Apache Axis2/C is a web services engine implemented in C that allows for providing and consuming web services. It has an extensible module-based architecture that supports WS-* specifications. Key features include support for one-way and request-response messaging, a module system for extending SOAP processing, and transports like HTTP, TCP, and SMTP. The architecture separates logic and state using an information model and defines phases for processing incoming and outgoing SOAP messages that can be extended through modules and handlers.
Remote Method Invocation (RMI) allows Java objects to communicate remotely. The RMI architecture consists of interfaces, stubs, skeletons, and transport layers. Interfaces define remote services while stubs and skeletons handle remote calls. The transport layer connects clients and servers over TCP/IP. Clients lookup remote objects by name in an RMI registry.
This document discusses different types of splitters and aggregators in Mule routing. It provides examples of using collection splitters to split collections into individual messages processed in parallel, and collection aggregators to reassemble the messages. It also demonstrates using message chunk splitters to split payloads into fixed-size chunks for parallel processing, and message chunk aggregators to recombine the chunks. Scatter-gather routing is mentioned as well to concurrently send messages to multiple endpoints and aggregate the responses.
RabbitMQ is an open source message broker software written in Erlang. It uses exchanges to route messages from producers to queues based on routing keys or bindings. There are four main exchange types - direct, fanout, topic, and headers. Mule can connect to RabbitMQ using the AMQP connector and exchange types to send and receive messages from RabbitMQ queues. For example, a Mule flow can use a direct exchange to send a message to a queue, while another flow receives from the same queue.
Mule ESB Interview or Certification questionsTechieVarsity
Mule ESB is used to integrate the university's new Oracle PeopleSoft Campus Solutions student system with its existing Oracle ERP implementation and other ancillary systems. A Mule flow posts student transaction queues asynchronously to Oracle ERP and manages credit/debit transactions by splitting and routing them. Mule is also used for other integration tasks like batch jobs and file transfers within the university systems.
The document discusses Mule Expression Language (MEL), which is a lightweight expression language that can be used to access and evaluate data in a Mule message. MEL expressions provide convenient access to properties of the message and its environment through context objects like "message", "server", and "app". MEL syntax closely follows Java and allows accessing data, making decisions, and manipulating message payloads through simple property expressions and operators. Common uses of MEL include routing messages, extracting values, replacing tokens, and implementing custom message processors.
The document discusses Remote Method Invocation (RMI) in Java. RMI allows objects running in one Java virtual machine to invoke methods on objects running in another Java VM. It has four layers: application layer, proxy layer, remote reference layer, and transport layer. The RMI architecture contains an RMI server, RMI client, and RMI registry. The server creates remote objects and registers them with the registry. The client looks up remote objects by name in the registry and invokes methods on them.
This document contains top 50 MuleSoft Interview questions for the MuleSoft software development job aspirants. Also, this helps, who are taking MCD API Design Associate exam.
Websphere MQ is IBM's middleware for messaging and queuing that allows applications on distributed systems to communicate. It has a consistent API across platforms and current version is 7.0. Previously known as MQSeries, it was rebranded to Websphere MQ in 2002. Messaging involves program-to-program communication between systems using message queues. MQ defines different queue types for specific purposes that applications can use to exchange messages.
Remote Method Invocation (RMI) allows Java objects to communicate remotely. The RMI architecture consists of interfaces, stubs, skeletons, and transport layers. Interfaces define remote services while stubs and skeletons handle remote calls. The transport layer connects clients and servers over TCP/IP. Clients lookup remote objects by name in an RMI registry.
This document discusses different types of splitters and aggregators in Mule routing. It provides examples of using collection splitters to split collections into individual messages processed in parallel, and collection aggregators to reassemble the messages. It also demonstrates using message chunk splitters to split payloads into fixed-size chunks for parallel processing, and message chunk aggregators to recombine the chunks. Scatter-gather routing is mentioned as well to concurrently send messages to multiple endpoints and aggregate the responses.
RabbitMQ is an open source message broker software written in Erlang. It uses exchanges to route messages from producers to queues based on routing keys or bindings. There are four main exchange types - direct, fanout, topic, and headers. Mule can connect to RabbitMQ using the AMQP connector and exchange types to send and receive messages from RabbitMQ queues. For example, a Mule flow can use a direct exchange to send a message to a queue, while another flow receives from the same queue.
Mule ESB Interview or Certification questionsTechieVarsity
Mule ESB is used to integrate the university's new Oracle PeopleSoft Campus Solutions student system with its existing Oracle ERP implementation and other ancillary systems. A Mule flow posts student transaction queues asynchronously to Oracle ERP and manages credit/debit transactions by splitting and routing them. Mule is also used for other integration tasks like batch jobs and file transfers within the university systems.
