b. Preformed a liquid-liquid extraction with a ba.pdf
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b. Preformed a liquid-liquid extraction with a base. Solution b. Preformed a liquid-liquid extraction with a base..
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We first see what is the Small Intestine – It connects the stomach a.pdf
We first see what is the Small Intestine – It connects the stomach and the large intestine. It is
called as Small because it is smaller than Large Intestine. It is divided into three sections
(duodenum, jejunum & ileum).
Three parts are as follows:
The three sections of the small intestine look similar to each other at a microscopic level, but
there are some important differences in terms of structures. The jejunum and ileum do not have
Brunner\'s glands in the submucosa, while the ileum has Peyer\'s patches in the mucosa, but the
duodenum and jejunum do not.
Now we will see the structure in detail: The small intestine has four tissue layers as follows
Brunner\'s Glands
Brunner\'s glands (or duodenal glands) are compound tubular sub-mucosal glands found in the
duodenum. The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich, alkaline secretion
(containing bicarbonate) in order to neutralize the acidic content of chyme that is introduced into
the duodenum from the stomach, and to provide an alkaline condition for optimal intestinal
enzyme activity, thus enabling absorption to take place and lubricate the intestinal walls.
Peyer\'s Patches
Peyer\'s patches are organized lymph nodules. They are aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are
found in the lowest portion of the small intestine, which differentiate the ileum from the
duodenum and jejunum.
Because the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is exposed to the external environment, much of it
is populated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Peyer\'s patches function as the
immune surveillance system of the intestinal lumen and facilitate the generation of the immune
response within the mucosa.
Intestinal Villi
Intestinal villi (singular: villus) are tiny, finger-like projections that protrude from the epithelial
lining of the mucosa. Each villus is approximately 0.5–1.6 mm in length and has many microvilli
(singular: microvillus), each of which are much smaller than a single villus.
Explain how structure of the intestinal lining enhances surface area.
Now we will see how this Villi are important for enhancing the surface area in details. Villi
increase the internal surface area of the intestinal walls. This increased surface area allows for
more intestinal wall area to be available for absorption. An increased absorptive area is useful
because digested nutrients (including sugars and amino acids) pass into the villi, which is semi-
permeable, through diffusion, which is effective only at short distances.
Microvilli are microscopic extensions of the outer surface of the absorptive cells that line each
villus. Because of their brush like appearance (microscopically), the microvilli facing the lumen
form the brush border of the small intestine. Like the villi; the microvilli increase the surface
area over which digestion and absorption take place.
In other words, the increased surface area (in contact with the fluid in the lumen) decreases the
average distance traveled by the nutrient.
Water needs to be present. The 2 compounds will only react after.pdf
Water needs to be present.
The 2 compounds will only react after they have been dissolved and ionized in water:
2 Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Na2CO3(aq) => Al2(CO3)3(s) + 6 NaNO3(aq)
Solution
Water needs to be present.
The 2 compounds will only react after they have been dissolved and ionized in water:
2 Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Na2CO3(aq) => Al2(CO3)3(s) + 6 NaNO3(aq).
True.SolutionTrue..pdf
This very short document contains only one-word statements and does not provide enough context or details to generate a multi-sentence summary. It states "True." three times but does not specify what claim or proposition is being affirmed.
1) option d is the answer, i.e. 11Solution1) option d is the a.pdf
This 1 sentence document states that option D is the answer to some question, and that the numerical answer is 11.
The same Mechanisms of genetic exchange in bacteria 1. Conjugation .pdf
The same Mechanisms of genetic exchange in bacteria: 1. Conjugation 2. mechanisms occur in
archae also, though they are poorly studied.
Conjugation: The exchange or transfer of genetic material occurs from one bacterium (the donor)
to the other (the recipient) through the formation of physical contact called conjugation bridge.
Bacteria have appendages called fimbriae which form physical contact with other cells.
The donor bacteria replicates Transformation 3. Transduction
its genome, and one copy of part of the genome is transferred to the recipient through the
conjugation bridge. Depending on the type of transfer, the conjugation may be either F’ or Hfr
conjugation.
Transformation: The ability of bact. Bacteria vary in their ability to get transformed. There are
special channels in the cell membranes of bacteria to take up exogenous DNA. During this
process, one of the strands is hydrolyzed and the energy obtained is used to translocate the other
fragment of DNA eria to take up fragments of exogenous genetic material from their surrounding
solution is called transformation. The ability to get transformed is called competence. Therefore,
transformation generally occurs with double stranded DNA only. Competence can be artificially
induced in cells by cold shock or calcium chloride treatment.
Transduction: The transfer of fragments of genetic material from one bacteria cell to another
mediated by a bacteriophage is called transduction. Lysogenic phages often carry along with
them pieces of bacterial DNA also. Since phage heads can pack some what more genome than its
own, the bacteria DNA is carried by them. When they infect a new host and integrate their
genome during another cycle of lysogeny, the host now becomes partial diploid for the genes.
During excision and lytic phase, the bacterial genes may remain in the second host due to precise
excision of the virus genome. Depending on the type of genes carried and success of
transduction, it is classified as generalized transduction and specialized transduction.
Solution
The same Mechanisms of genetic exchange in bacteria: 1. Conjugation 2. mechanisms occur in
archae also, though they are poorly studied.
Conjugation: The exchange or transfer of genetic material occurs from one bacterium (the donor)
to the other (the recipient) through the formation of physical contact called conjugation bridge.
Bacteria have appendages called fimbriae which form physical contact with other cells.
The donor bacteria replicates Transformation 3. Transduction
its genome, and one copy of part of the genome is transferred to the recipient through the
conjugation bridge. Depending on the type of transfer, the conjugation may be either F’ or Hfr
conjugation.
Transformation: The ability of bact. Bacteria vary in their ability to get transformed. There are
special channels in the cell membranes of bacteria to take up exogenous DNA. During this
process, one of the strands is hydrolyzed and the energy obtained is used to .
The answer is b) facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membrane.pdf
The answer is: b) facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membranes
Lung surfactant facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membranes.
Solution
The answer is: b) facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membranes
Lung surfactant facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membranes..
The cam material will be UHMW polyethylene because it had the lost c.pdf
The cam material will be UHMW polyethylene because it had the lost cost of the materials
meeting the mechanical property requirements of the design. For a 12”x12”x0.5” sheet of
material the UHMW was $14.47 compared to $389.56 for the FEP and $193.55 for the PTFE.
The offset m and the lift were chosen to be their minimum allowable values of 6 inches and 30o
respectively because it was found that large values of these parameters introduced undercutting
of the cam profile. This negatively affected the cam design because the ideal lift chosen by the
team of 45o was not achieved. The offset f was chosen to be 2 7/64 inches because it was the
minimum value found to prevent undercutting of the cam profile in conjunction with the other
parameters.
The cam profile was finalized through the choice of the rise and return zones. A symmetric rise
and return was chosen to provide a smooth profile, and a value of 155 o was chosen because, as
with f, it was the minimum parameter value that prevented undercutting of the cam profile.
MATLAB Code
%Trade Study - Vertical Motion Control%
clear all
close all
%inputs%
Bri = 155*(pi/180); %rise - radians%
Btd = 0*(pi/180); %top dwell - radians%
Bre = 155*(pi/180); %return - radians%
Bbd = 50*(pi/180); %bottom dwell - radians%
L = 25*(pi/180); %lift - radians%
yo = 5*(pi/180); %min follower position - radians%
f = 2 + 7/64; %follower offset - inches%
m = 6; %center offset - inches%
Rb = m*sin(yo) + f; %radius of base circle - inches%
%variables%
phi = 0;
phi0 = Bri + Btd;
phi1 = 2*pi - Bbd;
%data storage arrays%
phiarr = [];
yarr = [];
Rarr = [];
Angarr = [];
Rxarr = [];
Ryarr = [];
Darr = [];
while phi <= 2*pi
if phi < Bri %rise%
y = (L/Bri).*phi - (L/(2*pi)).*sin(((2*pi)/Bri).*phi); %follower disp%
dy = (L/Bri).*(1-cos(((2*pi)/Bri).*phi)); %dy/dphi%
D = y + yo; %follower position%
a = (m.*dy)./(1 - dy); %distance%
h = m.*sin(D) + f; %distance%
b = a.*cos(D); %distance%
psi = pi/2 - D; %angle%
theta = atan(b./h); %angle%
R = h./cos(theta); %R - magnitude of polar coord vector, cam profile%
Ang = phi + psi + theta; %angle of polar coord vector, cam profile%
Rx = R.*cos(Ang); %x coord of cam profile%
Ry = R.*sin(Ang); %y coord of cam profile%
phiarr = [phiarr phi];
yarr = [yarr y];
Rarr = [Rarr R];
Angarr = [Angarr Ang];
Rxarr = [Rxarr Rx];
Ryarr = [Ryarr Ry];
Darr = [Darr D];
phi = phi + pi/360;
end
if phi >= Bri & phi < phi0 %top dwell%
y = L;
dy = 0;
D = y + yo;
a = (m.*dy)./(1 - dy);
h = m.*sin(D) + f;
b = a.*cos(D);
psi = pi/2 - D;
theta = atan(b./h);
R = h./cos(theta);
Ang = phi + psi + theta;
Rx = R.*cos(Ang);
Ry = R.*sin(Ang);
phiarr = [phiarr phi];
yarr = [yarr y];
Rarr = [Rarr R];
Rxarr = [Rxarr Rx];
Ryarr = [Ryarr Ry];
Angarr = [Angarr Ang];
Darr = [Darr D];
phi = phi + pi/360;
end
if phi >= phi0 & phi < phi1 %return%
y = L - (L/Bre).*(phi - phi0) + (L/(2*pi)).*sin(((2*pi)/Bre).*(phi - phi0));
dy = (L/Bre).*(cos(((2*pi)/Bre).*(phi - phi0)) - 1);
D = y + yo;
a = (m.*dy)./(1 - dy);
h = m.*sin(D) + f;
b = a.*c.
