1. 1
LANGUAGE PRACTICE 1
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Simple present tense
(+) S + V (s, es) + O S + am/ is/ are + O
Example:
The heart and blood vessels comprise the circulatory system.
S V O
PASSIVE VOICE
S + BE + V3/Ved
Examples:
1. Cells produce proteins, which ARE used by the body for a variety of other tasks.
2. Proteins ARE made up of simpler chemicals called amino acids.
3. DNA IS located in the nucleus of the cell.
4. In a gene, the bases ARE arranged in a sequence that acts as a code for a particular
body protein.
5. Hair IS made from keratin similar to the keratin found in the layers of the epidermis.
6. DNA WAS first isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869.
7. DNA IS used by researchers as a molecular tool to explore physical laws and
theories.
8. The part of the nail which CAN BE seen is dead.
9. Scabies MAY BE transmitted from objects but IS most often spread by direct skin-
to-skin contact.
10. Scabies CAN BE effectively treated with a number of medications.
IRREGULAR VERBS REGULAR VERBS
1. Be
2. Make
3. See
4. Spread
1. Use
2. Locate
3. Arrange
4. Isolate
2. 2
5. Take
6. Find
7. Know
8. Give
5. Transmit
6. Treat
7. Form
8. Comprise
9. Secrete
10. Call
11. Produce
12. Form
13. Evaporate
14. Associate
I. Put the verbs in the correct form.
1. Women’s egg cells ______________ some of the biggest human cells. (BE)
2. Proteins ______________ made up of simpler chemicals called amino acids. (BE)
3. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) ______________ located in the nucleus of the cell. (BE)
4. The lungs ______________ another organ as are the liver and kidneys. (BE)
5. A homeostatic reaction ______________ called a reflex. (BE)
6. Amounts of hormones and nutrients in the body ______________ also kept constant
by negative feedback. (BE)
7. Nerve cells ______________ messages around the brain to other parts of the body.
(CARRY)
8. Muscle cells ______________ muscle tissue. (COMPRISE)
9. Negative feedback ______________ information that something is not right.
(PROVIDE)
10. Homeostasis ______________ usually maintained by negative feedback. (BE)
II. CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION.
1. The integumentary system __________ accessory structures such as blood
vessels, nerves, nails, hair, oil glands and sweat glands.
A. is contained B. contains
2. The term ‘epidermis’ __________ from Ancient Greek.
A. is taken B. takes
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3. The epidermis is __________ of many layers of flattened cells that __________ a
tissue called epithelial tissue.
A. comprises/ is formed B. comprised/ form
4. Two important molecules are __________ in epithelial tissue: keratin and melanin.
A. finding B. found
5. Keratin __________ a molecule that is __________ in the top layers of the
epidermis.
A. is/ found B. are / find
6. The upper layers of the epidermis __________ of dead cells that contain keratin.
A. is comprised B. are comprised
7. Melanin molecules are also __________ in the epidermis.
A. locate B. located
8. Melanin __________ in both living and dead cells in the epidermis.
A. found B. is found
9. Resident bacteria __________ molecules that poison invading bacteria.
A. secrete B. secretes
10. The hardening of the skin __________ what is commonly __________ a callus.
A. produces/ called B. produce/ called
III. Find the mistake in each sentence.
1. Genes provide information that tells a cell how to perform a specific task such as
separating a sugar or store fat.
2. Most of the cells in the body contains a copy of a person’s complete set of genes.
3. The human body contains over 200 kinds of cells, include muscle cells, blood cells,
nerve cells, liver cells and skin cells.
4. When a cell need to make a protein, it finds the right gene and reads the code.
5. Tissues are a collection of cells that are specialized in perform a particular function.
6. The epidermis also have a group of resident bacteria living on its surface.
7. The function of melanin are to give colour to an individual’s skin and to protect it from
the sun.
