The document discusses the autoclave, a pressurized device used to sterilize equipment and materials. It provides a definition, brief history from its development by Papin in the 17th century to refinement by Chamberland in the late 19th century. The document explains that an autoclave heats water above its normal boiling point under pressure, allowing sterilization. It concludes by listing fields like microbiology and medicine where autoclaves are commonly used.

1. Autoclave By: Carolina Gallango-Brun Sana Khan Vedrana Sahovic

2. Definition Autoclave is a pressurized device designed to heat aqueous solutions above their boiling point at normal atmospheric pressure to achieve sterilization Fig. 1. Autoclave machine

3. Brief History 1450 B.C.E. Moses 460-377 B.C.E. Hippocrates Lazzaro Spallanzani Pasteur Denis Papin Fig. 2. Papin’s steam cooker

4. 20th Century It was finalized by Charles Chamberland in 1987 Colleague of Pasteur Building up on Papin’s marmite From culinary to medicine Fig. 3. Charles Chamberland 1851-1908

5. How Des it Works? Liquid H2O cannot be heated above 100°C in an open vessel At 100°C boils H2O heated in a sealed vessel Pressure rises Boiling point of H2O is raised

6. The Process Air removal Downward displacement Steam pulsing Vacuums pumps Superatmospheric Subatmospheric

7. Autoclave Usage Microbiology Medicine Body piercing Veterinary science Dentistry Podiatry Metallurgy …

8. Video Clip

9. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoclave http://138.23.152.128/protocols/autoclave%20operation.pdf