Recommended
We first see what is the Small Intestine – It connects the stomach a.pdf
We first see what is the Small Intestine – It connects the stomach and the large intestine. It is
called as Small because it is smaller than Large Intestine. It is divided into three sections
(duodenum, jejunum & ileum).
Three parts are as follows:
The three sections of the small intestine look similar to each other at a microscopic level, but
there are some important differences in terms of structures. The jejunum and ileum do not have
Brunner\'s glands in the submucosa, while the ileum has Peyer\'s patches in the mucosa, but the
duodenum and jejunum do not.
Now we will see the structure in detail: The small intestine has four tissue layers as follows
Brunner\'s Glands
Brunner\'s glands (or duodenal glands) are compound tubular sub-mucosal glands found in the
duodenum. The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich, alkaline secretion
(containing bicarbonate) in order to neutralize the acidic content of chyme that is introduced into
the duodenum from the stomach, and to provide an alkaline condition for optimal intestinal
enzyme activity, thus enabling absorption to take place and lubricate the intestinal walls.
Peyer\'s Patches
Peyer\'s patches are organized lymph nodules. They are aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are
found in the lowest portion of the small intestine, which differentiate the ileum from the
duodenum and jejunum.
Because the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is exposed to the external environment, much of it
is populated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Peyer\'s patches function as the
immune surveillance system of the intestinal lumen and facilitate the generation of the immune
response within the mucosa.
Intestinal Villi
Intestinal villi (singular: villus) are tiny, finger-like projections that protrude from the epithelial
lining of the mucosa. Each villus is approximately 0.5–1.6 mm in length and has many microvilli
(singular: microvillus), each of which are much smaller than a single villus.
Explain how structure of the intestinal lining enhances surface area.
Now we will see how this Villi are important for enhancing the surface area in details. Villi
increase the internal surface area of the intestinal walls. This increased surface area allows for
more intestinal wall area to be available for absorption. An increased absorptive area is useful
because digested nutrients (including sugars and amino acids) pass into the villi, which is semi-
permeable, through diffusion, which is effective only at short distances.
Microvilli are microscopic extensions of the outer surface of the absorptive cells that line each
villus. Because of their brush like appearance (microscopically), the microvilli facing the lumen
form the brush border of the small intestine. Like the villi; the microvilli increase the surface
area over which digestion and absorption take place.
In other words, the increased surface area (in contact with the fluid in the lumen) decreases the
average distance traveled by the nutrient.
Water needs to be present. The 2 compounds will only react after.pdf
Water needs to be present.
The 2 compounds will only react after they have been dissolved and ionized in water:
2 Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Na2CO3(aq) => Al2(CO3)3(s) + 6 NaNO3(aq)
Solution
Water needs to be present.
The 2 compounds will only react after they have been dissolved and ionized in water:
2 Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Na2CO3(aq) => Al2(CO3)3(s) + 6 NaNO3(aq).
True.SolutionTrue..pdf
This very short document contains only one-word statements and does not provide enough context or details to generate a multi-sentence summary. It states "True." three times but does not specify what claim or proposition is being affirmed.
1) option d is the answer, i.e. 11Solution1) option d is the a.pdf
This 1 sentence document states that option D is the answer to some question, and that the numerical answer is 11.
The same Mechanisms of genetic exchange in bacteria 1. Conjugation .pdf
The same Mechanisms of genetic exchange in bacteria: 1. Conjugation 2. mechanisms occur in
archae also, though they are poorly studied.
Conjugation: The exchange or transfer of genetic material occurs from one bacterium (the donor)
to the other (the recipient) through the formation of physical contact called conjugation bridge.
Bacteria have appendages called fimbriae which form physical contact with other cells.
The donor bacteria replicates Transformation 3. Transduction
its genome, and one copy of part of the genome is transferred to the recipient through the
conjugation bridge. Depending on the type of transfer, the conjugation may be either F’ or Hfr
conjugation.
Transformation: The ability of bact. Bacteria vary in their ability to get transformed. There are
special channels in the cell membranes of bacteria to take up exogenous DNA. During this
process, one of the strands is hydrolyzed and the energy obtained is used to translocate the other
fragment of DNA eria to take up fragments of exogenous genetic material from their surrounding
solution is called transformation. The ability to get transformed is called competence. Therefore,
transformation generally occurs with double stranded DNA only. Competence can be artificially
induced in cells by cold shock or calcium chloride treatment.
Transduction: The transfer of fragments of genetic material from one bacteria cell to another
mediated by a bacteriophage is called transduction. Lysogenic phages often carry along with
them pieces of bacterial DNA also. Since phage heads can pack some what more genome than its
own, the bacteria DNA is carried by them. When they infect a new host and integrate their
genome during another cycle of lysogeny, the host now becomes partial diploid for the genes.
During excision and lytic phase, the bacterial genes may remain in the second host due to precise
excision of the virus genome. Depending on the type of genes carried and success of
transduction, it is classified as generalized transduction and specialized transduction.
Solution
The same Mechanisms of genetic exchange in bacteria: 1. Conjugation 2. mechanisms occur in
archae also, though they are poorly studied.
Conjugation: The exchange or transfer of genetic material occurs from one bacterium (the donor)
to the other (the recipient) through the formation of physical contact called conjugation bridge.
Bacteria have appendages called fimbriae which form physical contact with other cells.
The donor bacteria replicates Transformation 3. Transduction
its genome, and one copy of part of the genome is transferred to the recipient through the
conjugation bridge. Depending on the type of transfer, the conjugation may be either F’ or Hfr
conjugation.
Transformation: The ability of bact. Bacteria vary in their ability to get transformed. There are
special channels in the cell membranes of bacteria to take up exogenous DNA. During this
process, one of the strands is hydrolyzed and the energy obtained is used to .
The answer is b) facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membrane.pdf
The answer is: b) facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membranes
Lung surfactant facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membranes.
Solution
The answer is: b) facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membranes
Lung surfactant facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membranes..
The cam material will be UHMW polyethylene because it had the lost c.pdf
The cam material will be UHMW polyethylene because it had the lost cost of the materials
meeting the mechanical property requirements of the design. For a 12”x12”x0.5” sheet of
material the UHMW was $14.47 compared to $389.56 for the FEP and $193.55 for the PTFE.
The offset m and the lift were chosen to be their minimum allowable values of 6 inches and 30o
respectively because it was found that large values of these parameters introduced undercutting
of the cam profile. This negatively affected the cam design because the ideal lift chosen by the
team of 45o was not achieved. The offset f was chosen to be 2 7/64 inches because it was the
minimum value found to prevent undercutting of the cam profile in conjunction with the other
parameters.
The cam profile was finalized through the choice of the rise and return zones. A symmetric rise
and return was chosen to provide a smooth profile, and a value of 155 o was chosen because, as
with f, it was the minimum parameter value that prevented undercutting of the cam profile.
