Autism Spectrum Disability Study

Autism Spectrum Disability Study
Autism spectrum disorder (AD) is a complex developmental disability. The signs of autism usually
appear during a child's early years. Autism can affect one's communication skills and the ability to
interact with others. Autism is defined as impairment in social interactions (nonverbal behavior, peer
relationships, shared enjoyment, and social/emotional reciprocity), communicate (spoken language,
sustained conversations, idiosyncratic or stereotyped language, make believe, or social play), and
restricted patterns of be behavior (all encompassing preoccupation, adherence to routines, repetitive
movements, preoccupation with parts of things), as well as delay in social interaction, social
communication, or imaginative play prior to age three years. ... Show more content on
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It results from a neurological disorder that affects that typical performance of the brain that in a time
long impacts the child's communication and social interactions. Both adults and children show
difficulty in both verbal and non–verbal communication, in the playing activities and their social
interactions. Therefore, the iPad can be a learning tool for students with Autism because of the
available tools that support learning activities for children. The purpose of the research is to know
what impact the iPad has on the learning activities for children with autism and the different ways
the iPad can be used to enhance learning for children.
Technology has rapidly changed the way teachers deliver content, the way they engage with the
students and on how they manage the classroom. The introduction of new technology such as the
iPad has greater implications in educational sector because makes education more accessible,
mobile and portable. The functional features in iPad such as the accessibility features, processor
speed, and other available application make a good framework for school curriculum. Despite the
fact that other schools try to fight the use of electronic devices in the classroom, some are embracing
the current advancement in technology and accept the incorporation of the devices to
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Autism Spectrum Disorder
According to DSM–5's classification, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to various types of
autistic disorder, including Autism, Asperger's Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and
Rett's Disorder (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Although all ASD patients may
have the same inability in performing certain skills, they suffer from different degree of sth .ASD
are the lifelong neurodevelopmental severity of the impairments that affect humans' communication
skills and social skills but the degree are varied amongst different patients (). Since the early life of
autistic children, they started to display behavioural disturbances in social and emotion level (e.g.
lack of interest in socializing), delay in language ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to a research from Osterling and Dawson (1994), they discovered that the autistic
children failed to use pointing, gesturing or eye contact when performing the task with their peers,
forbidding the usage of joint attention in non–verbal communication. While the non–clinical group
could demonstrate their non–verbal skills on gesturing by the end of age 1, which was another
evidence to prove their social skills were better than the autistic counterpart. In short, the ASD
patients had delayed development on both verbal and non–verbal skills, resulting in their poor social
skills and relationship with peers.
With a view to diagnosing whether a child is suffered from ASD, advancing diagnostic evaluation is
a must. The widely accepted symptoms of Autism are depicted by DSM–5 categorization: ASD
patients start to develop autism disorder since their early life, resulting in impairing social skills to
sustain a reciprocal relationship and forming repetitive behaviour, which affect their daily
functioning (APA, 2013). Psychologists evaluate ones' condition through upon behavioural
assessment, and they rely on it to execute different types of psychological intervention, including
drug treatment, behavioural training and inclusion strategies on dfdfd to integrate soc.
To

Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Assignment 2
Part A.
Classroom engagement is always a key issue to rookie teachers. There are various types of learner
exist within a classroom and they each need to be treated differently. As teachers, we need to raise
our awareness of the attributes, competencies and challenges for each of those different learner types
in order to engage them in the class. This portfolio will introduce Autism Spectrum Disorder,
Hearing Impairment, Gifted and Talented Students and Challenging Behaviour in the classroom as
example of various learner types and discuss learning competencies and challenges, and then
provide possible engagement strategies for each of those learner types. Part B of this portfolio will
discuss four teaching strategies that are likely to engage students with autism spectrum disorder.
"Autism Spectrum Disorder" (ASD) is a developmental condition that will impair individuals'
communication ability and social interaction with others. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder
will more lilely to have restricted and repetitive behaviour or interest (Dawson & Osterling, 1997).
Dawson & Osterling then further added that students with autism spectrum disorder are often more
passive and more likely to be disengaged than their peers. Even when engaged, those students often
engage to object rather than people or surrounding enviroment (eg. class). This means students with
autism spectrum disorder will have significantly less interaction with