The document discusses Mule Expression Language (MEL), which is a lightweight expression language that can be used to access and evaluate data in a Mule message. MEL expressions provide convenient access to properties of the message and its environment through context objects like "message", "server", and "app". MEL syntax closely follows Java and allows accessing data, making decisions, and manipulating message payloads through simple property expressions and operators. Common uses of MEL include routing messages, extracting values, replacing tokens, and implementing custom message processors.
The document discusses Remote Method Invocation (RMI) in Java. RMI allows objects running in one Java virtual machine to invoke methods on objects running in another Java VM. It has four layers: application layer, proxy layer, remote reference layer, and transport layer. The RMI architecture contains an RMI server, RMI client, and RMI registry. The server creates remote objects and registers them with the registry. The client looks up remote objects by name in the registry and invokes methods on them.
This document contains top 50 MuleSoft Interview questions for the MuleSoft software development job aspirants. Also, this helps, who are taking MCD API Design Associate exam.
Websphere MQ is IBM's middleware for messaging and queuing that allows applications on distributed systems to communicate. It has a consistent API across platforms and current version is 7.0. Previously known as MQSeries, it was rebranded to Websphere MQ in 2002. Messaging involves program-to-program communication between systems using message queues. MQ defines different queue types for specific purposes that applications can use to exchange messages.
Frequently asked MuleSoft Interview Questions and Answers from TechlightningArul ChristhuRaj Alphonse
MuleSoft Interview Questions and answers from youtube channel Techlightning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqBgT2t6cCQ&list=PLfEAetjBY9s4YdBie3VSpufxNcnC3wJvK
This document provides an overview of the key concepts and architecture of Spring MVC, the model-view-controller framework in Spring. It discusses how Spring MVC handles requests and dispatches them to controller methods, and how controllers select views and expose model objects. It also covers view resolution, form processing, validation, exception handling, and REST support in Spring MVC, as well as its configuration options.
This document provides an introduction to Mule, an open-source enterprise service bus (ESB). It discusses what Mule is, how to use it, and some of its core concepts. Mule uses technologies like staged event-driven architecture (SEDA) and Java NIO to process events and messages asynchronously and efficiently. The document then explains Mule concepts like endpoints, transports, connectors, routers, filters, transformers and the universal message object (UMO) that Mule uses to process events through its pipeline. It provides examples of using Mule with file endpoints and XML pipelines.
This document discusses RabbitMQ, an open source message broker implementation of the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP). It provides an overview of AMQP and its key mechanisms including message encoding, flow control, queuing, reliability, and security. RabbitMQ is implemented in Erlang and supports client APIs in several languages including Java. The document describes how to install RabbitMQ, connect to it from a Java client, declare exchanges and queues, publish and receive messages, and use request-response patterns. It also covers message properties, acknowledgements, and reliability concepts in RabbitMQ.
RMI allows Java objects to invoke methods on remote Java objects located in another JVM. It uses stubs and skeletons as proxies for remote objects. The client calls methods on the local stub which forwards the call to the remote skeleton which then calls methods on the actual remote object. Objects must implement the Remote interface and are registered with an RMI registry for lookup. The server implements the remote interface and registers objects with the registry, while the client looks up remote objects from the registry to invoke methods on them.
The document provides an overview of IBM WebSphere MQ (MQ), formerly known as MQSeries. MQ is a message-oriented middleware that provides reliable messaging across platforms. It allows for asynchronous communication through message queues and supports transactions. The core component is the Queue Manager, which controls access to queues and provides administration services.
Mule is an open-source ESB that uses a staged event-driven architecture. It decomposes applications into stages connected by queues to improve performance. Mule also leverages Java NIO for efficient I/O operations using buffers, character encoding, regular expressions, and non-blocking channels. A Mule flow contains various components like endpoints, routers, transformers to receive, process and dispatch messages. Exception strategies define how errors are handled.
This document outlines a 16-session training course on IBM WebSphere MQ. The sessions cover MQ architecture, messaging concepts, objects like queues and channels, distributed queue management, triggering, commands, dead letter queues, utilities, installation, configuration files, clusters, multi-instance usage, and protocols. Hands-on exercises are included to demonstrate topics like one-way and two-way communication, triggering, dead letter queue processing, and how clusters work.
An Introduction to the Message Queuing Technology & IBM WebSphere MQRavi Yogesh
This document provides an introduction to message queuing technology and IBM WebSphere MQ. It discusses the basics of message queuing including message and queue structures, persistence, and types. It then describes how message queuing benefits banking applications by enabling asynchronous communication. The document reviews different message queuing implementations and focuses on IBM WebSphere MQ, describing how it handles over 10 billion messages daily supporting over $1 quadrillion in transactions.