MATLAB Code
%Trade Study - Vertical Motion Control%
clear all
close all
%inputs%
Bri = 155*(pi/180); %rise - radians%
Btd = 0*(pi/180); %top dwell - radians%
Bre = 155*(pi/180); %return - radians%
Bbd = 50*(pi/180); %bottom dwell - radians%
L = 25*(pi/180); %lift - radians%
yo = 5*(pi/180); %min follower position - radians%
f = 2 + 7/64; %follower offset - inches%
m = 6; %center offset - inches%
Rb = m*sin(yo) + f; %radius of base circle - inches%
%variables%
phi = 0;
phi0 = Bri + Btd;
phi1 = 2*pi - Bbd;
%data storage arrays%
phiarr = [];
yarr = [];
Rarr = [];
Angarr = [];
Rxarr = [];
Ryarr = [];
Darr = [];
while phi <= 2*pi
if phi < Bri %rise%
y = (L/Bri).*phi - (L/(2*pi)).*sin(((2*pi)/Bri).*phi); %follower disp%
dy = (L/Bri).*(1-cos(((2*pi)/Bri).*phi)); %dy/dphi%
D = y + yo; %follower position%
a = (m.*dy)./(1 - dy); %distance%
h = m.*sin(D) + f; %distance%
b = a.*cos(D); %distance%
psi = pi/2 - D; %angle%
theta = atan(b./h); %angle%
R = h./cos(theta); %R - magnitude of polar coord vector, cam profile%
Ang = phi + psi + theta; %angle of polar coord vector, cam profile%
Rx = R.*cos(Ang); %x coord of cam profile%
Ry = R.*sin(Ang); %y coord of cam profile%
phiarr = [phiarr phi];
yarr = [yarr y];
Rarr = [Rarr R];
Angarr = [Angarr Ang];
Rxarr = [Rxarr Rx];
Ryarr = [Ryarr Ry];
Darr = [Darr D];
phi = phi + pi/360;
end
if phi >= Bri & phi < phi0 %top dwell%
y = L;
dy = 0;
D = y + yo;
a = (m.*dy)./(1 - dy);
h = m.*sin(D) + f;
b = a.*cos(D);
psi = pi/2 - D;
theta = atan(b./h);
R = h./cos(theta);
Ang = phi + psi + theta;
Rx = R.*cos(Ang);
Ry = R.*sin(Ang);
phiarr = [phiarr phi];
yarr = [yarr y];
Rarr = [Rarr R];
Rxarr = [Rxarr Rx];
Ryarr = [Ryarr Ry];
Angarr = [Angarr Ang];
Darr = [Darr D];
phi = phi + pi/360;
end
if phi >= phi0 & phi < phi1 %return%
y = L - (L/Bre).*(phi - phi0) + (L/(2*pi)).*sin(((2*pi)/Bre).*(phi - phi0));
dy = (L/Bre).*(cos(((2*pi)/Bre).*(phi - phi0)) - 1);
D = y + yo;
a = (m.*dy)./(1 - dy);
h = m.*sin(D) + f;
b = a.*c.
Ques-1 antinormative collective pro-social behaviorReasonOnlin.pdf
Ques-1: antinormative collective pro-social behavior
Reason:
Online communities offer many individuals to adopt different disguises, thus concealing their
identities and enabling them to be more mean or callous. This type of antinormative pro-social
behavior is contributed to deindividuation. This deindiviualization is mainly due to loss of social
awareness with different attitude compared to normal social behavior.
In contrast, if the stereotypes are inaccurate (because they are developed based on first
experiences) they create more problems rather than benefits. These opinions need to be filtered
through the view of situations or person that are responsible for creating that stereotype.
Ques-2: answer: B. inclinations to act.
Reason:
Attitude is associated with meticulously cognitive, affective, and behavioral tendencies
according to empirical research that support apparent differences between thoughts & emotions
but failed to act inclinations to explain attitudes consistently
Stereotypes are our opinions about the people who does not belong to our community. Actually
all our opinions are impressions of their behavior what we observe directly or what we hear by
means of another person. Behavior reflects their attitude, the way they live, their culture and
values. Therefore, we can evaluate the people who differ from us. It is very helpful for a tourist
visiting a foreign country because it allows having guesses regarding their culture so that we can
respond and behave accordingly. By having the basic ideas about the society that we are going to
visit allows us to better predict and interpret the behaviors that we are going to experience, so
that we can acclimatize ourselves to the new society.
Solution
Ques-1: antinormative collective pro-social behavior
Reason:
Online communities offer many individuals to adopt different disguises, thus concealing their
identities and enabling them to be more mean or callous. This type of antinormative pro-social
behavior is contributed to deindividuation. This deindiviualization is mainly due to loss of social
awareness with different attitude compared to normal social behavior.
In contrast, if the stereotypes are inaccurate (because they are developed based on first
experiences) they create more problems rather than benefits. These opinions need to be filtered
through the view of situations or person that are responsible for creating that stereotype.
Ques-2: answer: B. inclinations to act.
Reason:
Attitude is associated with meticulously cognitive, affective, and behavioral tendencies
according to empirical research that support apparent differences between thoughts & emotions
but failed to act inclinations to explain attitudes consistently
Stereotypes are our opinions about the people who does not belong to our community. Actually
all our opinions are impressions of their behavior what we observe directly or what we hear by
means of another person. Behavior reflects their attitude, the way they live, th.
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the.pdf
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.
Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point,
density, solubility, polarity, and many others.
The three states of matter are: solid, liquid, and gas. The melting point and boiling point are
related to changes of the state of matter.
An object or substance can be measured or perceived without changing its identity. Physical
properties can be intensive or extensive. An intensive property does not depend on the size or
amount of matter in the object, while an extensive property does. In addition to extensiveness,
properties can also be either isotropic if their values do not depend on the direction of
observation or anisotropic otherwise. Physical properties are referred to as observables. They are
not modal properties.
Solution
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.
Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point,
density, solubility, polarity, and many others.
The three states of matter are: solid, liquid, and gas. The melting point and boiling point are
related to changes of the state of matter.
An object or substance can be measured or perceived without changing its identity. Physical
properties can be intensive or extensive. An intensive property does not depend on the size or
amount of matter in the object, while an extensive property does. In addition to extensiveness,
properties can also be either isotropic if their values do not depend on the direction of
observation or anisotropic otherwise. Physical properties are referred to as observables. They are
not modal properties..
(E) a+ and b+ are more closely linked than a+ and c+. If two gen.pdf
(E) a+ and b+ are more closely linked than a+ and c+.
If two genes are present on the same chromosome, they are less likely to undergo recombination.
If they are very closely located, they do not undergo recombination and that pair of genes occur
more frequently.
Solution
(E) a+ and b+ are more closely linked than a+ and c+.
If two genes are present on the same chromosome, they are less likely to undergo recombination.
If they are very closely located, they do not undergo recombination and that pair of genes occur
more frequently..
Please follow the data and description 1) An association indicate.pdf
Please follow the data and description :
1) An association indicates that the destination address is for a networking device connected to
one of the ports on the bridge.
So the answer is OPTION B (Indicates that the destination address is for a networking device
connected to one of the ports on the bridge).
2)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
3) The acronym TCP/IP stands for Transmission Controller Protocol / Internet Protocol is a true
statement.
So the answer is OPTION A (True).
4)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
5)
Aging Time :
It is the length of time a MAC address remains assigned to a port. The assignment of the MAC
address will be removed if there is no data activity within this time. If the computer with the
assigned MAC address initiates new data activity, the aging time counter is restarted, and the
MAC address remains assigned to the port.
So the answer is OPTION D (Aging Time).
6)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
7)
ping command :
This is generally used as a network commands that allows you to ping another network IP
address. Pinging another address helps determine if the network card can communicate within
the local network or outside network.
So the answer is OPTIONS (A,B,D).
8)
Private networks can use IP addresses anywhere in the following ranges: 192.168.0.0 -
192.168.255.255 (65,536 IP addresses) 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (1,048,576 IP addresses)
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (16,777,216 IP addresses).
A routable IP address is one that can be reached (or routed) by anyone on the internet.
So the answer is OPTIONS (C,D).
9)
The use of STP cable includes the resitance to interference, speed, data security, protection from
crosstalk.
So the answer is OPTION E (None of the Above).
10)
Transport Layer :
The layer in the open system interconnection (OSI) model responsible for end-to-end
communication over a network. It provides logical communication between application
processes running on different hosts within a layered architecture of protocols and other network
components.
So the answer is OPTION A (Transport Layer).
Hope this is helpful.
Solution
Please follow the data and description :
1) An association indicates that the destination address is for a networking device connected to
one of the ports on the bridge.
So the answer is OPTION B (Indicates that the destination address is for a networking device
connected to one of the ports on the bridge).
2)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
3) The acronym TCP/IP stands for Transmission Controller Protocol / Internet Protocol is a true
statement.
So the answer is OPTION A (True).
4)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
5)
Aging Time :
It is the length of time a MAC address remains assigned to a port. The assignment of the MAC
address will be removed if there is no data activity within this time. If the computer.
package chapter15;import javafx.application.Application;import j.pdf
package chapter15;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.scene.shape.Line;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.scene.text.TextAlignment;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
/**
* Java Programming: Comprehensive (10e); Liang; Pearson 2014
*
* *15.21(Drag points) Draw a circle with three random points on the circle. Connect
* the points to form a triangle. Display the angles in the triangle. Use the mouse
* to drag a point along the perimeter of the circle. As you drag it, the triangle and
* angles are redisplayed dynamically, as shown in Figure 15.30b. For computing
* angles in a triangle, see Listing 4.1.