Autism Spectrum Decisions
People with Autism Spectrum Conditions Make More Consistent Decisions Introduction It is known
that people with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) have atypical interpretations of local
information, as they isolate local information from its context. For purposes of this experiment, the
investigators were interested in knowing whether the reduced context sensitivity that people with
ASC have, affects their decision–making skills. It has been stated that a person capable of making
rational choices between two items should not be influenced by a third item. However, it is known
that decisions made by neurotypical adults are strongly influenced by third cues. This is due to the
inability to perceive an item independently from the other options. ... Show more content on
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Six of the ten trials included a third object that was significantly better than the other two products,
these were called the catch trials. The pairs, and the catch trials were showed in different web sites
along with the description of each product. Participants clicked on the product they thought was the
best one. In the second study, adults with high and low scores of AQ were being analyzed. The low–
AQ group consisted of 85 males, 90 females, and 1 participant who didn't declare a gender. The ages
of the participants ranged from 19–75, and their AQ scores ranged from 37 to 54. The high–AQ
group consisted of 112 males and 82 females. The ages of the participants ranged from 20 to 69 and
their AQ scores ranged from 79 to 107 (Farmer et. al, 2017, p.1070). Participants got the same
stimuli as the first study, that is in different websites they got to click whatever product they thought
was the best. Results Responses to the pairs of products were assigned to one of four categories:
Consistent choices, Attraction–effects preference reversals, non–attraction preference reversals, and
Decoy selections. Consistent choices, were those participants that chose the same product regardless
of the number of trials and the trick factors that were presented to them (i.e. the third product). The
attraction–effects preference reversals, were those participants that changed the product they had
chosen once the

Autism
You hear the term Autism everywhere, but what is it truly. Autism is a developmental disability; it is
not just a single disorder but many disorders that associate with each other. There are different types
of autism; the behaviors differ from child to child, parents find it hard to notice abnormal behaviors
in babies. With autism parents should not look for abnormal behaviors but normal behaviors that the
child has just completely stopped doing. Autism can be caused by many things but it is hard to pin
point the exact cause in a child. There are ways to get your baby or toddler diagnosed and the sooner
the better. When your baby or toddler gets diagnosed there will never be a cure but there are
treatments to get your child the help ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the baby does not make eye contact during such things as feedings but did before, does not smile
when being smiled at, doesn't reach to be picked up, doesn't play with other people or share interest
in enjoyment, doesn't make noises to get your attention, doesn't follow the gesture when you point
things out, doesn't follow objects visually, doesn't respond to his/her name, doesn't point or wave
goodbye or use other gestures to communicate. If you think your child could have autism you
should make an appointment with their health care provider. "Early detection is key, monitor your
child's development, take action if you are concerned, do not accept and wait to see what happens
and if you think something is wrong take