This document provides an overview of WebSphere MQ Administration training notes. It discusses key concepts in message-oriented middleware including messaging, queuing, MQSeries, and the Message Queue Interface. It also describes common MQ objects like queue managers, queues, channels, and messages. The document outlines how applications use MQ calls to connect to queue managers and put and get messages from queues.
The document summarizes various message processors in Mule, including their purpose and example usage. Key message processors described include:
- All - Sends the same message to multiple targets.
- Async - Runs a chain of processors in a separate thread.
- Choice - Sends a message to the first matching processor.
- Collection Aggregator - Groups messages by correlation ID before forwarding.
- Collection Splitter - Splits messages whose payload is a collection.
- Custom processors - Allow custom message processing logic.
- Filtering processors - Filter messages based on properties.
- Routing processors - Route messages in various ways like first successful, round robin, etc.
Spring Integration is a EIP Pattern implementation framework. You can easily do some messaging operations declaratively.
EIP + dependency injection + method invocation
event driven architecture
low coupling and high cohesion
pipes-and-filters architectural design
RMI allows Java objects to call methods on other Java objects running in a different JVM. It works by passing object references between JVMs using marshaling and unmarshaling. Developing an RMI application involves defining a remote interface, implementing that interface in a class, running an RMI registry, starting the server, and having the client lookup and invoke methods on remote objects.
Mule is an open-source ESB that uses a staged event-driven architecture and non-blocking I/O. It allows components to be connected through queues and employs dynamic control to manage load. Mule configurations are defined through XML files and involve endpoints, routers, transformers and other components to route events through the ESB. Exceptions can be handled through defined exception strategies that redirect invalid messages.
This article tries to demystify HTTP, "servlet", "web server", "application server", "servlet container" and gives the fundamentals of the Java Servlet API (that comes with the J2EE SDK).
The document discusses Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI), which allows remote method calls between Java programs. RMI provides a thin client that maximizes hardware investments. It requires objects to be serializable and looked up from a registry. The RMI architecture has four layers - the application layer containing client and server logic, a proxy layer with stubs and skeletons, a transport layer managing connections, and a remote reference layer managing references. Key RMI components are the server containing remote objects, the client invoking methods, and the registry containing object references.
The document discusses Mule message structure and components. A Mule message contains a message object that can include variables, attachments, and exceptions. Properties provide metadata about a message and have inbound and outbound scopes, while variables are temporary user-defined metadata with flow, session, or record scopes. The document describes how to set, access, and transform properties, variables, and the message payload using processors like the Property Transformer, Variable Transformer, and Set Payload transformer.
RabbitMQ is an open-source message broker software written in Erlang. It uses exchanges to route messages from producers to queues based on routing keys or bindings. There are four main exchange types - direct, fanout, topic, and headers. Mule connects to RabbitMQ using the AMQP connector. It can send and receive messages to/from RabbitMQ queues using different exchange types like direct exchanges as demonstrated in the example config with two flows, one to send and one to receive a message.
This document provides an overview of communication models and protocols in distributed systems. It discusses network protocols and standards like TCP and UDP. Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is introduced as a way to invoke procedures on remote machines similarly to local calls. Remote Object Invocation (RMI) expands on this concept by allowing invocation of object methods remotely. Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM) is described as an alternative to client-server models based on message passing. Stream-oriented communication supports continuous media like audio and video. Finally, multicast communication allows one-to-many information dissemination to multiple recipients.
This document provides an overview of the Apache Axis2 web services framework. It discusses the pre-Axis2 era, the motivation for Axis2's architecture, and its key features. These include a high-performance XML processing model, extensible messaging engine, pluggable modules, and easy deployment. Axis2 uses AXIOM for its XML object model and supports features like WS-Addressing, reliable messaging, and security. The document also outlines how Axis2 projects fit together and provides resources for using Axis2 in applications and learning more.
Frequently asked MuleSoft Interview Questions and Answers from TechlightningArul ChristhuRaj Alphonse
MuleSoft Interview Questions and answers from youtube channel Techlightning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqBgT2t6cCQ&list=PLfEAetjBY9s4YdBie3VSpufxNcnC3wJvK
This document provides an overview of the key concepts and architecture of Spring MVC, the model-view-controller framework in Spring. It discusses how Spring MVC handles requests and dispatches them to controller methods, and how controllers select views and expose model objects. It also covers view resolution, form processing, validation, exception handling, and REST support in Spring MVC, as well as its configuration options.