*
* {@code A = Math.acos((a * a - b * b - c * c) / (-2 * b * c))}
* {@code B = Math.acos((b * b - a * a - c * c) / (-2 * a * c))}
* {@code C = Math.acos((c * c - b * b - a * a) / (-2 * a * b))}
*
* @author ncoop
*/
@SuppressWarnings(\"WeakerAccess\")
public class DragPoints extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
final PointPane pane = new PointPane(640, 480);
pane.setStyle(\"-fx-background-color: wheat;\");
Label label = new Label(\"Click and drag the points.\");
BorderPane borderPane = new BorderPane(pane);
BorderPane.setAlignment(label, Pos.CENTER);
label.setPadding(new Insets(5));
borderPane.setBottom(label);
Scene scene = new Scene(borderPane);
primaryStage.setTitle(\"Exercise15_21\");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
private class PointPane extends Pane {
final Circle circle = new Circle();
final Vertex[] v = new Vertex[3];
final int strokeWidth = 2;
final Color circleStroke = Color.GRAY, legStroke = Color.BLACK;
@SuppressWarnings(\"SameParameterValue\")
PointPane(double w, double h) {
this.setPrefSize(w, h);
this.setWidth(w);
this.setHeight(h);
circle.setStroke(circleStroke);
circle.setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
circle.setStrokeWidth(strokeWidth);
circle.radiusProperty().bind(this.heightProperty().multiply(0.4));
circle.centerXProperty().bind(this.widthProperty().divide(2));
circle.centerYProperty().bind(this.heightProperty().divide(2));
this.getChildren().add(circle);
// create the vertices at random angles
for (int i = 0; i < v.length; i++) {
v[i] = new Vertex(circle, 2 * Math.PI / v.length * (i + Math.random()));
v[i].radiusProperty().bind(circle.radiusProperty().divide(10));
v[i].setPosition();
v[i].setStroke(new Color(i == 0 ? 1 : 0, i == 1 ? 1 : 0, i == 2 ? 1 : 0, 1));
v[i].setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
v[i].setStrokeWidth(strokeWidth);
this.getChildren().add(v[i]);
v[i].setOnMouseDr.
Mononucleotides are monomer of polynucleotides. Its three uses are-.pdf
Mononucleotides are monomer of polynucleotides. Its three uses are-
Solution
Mononucleotides are monomer of polynucleotides. Its three uses are-.
Intelligence comes from the Latin verb intellegere, which means .pdf
Intelligence comes from the Latin verb \"intellegere\", which means \"to understand\". By this
rationale, intelligence (as understanding) is arguably different from being \"smart\" (able to adapt
to one\'s environment), or being \"clever\" (able to creatively adapt).
At least two major \"consensus\" definitions of intelligence have been proposed.
First, from Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns, a report of a task force convened by the
American Psychological Association in 1995:
Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt
effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of
reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought. Although these individual differences can be
substantial, they are never entirely consistent: a given person
Solution
Intelligence comes from the Latin verb \"intellegere\", which means \"to understand\". By this
rationale, intelligence (as understanding) is arguably different from being \"smart\" (able to adapt
to one\'s environment), or being \"clever\" (able to creatively adapt).
At least two major \"consensus\" definitions of intelligence have been proposed.
First, from Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns, a report of a task force convened by the
American Psychological Association in 1995:
Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt
effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of
reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought. Although these individual differences can be
substantial, they are never entirely consistent: a given person.
Initial compromise is the method that is adopted by intruders to ent.pdf
Initial compromise is the method that is adopted by intruders to enter into the targetted networks.
Generally APTI\'s use spear phishing attack for this purpose.
Spear phishing is an email that appears to be from an individual or business that is well known to
us. But infact it is not. It is from some criminal hackers who want your confidential information
such as: credit card and bank account numbers, passwords, and other financial information on
your PC.
Spear phishing can be used by the attacker to target any individual by sending him a malicious
mail that contains content which relates to his recent happenings in life. This mail will appear to
the receiver as if it has come from the legitimate friend or relative of him. This might also
resemble as a mail sent by the recipient\'s boss who demands him to submit a file immediately.
Composing mails in such a way would tempt the receiver in responding before suspecting. Thus,
allowing himself to be a victim. Responding to those mails might allow some backdoors to enter
into his machine and silently monitors his financial transactions in order to capture the bank
account details, passwords etc.
According to the refered document, malicious ZIP file named
“Internal_Discussion_Press_Release_In_Next_Week8.zip” is the payload. This file contained a
malicious executable that installs a custom APT1 backdoor that we call WEBC2-TABLE
Solution
Initial compromise is the method that is adopted by intruders to enter into the targetted networks.
Generally APTI\'s use spear phishing attack for this purpose.
Spear phishing is an email that appears to be from an individual or business that is well known to
us. But infact it is not. It is from some criminal hackers who want your confidential information
such as: credit card and bank account numbers, passwords, and other financial information on
your PC.
Spear phishing can be used by the attacker to target any individual by sending him a malicious
mail that contains content which relates to his recent happenings in life. This mail will appear to
the receiver as if it has come from the legitimate friend or relative of him. This might also
resemble as a mail sent by the recipient\'s boss who demands him to submit a file immediately.
Composing mails in such a way would tempt the receiver in responding before suspecting. Thus,
allowing himself to be a victim. Responding to those mails might allow some backdoors to enter
into his machine and silently monitors his financial transactions in order to capture the bank
account details, passwords etc.
According to the refered document, malicious ZIP file named
“Internal_Discussion_Press_Release_In_Next_Week8.zip” is the payload. This file contained a
malicious executable that installs a custom APT1 backdoor that we call WEBC2-TABLE.
I agree .Ethernet nodes listen to the medium when they want to tra.pdf
I agree .
Ethernet nodes listen to the medium when they want to transmit so that it is the only station
transmitting at that time.When stations detect a collision using CSMA protocol they cease
transmission, wait a random amount of time, and attempt to transmit again when the medium is
free.If they collide again and again indefinitely, the random delay (T) makes take place between
two stations
Solution
I agree .
Ethernet nodes listen to the medium when they want to transmit so that it is the only station
transmitting at that time.When stations detect a collision using CSMA protocol they cease
transmission, wait a random amount of time, and attempt to transmit again when the medium is
free.If they collide again and again indefinitely, the random delay (T) makes take place between
two stations.
A. 1.Virus modified exoxomes are specialized form of nano sized vesi.pdf
A. 1.Virus modified exoxomes are specialized form of nano sized vesicles calles exosomes can
incorporate and transport functional RNA into target cells serves as attractive alternative.
2. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted from cells that participate in intercellular
communication events.
3. In cancer, exosomes have linked to tumor growth, progression and metastasis.
B. 1.On virus(EVB) exposure, infecte naive B-cells release highlly specific EVB modified
exosomes.
2. Latent membrane protein 1 is expressed on virus infected cell membrane. Which causes
proliferation programm and B cell immortalization and contribute viral spread. immune evasion.
C. 1. Specialised form of nano-sized lipid vesicles can incorporate and transport functional RNA
into target virus infected cells.
2. Most pluricellular organisms sustain exosome based communication via inter cellular
exchange of mRNA and miRNA between cells.
Solution
A. 1.Virus modified exoxomes are specialized form of nano sized vesicles calles exosomes can
incorporate and transport functional RNA into target cells serves as attractive alternative.
2. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted from cells that participate in intercellular
communication events.
3. In cancer, exosomes have linked to tumor growth, progression and metastasis.
B. 1.On virus(EVB) exposure, infecte naive B-cells release highlly specific EVB modified
exosomes.
2. Latent membrane protein 1 is expressed on virus infected cell membrane. Which causes
proliferation programm and B cell immortalization and contribute viral spread. immune evasion.
C. 1. Specialised form of nano-sized lipid vesicles can incorporate and transport functional RNA
into target virus infected cells.
2. Most pluricellular organisms sustain exosome based communication via inter cellular
exchange of mRNA and miRNA between cells..
Hi,pease find ansers for Questions1.5 Fill in the Blanksa) The.pdf
Hi,
pease find ansers for Questions
1.5 Fill in the Blanks
a) The name \"compiler\" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-
level programming language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language or machine
code). If the compiled program can run on a computer whose CPU or operating system is
different from the one on which the compiler runs, the compiler is known as a cross-compiler.
More generally, compilers are a specific type of translator.
b)A Multi-core processor implemnets multiple \"Processing Units\" on a single interated circuit
chip.
c)To execute a program, the system copies it from the external device into the internal memory.
The processor executes the program instructions.
e)Bit is smallest data item in computer
f)String are composed of chracter or Bytes
G)Data Segments
Data segment stores program data. This data could be in form of initialized or uninitialized
variables, and it could be local or global. Data segment is further divided into four sub-data
segments (initialized data segment, uninitialized or .bss data segment, stack, and heap) to store
variables depending upon if they are local or global, and initialized or uninitialized.
h) \"preprocessiong\",compiling,assembling,linking
i)Linker Linker: In high level languages, some built in header files or libraries are stored. These
libraries are predefined and these contain basic functions which are essential for executing the
program. These functions are linked to the libraries by a program called Linker. If linker does not
find a library of a function then it informs to compiler and then compiler generates an error. The
compiler automatically invokes the linker as the last step in compiling a program.