Electromagnetic Spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum is made up of six different types of waves. Radio waves,
Microwaves, Infrared waves, Visible light, Ultraviolet light, X–rays and Gamma rays. The radio
waves are used to transmit radio and television signals. The infrared waves are used to tell
temperature of areas. Visible light is all the colors that we can see. Ultraviolet light can help things
grow but to much can cause diseases such as skin cancer. X–rays are used as a tool to find broken
bones or take pitchers of our sun. Gamma rays are used in medical science but they are often used to
produce images of our universe. If you would like to know more about the spectrum keep reading.
The electromagnetic spectrum is the organization ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason we can see all the colors we do is simple. The light of the world reflects off the objects
giving it color. Such as when it is sunny out every thing the sun hits is more visible and we can see
its color. The moon works the same way it's just less light making it harder to see the color. Now Im
a scuba diver and when I go under water the last color I see is blue. The color of the water once
under water I can no longer see color except for what little portion of the sun that peers down
through the water giving every thing a grayish color. But when I bring a dive light down with me I
can actually see every thing's color. Thats why swim wear is reflective so you can see it under the
water or not. Ultraviolet radiation has a range of wavelengths from 400 billionths of a meter to about
10 billionths of a meter. Small amounts of ultraviolet radiation can help us do things such as helping
the plants grow through the process of photosynthesis, but larger doses can cause diseases, like skin
cancer. Ultraviolet wavelengths are used periodically throughout astronomical observatories, and
some remote sensing. Observations of the earth are also concerned with the measurement of the
ozone layer. The reason for that is that if we didn't have the ozone layer all of the Suns ultraviolet
radiation would rain down giving us skin cancer and destroying all vegetation. X–rays are high
energy waves

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )
How Autism Influences the Interactions with Others
There is a little boy that gets up every morning and goes to school. He goes home to his parents after
school each day. He eats, sleeps, and plays just like any other child. There is one difference. He sees
the world in a unique way than most other children not affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder. The
boy's life and actions are a bit different and can be challenging for him. He needs understanding
parents, family members, and teachers. Autism Spectrum Disorder can be a challenge for the little
boy as well as those he interacts with in everyday life.
A disorder that affects almost everyone, in one sense or another, is Autism. Autism may not affect
everyone in the same sense, but affects ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There have been many different methods that have been used in day to day education of autistic
children that have been proven to work in certain cases.
Social interaction can be extremely difficult for an autistic child. Simple tasks such as eye contact or
sharing a toy may be a struggle. Autism NI has helpful tools on its website to help the social
interaction process easier to develop. Better eye contact, helping take turns, and encouraging
interaction with other children are some of their main points. There are many other details and steps
to go along with these points in order for the interaction process to flow smoothly.
Autism Spectrum Disorder is not universally the same when it comes to the symptoms. The
symptoms or effects of autism depend on the severity of the disorder and can also differ from person
to person. For example, non–verbal autism is at such a stage in which the child cannot communicate
or express himself or herself vocally. In this case, some learn sign language to communicate basic
needs or wants. Non–verbal autism could be considered a more stressful condition due to lack of
communication between parent and child or educator and child. Parents as well as teachers must
know or learn to sign and help teach the child to sign as well in order to set a basis of
communication. Children affected by verbal autism can express their needs vocally. Unlike non–
verbal autism, the

Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Play is one of the most crucial ideas in the development of all children. Children play for many
reasons including learning, exercise, stimulation, and for pure entertainment. They are learning and
exploring the world around them by testing out ideas and just having fun playing with simple
objects. However, like language, play is a skill that develops in stages. As a child gradually learns to
understand the world around him or her, they begin to play and learn by engaging in exploratory and
manipulative play. This is no different for children with Autism except the Autism Spectrum
Disorder can impact on how play develops. Play is important for not only developing and advancing
their thinking, comprehension and language skills, but also the emotional and creative skill
development of children with autism. The stage of symbolic and imaginative play is the one that is
often considered to be the most difficult for children with autism because too many presume they
are unable to play and pretend. However, this stage is not just about role playing, it is also about
learning to substitute one object for another or coming up with a new function for an object. The
goal for helping children with autism should be to not necessarily change the things they play with
or to teach them to play in the same way that their peers do, but instead to help them use the way
they play and the things they find engaging to progress through the developmental stages to develop
other more