This document provides an introduction to Mule, an open-source enterprise service bus (ESB). It discusses what Mule is, how to use it, and some of its core concepts. Mule uses technologies like staged event-driven architecture (SEDA) and Java NIO to process events and messages asynchronously and efficiently. The document then explains Mule concepts like endpoints, transports, connectors, routers, filters, transformers and the universal message object (UMO) that Mule uses to process events through its pipeline. It provides examples of using Mule with file endpoints and XML pipelines.
This document discusses RabbitMQ, an open source message broker implementation of the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP). It provides an overview of AMQP and its key mechanisms including message encoding, flow control, queuing, reliability, and security. RabbitMQ is implemented in Erlang and supports client APIs in several languages including Java. The document describes how to install RabbitMQ, connect to it from a Java client, declare exchanges and queues, publish and receive messages, and use request-response patterns. It also covers message properties, acknowledgements, and reliability concepts in RabbitMQ.
RMI allows Java objects to invoke methods on remote Java objects located in another JVM. It uses stubs and skeletons as proxies for remote objects. The client calls methods on the local stub which forwards the call to the remote skeleton which then calls methods on the actual remote object. Objects must implement the Remote interface and are registered with an RMI registry for lookup. The server implements the remote interface and registers objects with the registry, while the client looks up remote objects from the registry to invoke methods on them.
The document provides an overview of IBM WebSphere MQ (MQ), formerly known as MQSeries. MQ is a message-oriented middleware that provides reliable messaging across platforms. It allows for asynchronous communication through message queues and supports transactions. The core component is the Queue Manager, which controls access to queues and provides administration services.
Mule is an open-source ESB that uses a staged event-driven architecture. It decomposes applications into stages connected by queues to improve performance. Mule also leverages Java NIO for efficient I/O operations using buffers, character encoding, regular expressions, and non-blocking channels. A Mule flow contains various components like endpoints, routers, transformers to receive, process and dispatch messages. Exception strategies define how errors are handled.
This document outlines a 16-session training course on IBM WebSphere MQ. The sessions cover MQ architecture, messaging concepts, objects like queues and channels, distributed queue management, triggering, commands, dead letter queues, utilities, installation, configuration files, clusters, multi-instance usage, and protocols. Hands-on exercises are included to demonstrate topics like one-way and two-way communication, triggering, dead letter queue processing, and how clusters work.
An Introduction to the Message Queuing Technology & IBM WebSphere MQRavi Yogesh
This document provides an introduction to message queuing technology and IBM WebSphere MQ. It discusses the basics of message queuing including message and queue structures, persistence, and types. It then describes how message queuing benefits banking applications by enabling asynchronous communication. The document reviews different message queuing implementations and focuses on IBM WebSphere MQ, describing how it handles over 10 billion messages daily supporting over $1 quadrillion in transactions.
This document provides an overview of WebSphere MQ Administration training notes. It discusses key concepts in message-oriented middleware including messaging, queuing, MQSeries, and the Message Queue Interface. It also describes common MQ objects like queue managers, queues, channels, and messages. The document outlines how applications use MQ calls to connect to queue managers and put and get messages from queues.
The document summarizes various message processors in Mule, including their purpose and example usage. Key message processors described include:
- All - Sends the same message to multiple targets.
- Async - Runs a chain of processors in a separate thread.
- Choice - Sends a message to the first matching processor.
- Collection Aggregator - Groups messages by correlation ID before forwarding.
- Collection Splitter - Splits messages whose payload is a collection.
- Custom processors - Allow custom message processing logic.
- Filtering processors - Filter messages based on properties.
- Routing processors - Route messages in various ways like first successful, round robin, etc.
Spring Integration is a EIP Pattern implementation framework. You can easily do some messaging operations declaratively.
EIP + dependency injection + method invocation
event driven architecture
low coupling and high cohesion
pipes-and-filters architectural design
RMI allows Java objects to call methods on other Java objects running in a different JVM. It works by passing object references between JVMs using marshaling and unmarshaling. Developing an RMI application involves defining a remote interface, implementing that interface in a class, running an RMI registry, starting the server, and having the client lookup and invoke methods on remote objects.
Mule is an open-source ESB that uses a staged event-driven architecture and non-blocking I/O. It allows components to be connected through queues and employs dynamic control to manage load. Mule configurations are defined through XML files and involve endpoints, routers, transformers and other components to route events through the ESB. Exceptions can be handled through defined exception strategies that redirect invalid messages.
This article tries to demystify HTTP, "servlet", "web server", "application server", "servlet container" and gives the fundamentals of the Java Servlet API (that comes with the J2EE SDK).