J)static Libaries and dynamically linked executable are re useable compomnets.
Solution
Hi,
pease find ansers for Questions
1.5 Fill in the Blanks
a) The name \"compiler\" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-
level programming language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language or machine
code). If the compiled program can run on a computer whose CPU or operating system is
different from the one on which the compiler runs, the compiler is known as a cross-compiler.
More generally, compilers are a specific type of translator.
b)A Multi-core processor implemnets multiple \"Processing Units\" on a single interated circuit
chip.
c)To execute a program, the system copies it from the external device into the internal memory.
The processor executes the program instructions.
e)Bit is smallest data item in computer
f)String are composed of chracter or Bytes
G)Data Segments
Data segment stores program data. This data could be in form of initialized or uninitialized
variables, and it could be local or global. Data segment is further divided into four sub-data
segments (initialized data segment, uninitialized or .bss data segment, stack, and heap) to store
variables depending upon if they are local or global, an.
(1)White matter in the cerebellumThe arbor vitae refers to the c.pdf
The arbor vitae refers to the white matter of the cerebellum. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The olfactory bulb is larger in sheep compared to humans. The primary visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe of the brain.
Debt ratio=Debttotal assetsHence debt=0.55total assetsHence tot.pdf
Debt ratio=Debt/total assets
Hence debt=0.55total assets
Hence total assets=(2.5/0.55)=$4.545million
total assets=debt+equity
Hence equity=(1-0.55)=0.45total assets
=(0.45*$4.545million)=$2.045 million(Approx)
ROE=Net income/total equity
= ($250,000/2,045,454.545)
=12.22%(Approx).
Solution
Debt ratio=Debt/total assets
Hence debt=0.55total assets
Hence total assets=(2.5/0.55)=$4.545million
total assets=debt+equity
Hence equity=(1-0.55)=0.45total assets
=(0.45*$4.545million)=$2.045 million(Approx)
ROE=Net income/total equity
= ($250,000/2,045,454.545)
=12.22%(Approx)..
D. Serratia marscescens.Belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae a.pdf
Serratia marscescens is a rod-shaped, motile, Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. As a member of this family, it does not form endospores. In laboratories, Serratia is commonly isolated from blood, wounds, respiratory and urinary sites using blood agar culture or selective culture methods.
conc. of salt = 0.140.51.125=0.06222 M So pH = pKa + log[0.062.pdf
conc. of salt = 0.14*0.5/1.125=0.06222 M
So pH = pKa + log[0.06222*1.125/(.625*.2-.14*.5)]
=4.0482 + 0.1047
=4.15292
Solution
conc. of salt = 0.14*0.5/1.125=0.06222 M
So pH = pKa + log[0.06222*1.125/(.625*.2-.14*.5)]
=4.0482 + 0.1047
=4.15292.
Capital budgeting is the process of determining the viability to lon.pdf
Capital budgeting is the process of determining the viability to long-term investments on
purchase or replacement of property plant and equipment and other capital investments in
business. However there are some practical problem on which decision are to be taken by the
management.
1.) Involves Huge investment: As the investment in capital projects involves huge outflow of
company resources there is greater need for proper planning through capital expenditure.This
will affect the company cash flows as huge outflow of cash occurs.
2.) Irreversable: Capital investment decision once taken are very difficult to reverse. It is
imporatant because most capital assets are business shall be customised according to the needs of
business, hence disposal of those assets without proper usilisation shall incur losses to the
organisation.
3.) Capital investments involves Risk: Before investing in capital assest it is paramount to
properly plan the acquisition of the asset or development as they are used for longterm and they
posses greater financial risks., like obsolescence of technology, etc
4.) Funding for the project:Since capital investments involves larger outflow of organisational
resources it is important for the finance department to identify the source of fund. Also they
require the altered business plan and cash flows to show profitabity in the future.
5.) Return on investment and Payback period: It is also important to estimate and analyse the
benefits of the investment and determin the estimated payback period. Hence, Proper capital
budgeting planning is must.
Solution
Capital budgeting is the process of determining the viability to long-term investments on
purchase or replacement of property plant and equipment and other capital investments in
business. However there are some practical problem on which decision are to be taken by the
management.
1.) Involves Huge investment: As the investment in capital projects involves huge outflow of
company resources there is greater need for proper planning through capital expenditure.This
will affect the company cash flows as huge outflow of cash occurs.
2.) Irreversable: Capital investment decision once taken are very difficult to reverse. It is
imporatant because most capital assets are business shall be customised according to the needs of
business, hence disposal of those assets without proper usilisation shall incur losses to the
organisation.
3.) Capital investments involves Risk: Before investing in capital assest it is paramount to
properly plan the acquisition of the asset or development as they are used for longterm and they
posses greater financial risks., like obsolescence of technology, etc
4.) Funding for the project:Since capital investments involves larger outflow of organisational
resources it is important for the finance department to identify the source of fund. Also they
require the altered business plan and cash flows to show profitabity in the future.
5.) Return on investment and Pa.
b.Subjective probabilitySolutionb.Subjective probability.pdf
Subjective probability refers to probabilities that are based on personal beliefs rather than long-run relative frequency. It acknowledges that people may reasonably disagree about probabilities due to differences in knowledge or interpretation of available evidence.
AnswerThe human immune system consists of two types of immunity .pdf
Answer:
The human immune system consists of two types of immunity: cellular immunity and humoral
immunity.
Cellular immunity: The T cells are produced in cellular immunity to destroy foreign antigens.
The T cells that circulate in the blood and respond to antigens tagged with the cellular surface
protein called MHC (major histocompatibility complex). The T cells bind with the tagged MHC
proteins and destroy them in cooperation with other immune functions.
Humoral immunity: B cells are produced in humoral immunity. The B cells present in the blood
serum and they recognize antigens in the lymphatic system and blood stream. The B cells attach
to the antigens, kill them, and differentiate to create memory cells specific to each antigen. These
memory cells then target and destroy that particular antigen if it is detected again in the future.
Solution
Answer:
The human immune system consists of two types of immunity: cellular immunity and humoral
immunity.
Cellular immunity: The T cells are produced in cellular immunity to destroy foreign antigens.
The T cells that circulate in the blood and respond to antigens tagged with the cellular surface
protein called MHC (major histocompatibility complex). The T cells bind with the tagged MHC
proteins and destroy them in cooperation with other immune functions.
Humoral immunity: B cells are produced in humoral immunity. The B cells present in the blood
serum and they recognize antigens in the lymphatic system and blood stream. The B cells attach
to the antigens, kill them, and differentiate to create memory cells specific to each antigen. These
memory cells then target and destroy that particular antigen if it is detected again in the future..
AnswerNetwork technology best suited to networks of ten or fewer c.pdf
Answer
Network technology best suited to networks of ten or fewer computers peer-peer
Reason
peer-peer networks has no heirarchy among computer nor any dedicated servers the network has
no central point of control peer to peer network works best in environment with ten or fewer
computer
Answer
This device connects two or more networks and directs the flow of information along the
network is router
Reason
Router is a device which connect two or more networks and directs the information
Answer
Bluetooth is a technology often used in this type of network PAN
Reason
IEEE 802.15 working group for personal area networks (PAN) announced that they will be
adopting Bluetooth as the IEEE 802.15 standard.
Answer
Computers need this hardware to connect to a network NIC
Reason
A network interface card (NIC)provides the computer with a dedicated, full-time connection to a
network.
Answer
Company that offers Internet access to individuals and businesses is ISP
Reason
Internet service providers (ISP) is an organizations who provide services of accessing internet
Solution
Answer
Network technology best suited to networks of ten or fewer computers peer-peer
Reason
peer-peer networks has no heirarchy among computer nor any dedicated servers the network has
no central point of control peer to peer network works best in environment with ten or fewer
computer
Answer
This device connects two or more networks and directs the flow of information along the
network is router
Reason
Router is a device which connect two or more networks and directs the information
Answer
Bluetooth is a technology often used in this type of network PAN
Reason
IEEE 802.15 working group for personal area networks (PAN) announced that they will be
adopting Bluetooth as the IEEE 802.15 standard.
Answer
Computers need this hardware to connect to a network NIC
Reason
A network interface card (NIC)provides the computer with a dedicated, full-time connection to a
network.
Answer
Company that offers Internet access to individuals and businesses is ISP
Reason
Internet service providers (ISP) is an organizations who provide services of accessing internet.