Statistical evidences. ASD's gender proportion suggests that the autism is sex–linked, and the
statistical evidence convincingly shows that genetic factors are playing key role in the prevalence of
ASD. To begin with, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) published the relationship between the number of autistic boys and girls. The
statistical evidence shows that boys are more inclined to become autistic than girls. CDC states that
1 in 42 boys and 1 in 189 girls were identified as having ASD. This observation shows that ASD is
likely a sex–linked inheritance. Sex–liked inheritance is defined as a pattern of inheritance
characteristic of genes located on the sex chromosomes of organisms having a chromosomal
mechanism for sex determination (Sadava et al., 2014). If the ASD was sex–linked inheritance, the
ratio between male and female exhibiting the phenotype would result in 3 to 1 under the normal
curve. The ratio between boy and girl is approximately 5 to 1, which shows that there is a strong
association between sex–linked inheritance and ASD. For this reason, it is reasonable to conclude
that ASD is primarily influenced by the genetic factor, which is prenatal. On the other hand, some
behavioral psychiatrists would argue that the conclusion is inaccurately determined, since the
genetic mutation would not occur within a decade. As indicated in Appendix C: Table 1, the rate at
which the number of ASD children increase

Autism Spectrum Disorders
The purpose of this chapter is to review the literate that identifies and examines early identification
of social communication deficits related to autism spectrum disorder. It will also review literature
based around early interventions to improve social communication deficits. This paper will begin by
identifying retrospective research studies followed by prospective students. It will continue with
evidence based interventions identified by the American Speech – Language – Hearing –
Associations (ASHS)
Research examining early development in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has shifted over the
past several years from mainly retrospective designs to prospective longitudinal studies of at–risk
infants. Retrospective designs focuses on parent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Clinical Question 2: What are the effects of communication interventions on social reciprocity
outcomes for children 36 months old or less at – risk for or diagnose with ASD? Findings from
single –subject that addressed prelinguistic–social reciprocity outcomes were small to large in effect
with findings from the simultaneous communication and social engagement interventions falling
solely in the large range.
Clinical Question 3: What are the effects of communication interventions on language and related
cognitive skill outcomes for children 36 months old or less at – risk for or diagnose with ASD? The
findings from the single– subject were in the small to large range with most falling in the medium to
large range for the following interventions: pivotal response training, video modeling imitation
training, UCLA treatment model, and simultaneous communication.
Clinical Question 4: What are the effects of communication interventions on behavioral and
emotional regulation outcomes for children 36 months old or less at – risk for or diagnose with

Dustin S. Staats
University of Central Oklahoma
"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) formerly known as just Autism, is a disorder that affects about 1
in 68 children here in the United States." (Facts about ASD) This is a pretty high prevalence and the
number is continuing to rise. "Autism is a developmental disability that can cause significant
impairments in behavioral, communication, and social aspects of everyday life."(Facts about ASD).
The intellectual functioning of individuals with ASD is among one of the biggest of all disabilities.
The range can occur from moderate intellectual disabilities all the way up to super genius levels.
However, most students function at average intelligence in all academic areas except for reading and
math. The reason the name switch form Autism to ASD occurred is that now according to the DSM–
V Asperger's Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD–
NOS) are now disabilities that fall into the spectrum that is ASD. Diagnosis of Autism can be
determined at age 2 with high reliability, but is not often discovered until the individual reaches
school age and begins to fall behind their peers. It is critical that a parent goes and gets their child
screened for developmental disabilities at the doctor at least every 9 months during their few first
years of life, so that if they do have a disability early intervention strategies can be employed. ASD
occurs in every racial and ethnic group,