The document discusses Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI), which allows remote method calls between Java programs. RMI provides a thin client that maximizes hardware investments. It requires objects to be serializable and looked up from a registry. The RMI architecture has four layers - the application layer containing client and server logic, a proxy layer with stubs and skeletons, a transport layer managing connections, and a remote reference layer managing references. Key RMI components are the server containing remote objects, the client invoking methods, and the registry containing object references.
The document discusses Mule message structure and components. A Mule message contains a message object that can include variables, attachments, and exceptions. Properties provide metadata about a message and have inbound and outbound scopes, while variables are temporary user-defined metadata with flow, session, or record scopes. The document describes how to set, access, and transform properties, variables, and the message payload using processors like the Property Transformer, Variable Transformer, and Set Payload transformer.
RabbitMQ is an open-source message broker software written in Erlang. It uses exchanges to route messages from producers to queues based on routing keys or bindings. There are four main exchange types - direct, fanout, topic, and headers. Mule connects to RabbitMQ using the AMQP connector. It can send and receive messages to/from RabbitMQ queues using different exchange types like direct exchanges as demonstrated in the example config with two flows, one to send and one to receive a message.
This document provides an overview of communication models and protocols in distributed systems. It discusses network protocols and standards like TCP and UDP. Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is introduced as a way to invoke procedures on remote machines similarly to local calls. Remote Object Invocation (RMI) expands on this concept by allowing invocation of object methods remotely. Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM) is described as an alternative to client-server models based on message passing. Stream-oriented communication supports continuous media like audio and video. Finally, multicast communication allows one-to-many information dissemination to multiple recipients.
This document provides an overview of the Apache Axis2 web services framework. It discusses the pre-Axis2 era, the motivation for Axis2's architecture, and its key features. These include a high-performance XML processing model, extensible messaging engine, pluggable modules, and easy deployment. Axis2 uses AXIOM for its XML object model and supports features like WS-Addressing, reliable messaging, and security. The document also outlines how Axis2 projects fit together and provides resources for using Axis2 in applications and learning more.
This document provides an overview of Apache Axis2, including:
- Key features of Axis2 such as speed, low memory footprint, and hot deployment.
- The Axis2 architecture, which separates logic and state into modules including an information model, XML processing model using AXIOM, and SOAP processing model using message pipes.
- Axis2 data binding options such as ADB, XMLBeans, JAXB-RI, and JiBX for serializing objects to XML.
- A sample agenda covering Axis2 clients, implementation, web services concepts, and REST.
Mule ESB is a lightweight Java-based enterprise service bus (ESB) and integration platform that allows developers to connect applications together quickly and easily. It acts as a transit system for carrying data between applications within an enterprise or across the Internet. Mule ESB includes powerful capabilities such as supporting over 30 protocols, simplified POJO-based programming, multiple access points, and extensive out of the box data transformations. Key components of Mule include flows, message processors like transformers and routers, and messages which contain a header and payload.
Mule ESB is a lightweight Java-based enterprise service bus (ESB) and integration platform that allows developers to connect applications together quickly and easily. It acts as a transit system for carrying data between applications within an enterprise or across the Internet. Mule ESB includes powerful capabilities such as supporting over 30 protocols, simplified POJO-based programming, multiple access points, and extensive out of the box data transformations. A key advantage is that it allows different applications to communicate regardless of the technologies used.
This document discusses Mule ESB, including its components and scenarios for use. Mule ESB is a lightweight Java-based enterprise service bus that allows developers to quickly connect and exchange data between applications. It contains three main components - the Package Explorer, Palette, and Canvas. The Palette contains connectors, transformers, and filters that can be dragged onto the Canvas to graphically create integration flows. Several example scenarios are provided, such as picking up an XML file from FTP and placing it in a JMS queue, invoking a web service using a scheduler, and sending email alerts for exceptions.
Mule ESB is a lightweight Java-based integration platform that allows developers to connect applications together through integration patterns like flow-based programming. It provides functionality for service creation and hosting, message routing, data transformation, and mediation between different technologies. Mule ESB uses a visual drag-and-drop interface called Mule Studio for low-code development of integration flows and assets. Key components include endpoints to connect to external systems, transformations to modify message formats, filters to route messages conditionally, and routers to control message flow. Mule applications are deployed to a Mule runtime server for execution.
Spring Integration is an integration framework for Java that supports developing applications based on Enterprise Integration Patterns using pipelines of out-of-the-box components. Components interact by passing messages between endpoints through communication channels. Channels connect endpoints and can be defined as Spring beans. Endpoints include adapters, gateways, routers, filters, transformers, splitters and aggregators that process messages.