Access Control Its basically refers to the various set of methods a.pdf
Access Control: Its basically refers to the various set of methods and techniques, through which
we can limit the access to information for certain group or a individual person. The various
access control methodologies are:
i) Mandatory Access Control: Here in this type of access control, we put various security labels
on the sensitive objects or the subject. This security labels provide the assign level of sensitivity
to the information.
ii) Discretionary Access Control: Here in this type of access control , the owner of the
information decide, to whom he/she has to give rights to access the information. Here all the
access to the information is at the discretion of the owner of information.
iii) Non Discretionary Access Control: Here in this type of access control, the control is given on
the bases of your role and what type of task you are going to perform. On the bases of which the
access control is decided.
Solution
Access Control: Its basically refers to the various set of methods and techniques, through which
we can limit the access to information for certain group or a individual person. The various
access control methodologies are:
i) Mandatory Access Control: Here in this type of access control, we put various security labels
on the sensitive objects or the subject. This security labels provide the assign level of sensitivity
to the information.
ii) Discretionary Access Control: Here in this type of access control , the owner of the
information decide, to whom he/she has to give rights to access the information. Here all the
access to the information is at the discretion of the owner of information.
iii) Non Discretionary Access Control: Here in this type of access control, the control is given on
the bases of your role and what type of task you are going to perform. On the bases of which the
access control is decided..
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
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Ques-1 antinormative collective pro-social behaviorReasonOnlin.pdf
Ques-1: antinormative collective pro-social behavior
Reason:
Online communities offer many individuals to adopt different disguises, thus concealing their
identities and enabling them to be more mean or callous. This type of antinormative pro-social
behavior is contributed to deindividuation. This deindiviualization is mainly due to loss of social
awareness with different attitude compared to normal social behavior.
In contrast, if the stereotypes are inaccurate (because they are developed based on first
experiences) they create more problems rather than benefits. These opinions need to be filtered
through the view of situations or person that are responsible for creating that stereotype.
Ques-2: answer: B. inclinations to act.
Reason:
Attitude is associated with meticulously cognitive, affective, and behavioral tendencies
according to empirical research that support apparent differences between thoughts & emotions
but failed to act inclinations to explain attitudes consistently
Stereotypes are our opinions about the people who does not belong to our community. Actually
all our opinions are impressions of their behavior what we observe directly or what we hear by
means of another person. Behavior reflects their attitude, the way they live, their culture and
values. Therefore, we can evaluate the people who differ from us. It is very helpful for a tourist
visiting a foreign country because it allows having guesses regarding their culture so that we can
respond and behave accordingly. By having the basic ideas about the society that we are going to
visit allows us to better predict and interpret the behaviors that we are going to experience, so
that we can acclimatize ourselves to the new society.
Solution
Ques-1: antinormative collective pro-social behavior
Reason:
Online communities offer many individuals to adopt different disguises, thus concealing their
identities and enabling them to be more mean or callous. This type of antinormative pro-social
behavior is contributed to deindividuation. This deindiviualization is mainly due to loss of social
awareness with different attitude compared to normal social behavior.
In contrast, if the stereotypes are inaccurate (because they are developed based on first
experiences) they create more problems rather than benefits. These opinions need to be filtered
through the view of situations or person that are responsible for creating that stereotype.
Ques-2: answer: B. inclinations to act.
Reason:
Attitude is associated with meticulously cognitive, affective, and behavioral tendencies
according to empirical research that support apparent differences between thoughts & emotions
but failed to act inclinations to explain attitudes consistently
Stereotypes are our opinions about the people who does not belong to our community. Actually
all our opinions are impressions of their behavior what we observe directly or what we hear by
means of another person. Behavior reflects their attitude, the way they live, th.
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the.pdf
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.
Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point,
density, solubility, polarity, and many others.
The three states of matter are: solid, liquid, and gas. The melting point and boiling point are
related to changes of the state of matter.
An object or substance can be measured or perceived without changing its identity. Physical
properties can be intensive or extensive. An intensive property does not depend on the size or
amount of matter in the object, while an extensive property does. In addition to extensiveness,
properties can also be either isotropic if their values do not depend on the direction of
observation or anisotropic otherwise. Physical properties are referred to as observables. They are
not modal properties.
Solution
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.
Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point,
density, solubility, polarity, and many others.
The three states of matter are: solid, liquid, and gas. The melting point and boiling point are
related to changes of the state of matter.
An object or substance can be measured or perceived without changing its identity. Physical
properties can be intensive or extensive. An intensive property does not depend on the size or
amount of matter in the object, while an extensive property does. In addition to extensiveness,
properties can also be either isotropic if their values do not depend on the direction of
observation or anisotropic otherwise. Physical properties are referred to as observables. They are
not modal properties..
(E) a+ and b+ are more closely linked than a+ and c+. If two gen.pdf
(E) a+ and b+ are more closely linked than a+ and c+.
If two genes are present on the same chromosome, they are less likely to undergo recombination.
If they are very closely located, they do not undergo recombination and that pair of genes occur
more frequently.
Solution
(E) a+ and b+ are more closely linked than a+ and c+.
If two genes are present on the same chromosome, they are less likely to undergo recombination.
If they are very closely located, they do not undergo recombination and that pair of genes occur
more frequently..
Please follow the data and description 1) An association indicate.pdf
Please follow the data and description :
1) An association indicates that the destination address is for a networking device connected to
one of the ports on the bridge.
So the answer is OPTION B (Indicates that the destination address is for a networking device
connected to one of the ports on the bridge).
2)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
3) The acronym TCP/IP stands for Transmission Controller Protocol / Internet Protocol is a true
statement.
So the answer is OPTION A (True).
4)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
5)
Aging Time :
It is the length of time a MAC address remains assigned to a port. The assignment of the MAC
address will be removed if there is no data activity within this time. If the computer with the
assigned MAC address initiates new data activity, the aging time counter is restarted, and the
MAC address remains assigned to the port.
So the answer is OPTION D (Aging Time).
6)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
7)
ping command :
This is generally used as a network commands that allows you to ping another network IP
address. Pinging another address helps determine if the network card can communicate within
the local network or outside network.
So the answer is OPTIONS (A,B,D).
8)
Private networks can use IP addresses anywhere in the following ranges: 192.168.0.0 -
192.168.255.255 (65,536 IP addresses) 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (1,048,576 IP addresses)
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (16,777,216 IP addresses).
A routable IP address is one that can be reached (or routed) by anyone on the internet.
So the answer is OPTIONS (C,D).
9)
The use of STP cable includes the resitance to interference, speed, data security, protection from
crosstalk.
So the answer is OPTION E (None of the Above).
10)
Transport Layer :
The layer in the open system interconnection (OSI) model responsible for end-to-end
communication over a network. It provides logical communication between application
processes running on different hosts within a layered architecture of protocols and other network
components.
So the answer is OPTION A (Transport Layer).
Hope this is helpful.
Solution
Please follow the data and description :
1) An association indicates that the destination address is for a networking device connected to
one of the ports on the bridge.
So the answer is OPTION B (Indicates that the destination address is for a networking device
connected to one of the ports on the bridge).
2)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
3) The acronym TCP/IP stands for Transmission Controller Protocol / Internet Protocol is a true
statement.
So the answer is OPTION A (True).
4)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
5)
Aging Time :
It is the length of time a MAC address remains assigned to a port. The assignment of the MAC
address will be removed if there is no data activity within this time. If the computer.
package chapter15;import javafx.application.Application;import j.pdf
package chapter15;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.scene.shape.Line;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.scene.text.TextAlignment;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
/**
* Java Programming: Comprehensive (10e); Liang; Pearson 2014
*
* *15.21(Drag points) Draw a circle with three random points on the circle. Connect
* the points to form a triangle. Display the angles in the triangle. Use the mouse
* to drag a point along the perimeter of the circle. As you drag it, the triangle and
* angles are redisplayed dynamically, as shown in Figure 15.30b. For computing
* angles in a triangle, see Listing 4.1.
*
* {@code A = Math.acos((a * a - b * b - c * c) / (-2 * b * c))}
* {@code B = Math.acos((b * b - a * a - c * c) / (-2 * a * c))}
* {@code C = Math.acos((c * c - b * b - a * a) / (-2 * a * b))}
*
* @author ncoop
*/
@SuppressWarnings(\"WeakerAccess\")
public class DragPoints extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
final PointPane pane = new PointPane(640, 480);
pane.setStyle(\"-fx-background-color: wheat;\");
Label label = new Label(\"Click and drag the points.\");
BorderPane borderPane = new BorderPane(pane);
BorderPane.setAlignment(label, Pos.CENTER);
label.setPadding(new Insets(5));
borderPane.setBottom(label);
Scene scene = new Scene(borderPane);
primaryStage.setTitle(\"Exercise15_21\");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
private class PointPane extends Pane {
final Circle circle = new Circle();
final Vertex[] v = new Vertex[3];
final int strokeWidth = 2;
final Color circleStroke = Color.GRAY, legStroke = Color.BLACK;
@SuppressWarnings(\"SameParameterValue\")
PointPane(double w, double h) {
this.setPrefSize(w, h);
this.setWidth(w);
this.setHeight(h);
circle.setStroke(circleStroke);
circle.setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
circle.setStrokeWidth(strokeWidth);
circle.radiusProperty().bind(this.heightProperty().multiply(0.4));
circle.centerXProperty().bind(this.widthProperty().divide(2));
circle.centerYProperty().bind(this.heightProperty().divide(2));
this.getChildren().add(circle);
// create the vertices at random angles
for (int i = 0; i < v.length; i++) {
v[i] = new Vertex(circle, 2 * Math.PI / v.length * (i + Math.random()));
v[i].radiusProperty().bind(circle.radiusProperty().divide(10));
v[i].setPosition();
v[i].setStroke(new Color(i == 0 ? 1 : 0, i == 1 ? 1 : 0, i == 2 ? 1 : 0, 1));
v[i].setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
v[i].setStrokeWidth(strokeWidth);
this.getChildren().add(v[i]);
v[i].setOnMouseDr.
