This document provides an overview of Amazon Web Services (AWS) CloudFront and Elastic Transcoder services for media streaming. It discusses how CloudFront can be used to deliver live and video on demand streaming content globally through its edge network. Elastic Transcoder is introduced as a scalable media transcoding service on AWS. Examples are given of NASA, PBS, and Netflix using AWS for large-scale media delivery and streaming. The document concludes with architectures for implementing live streaming and video on demand services using AWS services like CloudFront, S3, and Elastic Transcoder.

1. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS를 활용한 미디어 스트리밍 서비스
CloudFront and Elastic Transcoder
[이수형수석 / Solutions Architect / niclee@amazon.com]
03/27/2014 1

2. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Agenda
Overviews
• CloudFront
• Elastic Transcoder
• Media Use Case
Media Streaming Services
• Live streaming
• Video-on-Demand streaming

3. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
CloudFront

4. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront
Whole site (Dynamic & Static) delivery
Live and Video on Demand Adaptive Bitrate and RTMP Streaming
HTTP/HTTPS File Delivery
Low Minimum Content Expiration Periods (Zero seconds)
AWS Management Console Support
Full control via APIs
Programmatic/Console Invalidation
Industry-compliant, detailed Access Logs
Private Content for Increased Security
Price Classes for Cost Optimization
Cookie Support

5. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – How it works : Non-cached object
S3, ELB, EC2
or custom origin
CloudFront
Edge
End users
LOCAL
International
route
Overseas
location
scoreboard.jpg

6. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – How it works : Non-cached object
S3, ELB, EC2
or custom origin
CloudFront
Edge
End users
1. Request routed
to most optimal
edge location
LOCAL
International
route
Overseas
location

7. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – How it works : Non-cached object
S3, ELB, EC2
or custom origin
CloudFront
Edge
End users
2. If content not
cached – object
requested from origin
1. Request routed
to most optimal
edge location
LOCAL
International
route
Overseas
location

8. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – How it works : Non-cached object
S3, ELB, EC2
or custom origin
CloudFront
Edge
End users
3. Data transfer of
content to CloudFront
edge location to cache
2. If content not
cached – object
requested from origin
1. Request routed
to most optimal
edge location
LOCAL
International
route
Overseas
location

9. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – How it works : Non-cached object
S3, ELB, EC2
or custom origin
CloudFront
Edge
End users
4. Data transfer of
cached content to
end user
3. Data transfer of
content to CloudFront
edge location to cache
2. If content not
cached – object
requested from origin
1. Request routed
to most optimal
edge location
LOCAL
International
route
Overseas
location

10. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – How it works : Cached object
S3, ELB, EC2
or custom origin
CloudFront
Edge
End users
LOCAL
International
route
Overseas
location
scoreboard.jpg

11. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – How it works : Cached object
S3, ELB, EC2
or custom origin
CloudFront
Edge
End users
1. Request routed
to most optimal
edge location
LOCAL
International
route
Overseas
location

12. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – How it works : Cached object
S3, ELB, EC2
or custom origin
CloudFront
Edge
End users
2. Data transfer of
cached content to
end user
1. Request routed
to most optimal
edge location
LOCAL
International
route
Overseas
location

13. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront
10 AWS Regions
50+ AWS Edge Locations
Seoul CloudFront
Edge

14. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront
London
Paris
NY
Served from S3
/images/*
3
Served from EC2
*.php
2
Single CNAME
www.mysite.com
1
Amazon CloudFront
World-wide content distribution network
Easily distribute content to end users with
low latency, high data transfer speeds, and
no commitments.
Static, Dynamic & Streaming Content
Static Contents
Dynamic
Contents

15. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – Dynamic Contents
Dynamic content is the interactive or personalized portion of
a website, created on-the-fly for each end user
• News
• Weather
• Sports
• Social media
• Advertising
• Travel

16. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – Dynamic Contents
• Simple DIY configuration with web console
• No consultants to hire, No proprietary languages to learn
Simple to
Use
• Connections to AWS regions closely monitored
• Standard AWS resources (like CloudFormation)
• Designed to work with origins in Amazon EC2
AWS
Integration
• No additional charges or set up fees
• Pay only for requests and data transfer
Low Cost
• Multiple Cache Behaviors, Minimum Expiration Period
• Multiple Origin Servers Origin Connection Protocol, Query String Parameters
• Viewer Connection Protocol ∙ Cookie Support
Features

17. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – Streaming Services
High internet bandwidth platform
EC2 scalability & pricing model
• Use it only when you need it
• No need to over-commit HW or infrastructure: Grow as needed
ECO System & license flexibility
• Streaming solution partners
• DRM solution partners
• BYOL and Pay-as-you-go
If requirement fits…
• No commitment CDN service as CloudFront
• Use S3 as unlimited contents storage ( 99.999999999% durability)
• Easy and fully managed CloudFront + S3 VoD + Elastic Transcoder platform

18. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – Media Security Requirements
AWS alignment to MPAA Security Best Practices reviewed
October 2012
Based on AWS Shared Responsibility Model
AWS Services In Scope
• Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), Simple Storage Service (S3),
Elastic Block Storage (EBS), Relational Database Service (RDS), DynamoDB, VM Import, Elastic
Load Balancing (ELB), Identity and Access Management (IAM), CloudFront, Glacier, AWS
Import/Export, Direct Connect, Route 53, Elastic Transcoder, and the supporting data centers
Content Types In Scope
• RAW master, high/low-resolution, watermarked/spoiled, full/partial feature content, stills, clips,
frames, shots, sequences, scripts, storyboards as well as production and post-production
deliverable formats in pre-and post-theatrical release windows

19. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS CloudFront – Partner Ecosystems

20. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Elastic Transcoder

21. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Scalable Transcoding Architecture
Simple
Storage
Service
EBS
Instance
Store
EC2
Virtual
Servers
AMI

22. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Elastic Transcoder
Simple
Storage
Service
EBS
Instance
Store
EC2
Virtual
Servers
AMI
AWS Elastic Transcoder
Easy-to-use scalable media transcoding

23. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS Elastic Transcoder Service
Amazon
S3 Input Bucket
Amazon
S3 Output Bucket
Digital Media
Source Asset
Digital Media
Destination Asset
AWS Elastic Transcoder
• Different bit rate
• Different frame rate
• Max width / height
• Different sizing policy
• Different Aspect ratio
Multiple types of transcoding at once
& only pay for the minutes of the content

24. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS Elastic Transcoder Service - Details
Reduce cost
• No more CapEx (server / storage / network and DC requirement)
• No more OpEx (operations / maintenance and management)
• Unlimited storage with S3 with 99.999999999% of durability @ no extra cost (better durability than
“most” traditional DR solution) + Unlimited archiving with Glacier
• Only pay for “how many minutes” you transcoded
Enhance security
• Data at rest for S3 storage
• IAM to manage the resource access management
• Visual watermarking for transcoded media content
• Security eco systems with AWS partners
Configurable transcoding presets
• Container: MP4 / TS / WebM
• Video: H.264 / vp8
• Audio: AAS / vorbis
• Presets : up to 4 images (jpg / png)

25. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Media Use Case

26. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Pay as you go

27. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
NASA’s JPL used AWS to stream the images
and video associated with Curiosity’s landing
targeting hundreds of thousands viewer.
They developed set of EC2 Nginx cache Tier
with CloudFormation to handle 25Gbps
streaming each. They provisioned capacity
with monitoring the actual usage.
Mars Science Laboratory

28. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Corporate website, 40 producer websites,
streaming for iPhone and iPad applications
Use Amazon EC2, Amazon S3, Amazon RDS,
and stream 1.5 PB/m on Amazon
CloudFront
Business Benefits
• Launched and scaled multiple media
services quickly
• Improved server set-up time from months
to 15 minutes
• Improved reliability to 99.99%
PBS Online and Mobile Media on AWS
“I can’t imagine having been able to do very many of the things that we’ve done, in the
timeframe that we’ve done them, without the benefit of a platform like this.”
– Jon Brendsel, VP, Products

29. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
More than 25 Million Streaming Members
50 Billion Events Per Day
30 Million plays every day
2 billion hours of video in 3 months
4 million ratings per day
3 million searches
Device location , time , day,
week etc.
Social data

30. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Netflix Runs Nearly 100% of its Online Video
Service on AWS, Achieves Near Zero
Downtime
Global Use of Amazon EC2, Amazon S3,
Amazon SQS, Amazon EMR
Business Benefits
• Application achieves near zero downtime
• Sales to handle Netflix’s rapid online
growth, 37x in 2010, over 20B requests
per month by Jan 2011
Netflix on AWS
“AWS is the market leader and has been able to create a continuous and virtuous cycle.”
– Kevin McEntee, VP Content Engineering, Netflix

31. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
AWS Strengths for Streaming Services
High internet bandwidth platform
EC2 scalability & pricing model
• Use it only when you need it
• No need to over-commit HW or infrastructure: Grow as needed
ECO System & license flexibility
• Streaming solution partners
• DRM solution partners
• BYOL and Pay-as-you-go
If requirement fits…
• No commitment CDN service as CloudFront
• Use S3 as unlimited contents storage ( 99.999999999% durability)
• Easy and fully managed CloudFront + S3 VoD + Elastic Transcoder platform

32. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Live Streaming

33. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Global Live Streaming Architecture
AWS Cloud
Corporate Data center
Or Live Event Place
Virtual Private Cloud
Streaming
server
Live
Encoder
CAM-1
CAM-2
CAM-3
CloudFront
Edge
EdgeEdge Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
PC
Mobile
OTT
PC
Mobile
OTT
S3
Internet
Internet
LOGS
LOGS
LOGS
1. Capture live event via
cameras
2. Video editing before
streaming
3. Feed edited live event
to encoder at the site
4. Encode the live event
and transmit to
streaming server on
AWS cloud
5. Streaming server
forwards contents to
the edge cache server
6. Streaming server saves
the contents to the file
7. End-user watches the
live events delivered
from edge servers
9. Saved contents get
stored in S3 for
durability and
transcoding if
necessary
8. End-devices pushes
logs to S3 for data
analysis

34. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Video-on-Demand

35. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Global Video-on-Demand Streaming Architecture
AWS Cloud Corporate Data center
CloudFront
Edge
EdgeEdge Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
PC
Mobile
OTT
PC
Mobile
OTT
1. Content owner copies
the media content to S3
via StorageGateway or
Data Import/Export
service provided by
AWS
2. Media contents are
transcoded using
Elastic Transcoder if
necessary
3. CloudFront is
configured for the
distribution of digital
contents
4. When end-users sends
request for VoD
streaming, it is served
by closest edge cache
server
5. PC / Smart devices or
OTT sends out logs to
S3 for data analysis
Content
MGMT
Storage
Gateway
S3
LOGS
LOGS
LOGS
LOGS

36. © 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
감사합니다.
[이수형수석 / Solutions Architect / niclee@amazon.com]
03/27/2014 36