Mule ESB is a lightweight Java-based integration platform that allows different applications to communicate with each other by acting as a transit system for carrying data between applications. It supports over 30 protocols and technologies and includes powerful capabilities like acting as a single point of access, transaction manager, and security manager. Mule ESB uses flows to process messages where each message passes through a sequence of message processors like transformers, filters, routers, and components. Key elements of Mule messages include properties, variables, payload, and attachments.
The document describes the key concepts and components in Mule including:
- The Mule model layer represents the runtime environment that hosts services and defines how Mule processes requests.
- A Mule service processes particular requests through configuration that determines which components from different layers will process incoming messages.
- The transport layer uses connectors, endpoints, and transformers to receive and send messages via different protocols like file, JDBC, HTTP, and JMS.
- Routers control the flow of messages through services, acting like switches to route messages to the correct endpoints and destinations. Components implement business logic on incoming events.
This document provides an overview of the internal architecture and concepts of the WSO2 Enterprise Service Bus (ESB). It begins with the ESB internal architecture including the synapse runtime and how it uses transports and the Axis2 engine. It then covers topics like solving common integration problems through message transformations and validation. It also discusses extending the ESB with custom code like class mediators and scheduler tasks. Finally, it provides examples of using ESB connectors for cloud to cloud and on-premise integrations and provides guidance on writing a custom connector.
The document provides an overview of MQ Series and JMS messaging technologies. It describes key concepts in messaging like queues, messages, and message properties. It then details features of MQ Series including queue managers, queues, channels, and the MQI API. Finally it covers Java Message Service (JMS) including its programming model, message types, and how JMS clients function as producers and consumers.
Web services allow electronic devices to communicate over the World Wide Web by utilizing web technologies like HTTP for machine-to-machine communication. A web service typically provides an object-oriented interface to a database server that is used by other web servers or mobile applications. Common applications include mashups where a web server consumes multiple web services and compiles the content into a single user interface.
How the WSO2 ESB outperforms other major open source esb vendorsWSO2
WSO2 ESB outperforms other open source ESBs through its use of specialized transports like the Pass Through Transport (PTT) and optimizations like streaming XPath and FAST XSLT. Benchmark tests showed WSO2 ESB 4.6 handling over 2,500 concurrent connections with minimal latency, outperforming competitors. While performance is important, WSO2 ESB is also enterprise-ready, part of a complete middleware platform, and offers PaaS deployment and 100% open source software.
The document discusses Mule Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), which is a lightweight Java-based integration platform that allows applications to connect and exchange data quickly regardless of their underlying technologies. Mule ESB acts as a transit system carrying data between applications within or across organizations. It supports over 30 protocols and includes capabilities for data transformation, routing, and connecting applications through simple configuration.
This document discusses .NET remoting and serialization. It begins by introducing application domains and distributed applications in .NET. It then covers the key concepts and components of .NET remoting including remoting namespaces, remotable objects, channels, formatters, and object lifetime management using leases. The document also compares .NET remoting to web services and discusses object marshalling and serialization.
The document discusses core concepts in Mule including:
- The model layer represents the runtime environment that hosts services and defines Mule's behavior when processing requests.
- Services are composed of Mule entities that process requests in predefined ways based on a service's configuration.
- Transports handle message receiving and sending using connectors, endpoints, and optional transformers.
- Connectors control usage of protocols, endpoints define entry/exit points, and transformers optionally change message formats.
- Routers control message flow by routing to appropriate endpoints, filters optionally filter messages, and components execute business logic.
The document provides an overview of core concepts in Mule including the model layer, services, transports, connectors, endpoints, transformers, routers, filters, and components. The model layer defines Mule's runtime environment and behavior for processing asynchronous messages. Services are composed of Mule entities that process specific requests defined by a configuration. Transports handle message receiving and sending via connectors like File, JDBC, HTTP, etc. Endpoints define entry and exit points for messages. Transformers optionally change message formats. Routers control message flow. Filters optionally filter incoming/outgoing messages. Components contain business logic.
Middleware in Distributed System-RPC,RMIPrajakta Rane
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) and Remote Method Invocation (RMI) allow processes to execute procedures or methods remotely. RPC uses client and server stubs to marshal and unmarshal parameters and results as messages are passed between client and server. RMI is similar but uses object-oriented programming and passes objects rather than data structures. Both provide abstraction and enable distributed applications but RMI has lower overhead and is easier to program. Middleware like RPC, RMI, message queues, and MPI support various types of communication between distributed processes.