Mononucleotides are monomer of polynucleotides. Its three uses are-.pdf
Mononucleotides are monomer of polynucleotides. Its three uses are-
Solution
Mononucleotides are monomer of polynucleotides. Its three uses are-.
Intelligence comes from the Latin verb intellegere, which means .pdf
Intelligence comes from the Latin verb \"intellegere\", which means \"to understand\". By this
rationale, intelligence (as understanding) is arguably different from being \"smart\" (able to adapt
to one\'s environment), or being \"clever\" (able to creatively adapt).
At least two major \"consensus\" definitions of intelligence have been proposed.
First, from Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns, a report of a task force convened by the
American Psychological Association in 1995:
Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt
effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of
reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought. Although these individual differences can be
substantial, they are never entirely consistent: a given person
Solution
Intelligence comes from the Latin verb \"intellegere\", which means \"to understand\". By this
rationale, intelligence (as understanding) is arguably different from being \"smart\" (able to adapt
to one\'s environment), or being \"clever\" (able to creatively adapt).
At least two major \"consensus\" definitions of intelligence have been proposed.
First, from Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns, a report of a task force convened by the
American Psychological Association in 1995:
Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt
effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of
reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought. Although these individual differences can be
substantial, they are never entirely consistent: a given person.
Initial compromise is the method that is adopted by intruders to ent.pdf
Initial compromise is the method that is adopted by intruders to enter into the targetted networks.
Generally APTI\'s use spear phishing attack for this purpose.
Spear phishing is an email that appears to be from an individual or business that is well known to
us. But infact it is not. It is from some criminal hackers who want your confidential information
such as: credit card and bank account numbers, passwords, and other financial information on
your PC.
Spear phishing can be used by the attacker to target any individual by sending him a malicious
mail that contains content which relates to his recent happenings in life. This mail will appear to
the receiver as if it has come from the legitimate friend or relative of him. This might also
resemble as a mail sent by the recipient\'s boss who demands him to submit a file immediately.
Composing mails in such a way would tempt the receiver in responding before suspecting. Thus,
allowing himself to be a victim. Responding to those mails might allow some backdoors to enter
into his machine and silently monitors his financial transactions in order to capture the bank
account details, passwords etc.
According to the refered document, malicious ZIP file named
“Internal_Discussion_Press_Release_In_Next_Week8.zip” is the payload. This file contained a
malicious executable that installs a custom APT1 backdoor that we call WEBC2-TABLE
Solution
Initial compromise is the method that is adopted by intruders to enter into the targetted networks.
Generally APTI\'s use spear phishing attack for this purpose.
Spear phishing is an email that appears to be from an individual or business that is well known to
us. But infact it is not. It is from some criminal hackers who want your confidential information
such as: credit card and bank account numbers, passwords, and other financial information on
your PC.
Spear phishing can be used by the attacker to target any individual by sending him a malicious
mail that contains content which relates to his recent happenings in life. This mail will appear to
the receiver as if it has come from the legitimate friend or relative of him. This might also
resemble as a mail sent by the recipient\'s boss who demands him to submit a file immediately.
Composing mails in such a way would tempt the receiver in responding before suspecting. Thus,
allowing himself to be a victim. Responding to those mails might allow some backdoors to enter
into his machine and silently monitors his financial transactions in order to capture the bank
account details, passwords etc.
According to the refered document, malicious ZIP file named
“Internal_Discussion_Press_Release_In_Next_Week8.zip” is the payload. This file contained a
malicious executable that installs a custom APT1 backdoor that we call WEBC2-TABLE.
I agree .Ethernet nodes listen to the medium when they want to tra.pdf
I agree .
Ethernet nodes listen to the medium when they want to transmit so that it is the only station
transmitting at that time.When stations detect a collision using CSMA protocol they cease
transmission, wait a random amount of time, and attempt to transmit again when the medium is
free.If they collide again and again indefinitely, the random delay (T) makes take place between
two stations
Solution
I agree .
Ethernet nodes listen to the medium when they want to transmit so that it is the only station
transmitting at that time.When stations detect a collision using CSMA protocol they cease
transmission, wait a random amount of time, and attempt to transmit again when the medium is
free.If they collide again and again indefinitely, the random delay (T) makes take place between
two stations.
A. 1.Virus modified exoxomes are specialized form of nano sized vesi.pdf
A. 1.Virus modified exoxomes are specialized form of nano sized vesicles calles exosomes can
incorporate and transport functional RNA into target cells serves as attractive alternative.
2. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted from cells that participate in intercellular
communication events.
3. In cancer, exosomes have linked to tumor growth, progression and metastasis.
B. 1.On virus(EVB) exposure, infecte naive B-cells release highlly specific EVB modified
exosomes.
2. Latent membrane protein 1 is expressed on virus infected cell membrane. Which causes
proliferation programm and B cell immortalization and contribute viral spread. immune evasion.
C. 1. Specialised form of nano-sized lipid vesicles can incorporate and transport functional RNA
into target virus infected cells.
2. Most pluricellular organisms sustain exosome based communication via inter cellular
exchange of mRNA and miRNA between cells.
Solution
A. 1.Virus modified exoxomes are specialized form of nano sized vesicles calles exosomes can
incorporate and transport functional RNA into target cells serves as attractive alternative.
2. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted from cells that participate in intercellular
communication events.
3. In cancer, exosomes have linked to tumor growth, progression and metastasis.
B. 1.On virus(EVB) exposure, infecte naive B-cells release highlly specific EVB modified
exosomes.
2. Latent membrane protein 1 is expressed on virus infected cell membrane. Which causes
proliferation programm and B cell immortalization and contribute viral spread. immune evasion.
C. 1. Specialised form of nano-sized lipid vesicles can incorporate and transport functional RNA
into target virus infected cells.
2. Most pluricellular organisms sustain exosome based communication via inter cellular
exchange of mRNA and miRNA between cells..
Hi,pease find ansers for Questions1.5 Fill in the Blanksa) The.pdf
Hi,
pease find ansers for Questions
1.5 Fill in the Blanks
a) The name \"compiler\" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-
level programming language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language or machine
code). If the compiled program can run on a computer whose CPU or operating system is
different from the one on which the compiler runs, the compiler is known as a cross-compiler.
More generally, compilers are a specific type of translator.
b)A Multi-core processor implemnets multiple \"Processing Units\" on a single interated circuit
chip.
c)To execute a program, the system copies it from the external device into the internal memory.
The processor executes the program instructions.
e)Bit is smallest data item in computer
f)String are composed of chracter or Bytes
G)Data Segments
Data segment stores program data. This data could be in form of initialized or uninitialized
variables, and it could be local or global. Data segment is further divided into four sub-data
segments (initialized data segment, uninitialized or .bss data segment, stack, and heap) to store
variables depending upon if they are local or global, and initialized or uninitialized.
h) \"preprocessiong\",compiling,assembling,linking
i)Linker Linker: In high level languages, some built in header files or libraries are stored. These
libraries are predefined and these contain basic functions which are essential for executing the
program. These functions are linked to the libraries by a program called Linker. If linker does not
find a library of a function then it informs to compiler and then compiler generates an error. The
compiler automatically invokes the linker as the last step in compiling a program.
J)static Libaries and dynamically linked executable are re useable compomnets.
Solution
Hi,
pease find ansers for Questions
1.5 Fill in the Blanks
a) The name \"compiler\" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-
level programming language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language or machine
code). If the compiled program can run on a computer whose CPU or operating system is
different from the one on which the compiler runs, the compiler is known as a cross-compiler.
More generally, compilers are a specific type of translator.
b)A Multi-core processor implemnets multiple \"Processing Units\" on a single interated circuit
chip.
c)To execute a program, the system copies it from the external device into the internal memory.
The processor executes the program instructions.
e)Bit is smallest data item in computer
f)String are composed of chracter or Bytes
G)Data Segments
Data segment stores program data. This data could be in form of initialized or uninitialized
variables, and it could be local or global. Data segment is further divided into four sub-data
segments (initialized data segment, uninitialized or .bss data segment, stack, and heap) to store
variables depending upon if they are local or global, an.
