Top Borer Of Sugarcane

4. SUBMITTED TO:
DR. MUHAMMAD
ASIF FAROOQ
Submitted By :
Muhammad Ijaz
2017-ag-8900
University of Agriculture ,
Faisalabad ,Burewala -Campus

5. TOP BOREROF
SUGARCANE
Scientific Name:
Scirpophaga nivella
Family:
Pyralidae
Genus – Scirpophaga
Species – nivella
Order:
Lepidoptera

6. Status ,
Distribution:
Status
Most destructive pest of sugarcane.
Distribution:
It is widely distributed in all sugarcane
growing areas of Pakistan and India. It is
also found in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China,
Japan, Philippines, Thailand and Taiwan.
Sugarcane and wild grasses such as
'Sarkanda','Kahi’.

7. LifeCycle
4-5
Nearly 300 or more eggs
are laid in
clustersof 5-102 on the
lower leaf surface.
The clustersare covered
with a brown tuft of hairs
and are quite prominent.

8. Stages of Development
Adult
Larvae

9. Life History
Active period: Pest is active from March to
November.
After hatching ,young larvae bore into the mid-
rib of a leaf, mining their way to the base. From
their, they enter the spindle, feeding on the
growing point and Soft portion of the cane. They
mature in 4-5 weeks after passing through 5
stages.
Inactive period: The full-fed larva of the last
generation does not pupate but hibernatesas a
larvain the top portion of the attacked sugarcane
plants. Full-fed larva constructsa chamber with
an emergence hole in the rind just above anode. It
pupates inside the chamber.
Period of optimum damage : April to July

10. Marks of
Identification:
The moth is silvery and creamy white in color. In case of
females the anal end is deep red in color and is covered by an
orange colored tuft of hairs. In the males, the first pair of
wings has a single black spot on each wing. Fully formed
caterpillars measures about 1.5 inches in length and are
yellowish white in color

11. Nature of Damage
 As the name indicates the attack of this pest is mainly confined to
the top portion of the shoot.
 Harm to the plant is caused mainly by the caterpillars. The
growing point of the plant is seriously damaged due to boring and
feeding by the caterpillars.
 The shoots attacked by first two broods (April-June)are killed.
The young attacked plants show characteristic reddish streaks on
the midribs and also a number of short holes in the leaves
ultimately causing dead hearts.
 Dead Heart: As a result, the central whorl of unfurled leave dries
up forming a characteristic “Dead heart”.
 Bunchy Top The destruction to the growing point results in
abnormal activation of the side buds just below the growing point
leading to the formation of bunchy top.
 Generally, the newly hatched caterpillars penetrates into the mid
rib from the underside of the leaf and bores downward towards
the main stem or axil, After reaching the axil of the leaf, the larva
comes out of the mid rib and bites into the whorl of newly
emerged leaves forming the spindle. The characteristic effect of
this action is series of shot holes of leaves. Now the larva enters
into the spindle and moves down towards the growing point
destroying the tender top portion of the plant.

12. Nature of Damage
 Third brood (July) remain stunted in growth and there is
generally decrease of 14-15% in weight of such canes.
 Fourth brood (August) grow slowly. Damage by 3rd and 4th
broods may reduce weight by more than 25%:
 By the time Fifth brood appears in September, the canes
have almost attained their normal height. The height of
attacked cane is only 1-2% less than that of healthy cane.
 The quality and quantity of juice is also affected adversely
by this pest besides loss in weight of sugarcane.
 Formation of a small, slender, reddish brown dead heart.
 Top Borer : punctures on the leaves, death of the central
shoot and formation of bunchy top.
 Destruction caused due this : About 20-40%

13. Damage

14. Damage
Bunchy Top

15. Control
• Cultural Methods
• Biological Methods
• MechanicalMethods
• Chemical Methods

16. Cultural
Methods
• 1. Harvesting should be done by the
middle of February i.e., before the
emergence of moth after hibernation.
• 2. The stumps should be dug out of the
soil and destroyed.

17. Cultural Methods

18. Mechanical
Method
1. The pest can be controlled by regular
collection and destruction of the eggs.
This also reduces the density of the pest
population.
• 2. The characteristic dead heart and
bunchy top should be removed from
the crop and destroyed.
• 3. The light traps may be used to
attract the moth, which are later on
killed

19. Mechanical Methods

20. Biological
Method
Tetrastichus spp, Telenomus spp &
Trichogramma spp parasitises the eggs
of this pest.
Whereas Goniozus indicus, Chelonus
spp, Rhaconotus spp parasitizes the
caterpillars .
Ischnojoppo luteatur, Isotima
dammermani & Xanthopimpla spp are
the hyperparasites of the pupal stage of
this parasite.

21. Chemical
Method
 1. Spraying the crop with Endrin or Endosulfan (0.1%
emulsion) at time of egg laying of the third generation
(June-July) proves helpful in checking serious destruction
by this pest. If the weather condition permit this
treatment may be repeated against the fourth generation
also (August- September)
 2. Dusting the infected crop with Endrin or Endosulfan
 3. Application of Carbofuran or Phorate granules in the
soil @ 20 kg/ha also proved effective in controlling this
pest or carbofuran (Furadan/ Sunfuran/ Curaterr 3G),
10-15 kg/acre.
 Diazinon (Basudin lOG), 10 kg/acre.
 Cartap (Padan 4G), 13-15 kg/acre
NOTE:
1.Granules should be applied at the base of the shoots in the
last week of
June or first week of July if its attack is more than 5%.
2.Before irrigation slight earthing up can check flowing of
granules with
irrigation water.