This document provides an overview of the core concepts in Mule ESB, including models, services, transports, connectors, endpoints, transformers, routers, filters, and components. The model layer defines Mule's runtime environment and behavior. Services are composed of Mule entities that process requests. Transports handle message receiving and sending via connectors like File, JDBC, HTTP, and JMS. Endpoints define entry and exit points for messages. Transformers optionally change message formats. Routers control message flow. Filters restrict messages. And components contain business logic.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
2. Flow of Discussion… Introduction Features Architecture Module Development Usefulness Conclusion
3. Introduction: Apache Axis2/C is a Web services engine implemented in the C programming language. Apache Axis2/C can be used to provide and consume Web Services. It has been implemented with portability and ability to embed in mind, hence could be used as a Web services enabler in other software. The extensible design allows it to support the full WS-* stack with the concept of modules. Apache Axis2/C is the Web services engine that supports the most number of WS-* specification implementations in C, with guaranteed interoperability.
4. Features: Support for one-way messaging (In-Only) and request response messaging (In-Out). Client APIs: Easy to use service client API and more advanced operation client API. Module architecture, mechanism to extend the SOAP processing model. WS-Addressing support, both the submission (2004/08) and final (2005/08) versions, implemented as a module, MTOM/XOP support. XPathsupport for Axiom XML Object model. AXIOM, an XML object model optimized for SOAP 1.1/1.2 messages; This has complete XML infosetsupport.
5. Transport proxy support. REST support (more POX like) using both HTTP POST and GET . WS-Policy implementation called Neethi/C, with WS-SecurityPolicyextension. TCP Transport, for both client and server side . Transports supported: HTTP Inbuilt HTTP server called simple axis server Apache2 httpd module called mod_axis2 for server side IIS module for server side. Supports IIS 5.1, 6 and 7 Client transport with ability to enable SSL support Basic HTTP Authentication AMQP Transport based on Apache Qpid (Experimental) libcurl based client transport CGI interface
6. Architecture: The Big Picture… Each SOAP Node may be written in specific programming language, may it be Java, C++, .NET or Perl, but the Web services allow them to interoperate. This is possible because on the wire each Web service interaction is done via SOAP, which is common to every SOAP Node.
7. Axis2 architecture lays out some principals to preserve the uniformity. They are as follows: Axis2 architecture separates the logic and the states. Code that does the processing does not have a state inside Axis2. This allows code to be executed freely by parallel threads. All the information is kept in one information model, allowing the system to be suspended and resumed.
8.
9. Core Modules: Information Model: Axis2 defines a model to handle information and all states are kept in this model. The model consists of a hierarchy of information. The system manages the life cycle of the objects in this hierarchy. Information Model has two main hierarchies-Contexts and Descriptions. These two hierarchies create a model that provides the ability to search for key value pairs.
10.
11.
12. XML Processing Model: AXIOM(Axis Object Model) – AXIOM is a lightweight, differed built XML infoset representation based on StAX API derived from JSR 173, which is the standard streaming pull parser API. FEATURES: Lightweight Pull - Based
13. SOAP Processing Model: The architecture identified two basic actions a SOAP processor should perform, sending and receiving SOAP messages. The architecture provides two Pipes ('Flows'), to perform these two basic actions. The Axis Engine or the driver of Axis2 defines two methods send() and receive() to implement these two Pipes. The two pipes are named In Pipe and Out Pipe, and the complex Message Exchange Patterns (MEPs) are constructed by combining these two pipes.
14. Axis2 Default Processing Model: Axis2 has some inbuilt handlers that run in inbuilt phases and they create the default configuration for Axis2. We will be looking more in to how to extend the default processing Model in the next section. There are three special handlers defined in Axis2. Dispatchers - Finds the service and the operation the SOAP message is directed to. Dispatchers always run on the In-Pipe and inside the Dispatch phase. The in-built dispatchers dispatch to a particular operation depending on various conditions like WS-Addressing information, URI information, SOAP action information, etc. ( See more information on Dispatching) Message Receiver - Consumes the SOAP message and hands it over to the application. The message receiver is the last handler of the in-pipe Transport Sender - Sends the SOAP message to the SOAP endpoint the message is destined to. Always runs as the last handler in the out-pipe
15. Processing an Incoming SOAP Message: An incoming SOAP message is always received by a Transport Receiver waiting for the SOAP messages. Once the SOAP message arrives, the transport Headers are parsed and a Message Context is created from the incoming SOAP message. This message context encapsulates all the information, including the SOAP message itself, transport headers, etc., inside it. Then the In Pipe is executed with the Message Context.