Over the past 40 years, the rate at which diagnoses for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occur has
seen a dramatic growth in numbers. With diagnoses for ASD increasing, more siblings are also
being found to have grown up with a sister or brother with autism spectrum disorder. Previous
studies have shown no consensus on whether or not siblings of persons with ASD are at risk for
negative effects. However, patterns of anxiety among these siblings are being examined to see if
characteristics of a child with autism spectrum disorder and their parents can predict anxiety.
Anxiety disorders are one of the most common psychological disorders found in childhood and
research has shown that they can have a negative impact on a child's current and future development
if left untreated (Cartwright–Hatton et al. 2006; Johnson et al. 2000; Visu–Petra et al. 2010; Vitiello
and Waslick 2010). About 80% of children with high–functioning autism spectrum disorder have
one or more concurrent anxiety disorders (de Bruin et al., 2007). Research suggests that they may be
a link between anxiety disorders and impairments in daily living skills (Drahota et al., 2010).
Anxiety does not just put children with ASD at risk but also has an impact on family members as
well.
In a study done by Shivers, Deisenroth, & Taylor (2013), they hypothesized that siblings of
individuals with ASD would have higher rates of anxiety than normal and from these siblings, girls
would have higher levels of anxiety than boys

Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that is characterized by
impaired communication (verbal and non–verbal), social, and comprehensive skills. Distinct
features of individuals diagnosed with ASD are repetitive or restricted behaviors, for example daily
or patterned routines: others may experience symptoms of Asperger's syndrome, which delays
cognitive/speech development: or other conditions similarly related to Down's syndrome. ASD is
often utilized as an umbrella term to encompass a wide range of genetic conditions and mental
disorders; as such no two individuals diagnosed with ASD are alike. Because of this, researchers,
therapists, and medical practitioners are still puzzled by the mysteries of ASD; however, many
infants and toddlers are now beginning to show signs of ASD and many more are being diagnosed
on the autism spectrum. With this increase, many people are beginning to understand and educate
themselves on the effects of ASD and also cope with the lifestyles of autistic peoples. However,
even with the increase of autism awareness and advocacy, individuals with ASD are discriminated
against because of many stereotypes and societal myths that surround the disorder. One of the main
sources that distribute these false stereotypes and myths is the media. In truth, many popular movies,
like Rain Man and Forrest Gump, portray characters that are affected by ASD in stereotypical ways
that overshadow the true complications of ASD and the

Autism Spectrum Disorder Analysis
According to an article about ASD, the author says, "A diagnosis of ASD now includes several
conditions that used to be diagnosed separately: autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder
not otherwise specified (PDD–NOS), and Asperger syndrome" ("Facts About ASD"). ASD can be
called these other diseases for the reason that their symptoms relate to one another. Diagnosing
autism spectrum disorder can be very difficult. Currently, there is no medical test used for diagnosis.
For the reason that autism has many symptoms, trying to select a diagnosis is challenging
("Diagnosis, Causes & Symptoms"). The best way to diagnosis a child with autism spectrum
disorder is to observe their behavior, the way they act when they are alone and also ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Researchers are currently doing their very best in discovering a concrete diagnosis for autism.
Meanwhile, there are children who are getting the treatment they need, while there are also children
going without treatment, for the reason that they have not been diagnosed. Autism spectrum disorder
is caused by the gene and chromosomal makeup of the child's DNA. There is hope in the future that
scientists will find a way to try and prevent autism and also discover a diagnosis. Meanwhile, to
prevent autism, mothers need to be healthy while pregnant and avoid all the risks leading to ASD.
Children with ASD need to receive all the help that is available so that they can try and live a normal

Autism Spectrum Disorder And Autism
Autism Spectrum Disorder is defined as a neurodevelopmental condition that is classified by a triad
of impairments. These impairments are in communication, socialization, and repetitive patterns of
behavior (Wolf, 2004). Autism affects about 1% of the current population (Shishido, Branko, &
Norio, 2013). This disorder seems like a common diagnosis in the current day in age but the disorder
was only discovered around sixty years ago. The two founding researchers that discovered the
disorder are Kanner and Asperger. Since then there has been a significant amount of research on the
disorder and they have narrowed down the criteria associated with Autism. Since the discovery of
Autism Spectrum Disorder, there has been many debates on what causes this condition. When it
was, a recent discovery scientist thought it could have been caused by many factors including
psychological conditions and poor parenting. Now research has shifted in another direction (Wolf,
2004). In recent years, there has been a debate if childhood vaccinations or genetic mutations cause
the disorder. This debate has led many parents to stop vaccinating their children in case it does cause
the disorder. In 2010 (de los Reyes) the immunization rates fell to 80%. These parents' decisions
greatly effects the nation's public health so it has fueled even more research to find the cause. A very
common vaccine that has been said to cause the disorder is the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine
or the MMR vaccine. This