8. People with darker skin has more melanin in their skin than those with lighter skin.
9. Resident bacteria secretes molecules that poison invading bacteria.
10. Keratin make the skin tough and waterproof so it prevents water from
entering the body through the skin.
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11. Collagen fibres give the skin strength, makes it flexible and retain water to moisturize
it.
12. At the bottom of each nail, under the skin, is the nail root where layers of keratin is
formed and pushed out towards the fingertips.
13. The skin is the heaviest body organ and contain various accessory structures.
14. Nails is extensions of the epidermis, which contain large quantities of hard keratin.
15. Hair, which is also make of keratin, covers the majority of the surface area of the
body.
16. The dermis is the second region of the integument that lies beneath the epidermis
and are thicker.
17. The hypodermis is located below the dermis and mainly consists of fat. This fat known
as adipose tissue.
18. Sweat glands are coiled tubes that are find in the dermis region of skin.
19. When the water in sweat evaporate on the skin, it helps the body to cool down.
20. Pruritus, which is commonly know as itching, is associated with most forms of
dermatitis.
IV. Use the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the following
sentences.
1. All cells have a __________ control unit, or nucleus. They also contain a
__________ of small parts called organelles. (CENTRE / VARIOUS)
2. The mouth, stomach and intestines are part of the __________ system. (DIGEST)
3. These tissues join together to carry out the function of __________ blood. (PUMP)
4. Each cell contains forty-six __________ strands, or twenty-three pairs, of DNA. Each
of these strands is called a chromosome. (LENGTH)
5. The heart is an organ comprised of muscle tissue, __________ tissue, blood tissue
and __________ tissue. (CONNECTION / EPITHELIUM)
6. The __________ system also contains accessory structures such as blood vessels,
nerves, nails, hair, oil glands and sweat glands. (INTEGUMENT)
7. These bacteria are __________ in that they provide __________ by combating the
bad bacteria and viruses which try to invade the body. (HELP/ PROTECT)
8. The upper layers of the epidermis are comprised of __________ cells that
contain keratin. (DEATH)
9. The epidermis is comprised of many layers of __________ cells that form a tissue
called __________ tissue. (FLATTEN / EPITHELIUM)
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10. Collagen fibres give the skin __________, make it flexible and
retain water to __________ it, elastin fibres allow the skin to stretch and reticular
fibres act like a net to hold __________ tissue together. (STRONG / MOISTURE /
CONNECT)
11. The ____________ tissue within the dermis contains cells and three kinds of protein
fibres, each of which has a unique purpose. ( CONNECT)
12. If a particular area of the skin suffers from constant friction, it can cause that area of
the epidermis to ____________ over time and become hard. (THICK)
13. The skin has several functions, which include providing ____________ for underlying
tissues and organs, regulating body temperature and manufacturing vitamin D.
(PROTECT)
14. The function of sweat glands is to regulate body temperature by ____________ water.
(EXCRETE)
15. Melanocytes secrete a variety of signaling molecules in ____________ to ultraviolet
radiation that act to modulate the immune response in the skin. (RESPOND)
V. FILL EACH BLANK WITH AN APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION.
1. The colour and texture of the hair are dependent ________ the melanin cells
surrounding the hair shaft and the shape of the hair follicle.
2. Another function of sweat glands is to rid the body ________ some waste molecules.
3. When the bacteria ________ the surface of a person's skin interact ________ these
molecules, a person can smell bad.
4. The integument is the outer covering ________ the body, which holds all of the parts
of the body inside and prevents unwanted things ________ entering the body from
outside.
5. Keratin makes the skin tough and waterproof so it prevents water ________ entering
the body ________ the skin.
6. The function of melanin is to give colour ________ an individual’s skin and to protect
it ________ the sun.
7. The purpose ________ the adipose tissue is to protect the organs and to provide
insulation to stop the body ________ getting cold.
8. Nails feel a great deal harder than skin because they contain large amounts
________ a special kind ________ keratin called hard keratin.