16. Let us see what happens at each phase of the execution. This process can happen in the server or in the client. Transport Phase - The handlers are in the phase that processes transport specific information such as validating incoming messages by looking at various transport headers, adding data into message context, etc. Pre-Dispatch Phase- The main functionality of the handlers in this phase is to populate message context to do the dispatching. For example, processing of addressing headers of the SOAP message, if any, happens in this phase. Addressing handlers extract information and put them in to the message context. Dispatch Phase - The Dispatchers run in this phase and try to find the correct service and operation this particular message is destined for.The post condition of the dispatch phase (any phase can contain a post condition) checks whether a service and an operation were found by the dispatchers. If not, the execution will halt and give a "service not found' error. User Defined Phases - Users can engage their custom handlers here. Message Validation Phase - Once the user level execution has taken place, this phase validates whether SOAP Message Processing has taken place correctly. Message Processing Phase - The Business logic of the SOAP message is executed here. A Message Receiver is registered with each Operation. This message receiver (associated to the particular operation) will be executed as the last handler of this phase.
17. Processing of the Outgoing Message: The Out Pipe is simpler because the service and the operation to dispatch are known by the time the pipe is executed. The Out Pipe may be initiated by the Message Receiver or the Client API implementation. Phases of the Out Pipe are described below: Message Initialize Phase - First phase of the Out Pipe. Serves as the placeholder for the custom handlers. User Phases - Executes handlers in user-defined phases. Transports Phase - Executes any transport handlers taken from the associated transport configuration. The last handler would be a transport sender which will send the SOAP message to the target endpoint.
18. Extending the SOAP Processing Model with Handlers: The handlers in a module can specify the phase they need to be placed in. Furthermore, they can specify their location inside a phase by providing phase rules. Phase rules will place a handler, as the first handler in a phase, as the last handler in a phase, before a given handler, or after a given handler.
19. Extending the SOAP Processing Model with Modules Axis2 defines an entity called a 'module' that can introduce handlers and Web service operations. A Module in terms of Axis2 usually acts as a convenient packaging that includes: A set of handlers and An associated descriptor which includes the phase rules Modules have the concept of being 'available' and 'engaged'. 'Availability' means the module is present in the system, but has not been activated, The handlers will act in the same way as explained in the previous section. Usually a module will be used to implement a WS-* functionality such as WS-Addressing.
20. Deployment Model: The Deployment Model provides a concrete mechanism to configure Axis2. This model has three entities that provide the configuration. The axis2.xml file Service Archive Module Archive
21. Client API There are three parameters that decide the nature of the Web service interaction. Message Exchange Pattern (MEP) The behavior of the transport, whether it's One-Way or Two-Way Synchronous/ Asynchronous behavior of the Client API.
22. Message Exchange pattern(MEP) The two supported MEPs are One-Way and the In-Out (Request-Response) scenarios in the Client API. One Way Messaging Support: The One-Way support is provided by the fireAndForget method of ServiceClient. For one way invocations, one can use HTTP , SMTP and TCP transports. In the case of the HTTP transport, the return channel is not used, and the HTTP 202 OK is returned in the return channel. In-Out (Request Response) Messaging Support: The In-Out support is provided by the sendReceive() method in ServiceClient. This provides a simpler interface for the user. The Client API has four ways to configure a given message exchange. Blocking or Non-Blocking nature Sender transport Listener transport Use Separate Channel
23. Transports Axis2 has two basic constructs for transports, namely: Transport Senders and Transport Receivers. Axis2 presently supports the following transports: HTTP - In HTTP transport, the transport listener is a servlet or org.apache.axis2.transport.http.SimpleHTTPServer provided by Axis2. The transport sender uses commons-httpclient to connect and send the SOAP message. TCP - This is the simplest transport, but needs the WS - Addressing support to be functional. SMTP - This works off a single email account. Transport receiver is a thread that checks for emails in fixed time intervals. JMS
26. The following databinding extensions are available: ADB - ADB (Axis Data Binding ) is a simple framework that allows simple schemas to be compiled. It is lightweight and simple, works off StAX and fairly performant. However, it does not support the complete set of schema constructs and is likely to complain for certain schemas! XMLBeans - XMLbeans claims that it supports the complete schema specification, and it is preferred if full schema support is needed! JAX-Me - JaxMe support has been added in a similar manner to XMLbeans and serves as another option for the user JibX - This is the most recent addition to the family of databinding extensions, and it is also another option the users have for data binding.
Editor's Notes
( A ----<> B says, B has 1 or more objects of A. A------>B says, the given relationship holds between A and B.)
There may be other handlers in any of these phases. Users may use custom handlers to override the mechanics in each of these phases.
First, an AxisService is populated from a WSDL. Then the code generator extracts information from the AxisService and creates an XML, which is language independent. This emitted XML is then parsed with the relevant XSL to generate code for the relevant language.
Databinding has not been included in the core deliberately, and hence the code generation allows different data binding frameworks to be plugged in. This is done through an extension mechanism where the codegen engine first calls the extensions and then executes the core emitter.