(1)White matter in the cerebellumThe arbor vitae refers to the c.pdf
The arbor vitae refers to the white matter of the cerebellum. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The olfactory bulb is larger in sheep compared to humans. The primary visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe of the brain.
Debt ratio=Debttotal assetsHence debt=0.55total assetsHence tot.pdf
Debt ratio=Debt/total assets
Hence debt=0.55total assets
Hence total assets=(2.5/0.55)=$4.545million
total assets=debt+equity
Hence equity=(1-0.55)=0.45total assets
=(0.45*$4.545million)=$2.045 million(Approx)
ROE=Net income/total equity
= ($250,000/2,045,454.545)
=12.22%(Approx).
Solution
Debt ratio=Debt/total assets
Hence debt=0.55total assets
Hence total assets=(2.5/0.55)=$4.545million
total assets=debt+equity
Hence equity=(1-0.55)=0.45total assets
=(0.45*$4.545million)=$2.045 million(Approx)
ROE=Net income/total equity
= ($250,000/2,045,454.545)
=12.22%(Approx)..
D. Serratia marscescens.Belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae a.pdf
Serratia marscescens is a rod-shaped, motile, Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. As a member of this family, it does not form endospores. In laboratories, Serratia is commonly isolated from blood, wounds, respiratory and urinary sites using blood agar culture or selective culture methods.
conc. of salt = 0.140.51.125=0.06222 M So pH = pKa + log[0.062.pdf
conc. of salt = 0.14*0.5/1.125=0.06222 M
So pH = pKa + log[0.06222*1.125/(.625*.2-.14*.5)]
=4.0482 + 0.1047
=4.15292
Solution
conc. of salt = 0.14*0.5/1.125=0.06222 M
So pH = pKa + log[0.06222*1.125/(.625*.2-.14*.5)]
=4.0482 + 0.1047
=4.15292.
Capital budgeting is the process of determining the viability to lon.pdf
Capital budgeting is the process of determining the viability to long-term investments on
purchase or replacement of property plant and equipment and other capital investments in
business. However there are some practical problem on which decision are to be taken by the
management.
1.) Involves Huge investment: As the investment in capital projects involves huge outflow of
company resources there is greater need for proper planning through capital expenditure.This
will affect the company cash flows as huge outflow of cash occurs.
2.) Irreversable: Capital investment decision once taken are very difficult to reverse. It is
imporatant because most capital assets are business shall be customised according to the needs of
business, hence disposal of those assets without proper usilisation shall incur losses to the
organisation.
3.) Capital investments involves Risk: Before investing in capital assest it is paramount to
properly plan the acquisition of the asset or development as they are used for longterm and they
posses greater financial risks., like obsolescence of technology, etc
4.) Funding for the project:Since capital investments involves larger outflow of organisational
resources it is important for the finance department to identify the source of fund. Also they
require the altered business plan and cash flows to show profitabity in the future.
5.) Return on investment and Payback period: It is also important to estimate and analyse the
benefits of the investment and determin the estimated payback period. Hence, Proper capital
budgeting planning is must.
Solution
Capital budgeting is the process of determining the viability to long-term investments on
purchase or replacement of property plant and equipment and other capital investments in
business. However there are some practical problem on which decision are to be taken by the
management.
1.) Involves Huge investment: As the investment in capital projects involves huge outflow of
company resources there is greater need for proper planning through capital expenditure.This
will affect the company cash flows as huge outflow of cash occurs.
2.) Irreversable: Capital investment decision once taken are very difficult to reverse. It is
imporatant because most capital assets are business shall be customised according to the needs of
business, hence disposal of those assets without proper usilisation shall incur losses to the
organisation.
3.) Capital investments involves Risk: Before investing in capital assest it is paramount to
properly plan the acquisition of the asset or development as they are used for longterm and they
posses greater financial risks., like obsolescence of technology, etc
4.) Funding for the project:Since capital investments involves larger outflow of organisational
resources it is important for the finance department to identify the source of fund. Also they
require the altered business plan and cash flows to show profitabity in the future.
5.) Return on investment and Pa.
b.Subjective probabilitySolutionb.Subjective probability.pdf
Subjective probability refers to probabilities that are based on personal beliefs rather than long-run relative frequency. It acknowledges that people may reasonably disagree about probabilities due to differences in knowledge or interpretation of available evidence.
AnswerThe human immune system consists of two types of immunity .pdf
Answer:
The human immune system consists of two types of immunity: cellular immunity and humoral
immunity.
Cellular immunity: The T cells are produced in cellular immunity to destroy foreign antigens.
The T cells that circulate in the blood and respond to antigens tagged with the cellular surface
protein called MHC (major histocompatibility complex). The T cells bind with the tagged MHC
proteins and destroy them in cooperation with other immune functions.
Humoral immunity: B cells are produced in humoral immunity. The B cells present in the blood
serum and they recognize antigens in the lymphatic system and blood stream. The B cells attach
to the antigens, kill them, and differentiate to create memory cells specific to each antigen. These
memory cells then target and destroy that particular antigen if it is detected again in the future.
Solution
Answer:
The human immune system consists of two types of immunity: cellular immunity and humoral
immunity.
Cellular immunity: The T cells are produced in cellular immunity to destroy foreign antigens.
The T cells that circulate in the blood and respond to antigens tagged with the cellular surface
protein called MHC (major histocompatibility complex). The T cells bind with the tagged MHC
proteins and destroy them in cooperation with other immune functions.
Humoral immunity: B cells are produced in humoral immunity. The B cells present in the blood
serum and they recognize antigens in the lymphatic system and blood stream. The B cells attach
to the antigens, kill them, and differentiate to create memory cells specific to each antigen. These
memory cells then target and destroy that particular antigen if it is detected again in the future..
AnswerNetwork technology best suited to networks of ten or fewer c.pdf
Answer
Network technology best suited to networks of ten or fewer computers peer-peer
Reason
peer-peer networks has no heirarchy among computer nor any dedicated servers the network has
no central point of control peer to peer network works best in environment with ten or fewer
computer
Answer
This device connects two or more networks and directs the flow of information along the
network is router
Reason
Router is a device which connect two or more networks and directs the information
Answer
Bluetooth is a technology often used in this type of network PAN
Reason
IEEE 802.15 working group for personal area networks (PAN) announced that they will be
adopting Bluetooth as the IEEE 802.15 standard.
Answer
Computers need this hardware to connect to a network NIC
Reason
A network interface card (NIC)provides the computer with a dedicated, full-time connection to a
network.
Answer
Company that offers Internet access to individuals and businesses is ISP
Reason
Internet service providers (ISP) is an organizations who provide services of accessing internet
Solution
Answer
Network technology best suited to networks of ten or fewer computers peer-peer
Reason
peer-peer networks has no heirarchy among computer nor any dedicated servers the network has
no central point of control peer to peer network works best in environment with ten or fewer
computer
Answer
This device connects two or more networks and directs the flow of information along the
network is router
Reason
Router is a device which connect two or more networks and directs the information
Answer
Bluetooth is a technology often used in this type of network PAN
Reason
IEEE 802.15 working group for personal area networks (PAN) announced that they will be
adopting Bluetooth as the IEEE 802.15 standard.
Answer
Computers need this hardware to connect to a network NIC
Reason
A network interface card (NIC)provides the computer with a dedicated, full-time connection to a
network.
Answer
Company that offers Internet access to individuals and businesses is ISP
Reason
Internet service providers (ISP) is an organizations who provide services of accessing internet.
Access Control Its basically refers to the various set of methods a.pdf
Access Control: Its basically refers to the various set of methods and techniques, through which
we can limit the access to information for certain group or a individual person. The various
access control methodologies are:
i) Mandatory Access Control: Here in this type of access control, we put various security labels
on the sensitive objects or the subject. This security labels provide the assign level of sensitivity
to the information.
ii) Discretionary Access Control: Here in this type of access control , the owner of the
information decide, to whom he/she has to give rights to access the information. Here all the
access to the information is at the discretion of the owner of information.
iii) Non Discretionary Access Control: Here in this type of access control, the control is given on
the bases of your role and what type of task you are going to perform. On the bases of which the
access control is decided.
Solution
Access Control: Its basically refers to the various set of methods and techniques, through which
we can limit the access to information for certain group or a individual person. The various
access control methodologies are:
i) Mandatory Access Control: Here in this type of access control, we put various security labels
on the sensitive objects or the subject. This security labels provide the assign level of sensitivity
to the information.
ii) Discretionary Access Control: Here in this type of access control , the owner of the
information decide, to whom he/she has to give rights to access the information. Here all the
access to the information is at the discretion of the owner of information.
iii) Non Discretionary Access Control: Here in this type of access control, the control is given on
the bases of your role and what type of task you are going to perform. On the bases of which the
access control is decided..
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