Autism Spectrum Disorder And Autism
Estimates show one out of six children aged three–seventeen in the United States had one or more
developmental disorders in 2006–2008. This can affect the person mentally, physically, emotionally,
or a combination of the three. These range from something as simple as a speech delay to something
as complex as cerebral palsy. One of these developmental disorders is autism. Autism can cause
social, communication, and behavioral challenges. One in 68 children are affected by autism.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is 4.5 times more common in boys. One in forty–two boys will be
affected; whereas, one in 189 girls will be on the spectrum according to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention. Though autism is quite common and the occurrences ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This issue is sometimes referred to as the "broader" ASD phenotype (Regehr and Feldman, 237–
238). One of the most commonly debated speculated causes for autism is that it is a reaction from
vaccines. Data indicates that the amount of shots given at such an early age could compromise the
child's immune system and possibly contribute to autism. Thimerosal, which is a vaccine
preservative, is 49% ethyl mercury. Every major symptom of autism is documented in mercury
poison cases. The biological abnormalities typically associated with autism also are very similar to
mercury poison side effects (Ratajczak,70). Autism cannot be diagnosed with genetic testing, but
genetic testing can let one know if their child is more susceptible to autism. When major segments
of DNA are deleted, the gene is considered faulty(Waters,2). When coupled with other factors the
autism is more commonly presented. Microarray screening only identified 8–25% of people on the
spectrums genetic abnormality. Seventy–five percent of cases are undetected by screening;
therefore, psychologists remain the main source of diagnosis (Waters,2)
The symptoms associated with autism are just as broad as the speculations of the cause. This can
partly be accredited to the fact that autism is a broad spectrum not just one certain level of delay.
There is low–functioning autism, high– functioning autism, and several steps in between. Autism is
like a line graph and depending on one's symptoms and

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurological disorder that includes a set of
developmental and behavioral features. These features include social interaction, communication,
and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Social interaction and
communication are difficult for those who have autism. It is considered a syndrome, not and illness,
because it is a collection of behaviors, that the child exhibits, not a known biological part. Children
with autism may not respond to their names, may not make eye contact and may only interact with
others if it meant achieving a specific goal. They may also have difficulty interacting with other
children and may have trouble expressing their own feelings

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by social–
interaction difficulties, communication challenges, and repetitive behavior. ASD begins in early
childhood and can become a chronic disorder leading into adolescence and adulthood. ASD is
comorbid with other disorders including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and epilepsy.
Siniscaleo et al. (2013) mention that children with ASD have a 50–70% of being intellectually
disabled based on nonverbal IQ testing and can lead to a high risk of developing seizures.
Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have difficulties with social, emotional, and
communicational skills (CDC, 2016). The CDC (2016) mention some signs and symptoms of ASD
including ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mercury is found to increase the prevalence of diagnosed ASDs. Mercury is a heavy metal that can
cause permanent neurological and renal impairment. During development, mercury is found in the
endocrine system and has been found to be impact child's endocrine system development (Lakshmi
& Geetha (2011). Geier et al. (2010) mention that mercury can be found in vaccines, drugs, fish and
other foods, dental amalgams and air pollution such as coal–burning power. Pregnant women need
to be aware of mercury exposure in several items and foods to prevent exposure or harm to the

