1. AUTISM
(Autism Spectrum Disorder)
DR V R BHAGAT
(MD. PAEDIATRICS)
(State Master Trainer - RBSK, RI & CCH, IMNCI, F-IMNCI, IYCF, FBm-SAM CG.)
CHILD SPECIALIST & DISTRICT CHILD HEALTH OFFICER DISTRICT-RAIPUR
Prepared & Presented
BY
2. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
What are Autism Spectrum Disorders?
• A range of complex neuro-developmental
disorders caused by a problem with the brain.
• Disorders are characterized by -
Social impairments,
Communication difficulties, and
Restricted, Repetitive, and
Stereotyped patterns of Behavior
5. Social Communication & Interaction
A. Persistent deficits in social communication and
social interaction across contexts, not accounted
for by general developmental delays, and
manifest by all 3 of the following:
1. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity; ranging from
abnormal social approach and failure of normal back
and forth conversation through reduced sharing of
interests, emotions, and affect and response to total
lack of initiation of social interaction.
6. Behaviors, Interests, Activities
B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or
activities as manifested by at least two of the following:
1. Stereotyped or repetitive speech, motor movements,
or use of objects; (such as simple motor stereotypies, echolalia,
repetitive use of objects, or idiosyncratic phrases).
• People with ASDs may spend a lot of time repeatedly flapping their arms
or rocking from side to side.
• They might repeatedly turn a light on and off or spin the wheels of a toy
car, in front of their eyes.
• These types of activities are known as self-stimulation or “stimming.”
7. 2. Excessive adherence to routines, ritualized
patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior, or
excessive resistance to change;
(such as motoric rituals, insistence on same
route or food, repetitive questioning or
extreme distress at small changes).
8. Behaviors, Interests, Activities —
(continued)
3. Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in
intensity or focus; (such as strong attachment to or
preoccupation with unusual objects, excessively circumscribed
or perseverative interests).
4. Hyper-or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest
in sensory aspects of environment; (such as apparent
indifference to pain/heat/cold, adverse response to specific
sounds or textures, excessive smelling or touching of objects,
fascination with lights or spinning objects).
10. In General...
Children with an autism spectrum disorder might:
Not play “pretend” games (pretend to “feed” a doll);
Not point at objects to show interest
(point at an airplane flying over);
Not look at objects when another person points
at them;
Have trouble relating to others or not have
an interest in other people, at all;
11. Avoid eye contact and want to be alone
Have trouble understanding other people’s feelings
or talking about their own feelings;
Prefer not to be held or cuddled or might like to be
cuddled only when they want to;
Appear to be unaware when other people talk to them
but, respond to other sounds;
Conti............
12. Be very interested in people, but not know how to
talk to, play with, or relate to them;
Repeat or echo words or phrases said to them,
or repeat words or phrases in place of normal
language (echolalia);
Have trouble expressing their needs using typical
words or motions;
Repeats actions over and over again;
Conti............
13. Have trouble adapting to changes in routine;
Have unusual reactions to the way things smell,
taste, look, feel, or sound;
Lose skills they once had (for instance, stop saying
words they were once using);
Talk to your child’s doctor if your child loses skills,
at any age.
Conti............
14.
15. Red Flags in Young Children
• No big smiles or other warm, joyful
expressions by six months or thereafter
• No back-and-forth sharing of sounds, smiles,
or other facial expressions by nine months or
thereafter
• No babbling by 12 months
• No back-and-forth gestures, such as pointing,
showing, reaching, or waving by 12 months
16. More Red Flags
• No words by 16 months
• No two-word meaningful phrases (without
imitating or repeating) by 24 months
• Any loss of speech or babbling or social skills
at any age
.
17. 15-18 Months
Does your child other children look in your eyes for more than a
second or two(poor eye co-ordinance)?
Does your child ever use his/her index finger to point to ask for
something?
Have you ever wondered that your child is deaf or is not responding
to his/her name when you call (not communicating ever through
gestures)?
18-24 Months
Does your child take an interest in other children or play with other
children?
Does your child make unusual finger movement/repetitive hand and
body movements like finger wriggling/flapping/jumping(repeated
purposeless motor activity)?
Does your child ever pretend play (talk on phone/take care of dolls)?