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by
qualitative impairments in social interaction and communication, and restricted, repetitive behavior
(American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), and is associated with impairments in executive
functions. Autism Spectrum Disorder is also defined as a group of disorders that impair an
individual's ability to understand and engage in the give–and–take of social relationships. (Boyd,
2015) Autism is a well–known disability in the world today. Autism statistics from the U.S. Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention identify 1 in 68 American children on the Autism spectrum.
There has been a prevalent increase in the cases of autism in the past 40 years. Over 3 million
people in the United States alone are affected by autism. Government autism statistics suggest that
the prevalence of autism has increased 10 to 17 percent annually in recent years. There is no
established explanation for why there is such an increase in autism in the recent years, but more
people being aware of it and environmental factors could be a factor to the increase. (Jenson,
Steinhausen, Lauritsen. 2014) According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), ASD is diagnosed on
the basis of two symptom clusters: (a) deficits in social communication and (b) the presence of
repetitive behaviors and restricted interests.

A Child On The Autism Spectrum
When the word autism is stated what is the first picture that comes to mind? Is it a child throwing
themselves on the ground and having an uncontrollable fit because the situation has changed from
the standard routine all of a sudden? Or a child that is rocking back and forth constantly, or playing
with one or two toys for a very long time without getting bored. "Currently one out of 88 children is
diagnosed with having an autism spectrum disorder also known as ASD". Smith R, Hannah S,
Sengmuller E (2014 p9) Is there a way to help a child on the autism spectrum without the need for
them to be on medication that has its own side effects on how the child behaves? Can a change in
the diet help to control some of the side effects of being on the autism spectrum? To answer this
question, we need to look at several things 1. How can a specialized diet help a child on the autism
spectrum? 2. What are the common diets for autism and what is the difference between these diets.
3. What is the gluten free casein free diet all about and how do you implement it for a child with
autism? 4. What evidence is there in support of specialized diets for autism from the medical
profession and the parents point of view? 5. How does being on a special diet compared to the
national guidelines set by this date for childcare facilities?
1 How can a specialized diet help a child on the autism spectrum? According to the authors of ASD
The Complete Autism Spectrum Disorder Health and Diet Guide "One

Autism Spectrum Disorder (AAT)
Society has certain expectations when it comes to social interaction and communication between
people. These expectations could be eye contact with one another, smiling when a person delivers
good news or a pout when a sad event happens during a movie. Basic social interactions and
communication are usually very natural to people because we are social creatures, we thrive on
contact with one another. Some people find basic social interactions difficult, they may have trouble
sustaining a conversation, or have difficulties understanding a person's tone of voice. These people
could be on the Autism Spectrum Disorder or ASD.
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a disorder of brain and stage development, "by difficulties in social
interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors... intellectual disability,
difficulties in motor coordination and attention and physical health issues such as sleep and
gastrointestinal disturbances" (Autismspeaks.org, 2012). The disorders on the spectrum include Rett
syndrome, classic autism, atypical autism or pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified
Asperger syndrome, and childhood disintegrative disorder. ASD can be caused by many ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A man named William Tuke allowed patients at the facility to wander the grounds of York Retreat in
England with a small population of small domestic animals (Serpell, 2000). The affects of animals
on people are usually a positive benefit. Animals have been known to reduce cortisol; which
contributes to stress, anxiety, and blood pressure. They also increase the life span of people,
oxytocin, dopamine, while providing people with a sense of responsibility and give people
unconditional love and attention. AAT can aid in social, behavioral, and communication skills as
well as help children overcome common behavioral, verbal, physical and social hurdles (Pavlides,

Spectrum Approach Research Paper
The term 'spectrum approach' describes a ' continuum with other diagnostic entities', this term refers
to a series of linked conditions that have some similar characteristics or symptoms.
The autism spectrum is therefore thought of as a "wide range of symptoms, skills , and levels of
impairment or disability" associated with autism.
Autism spectrum disorders come in many forms , with wildly different manifestations, and 2 people
with the same diagnosis may not appear to have any similarities between them.
The main ways in which ASD can be observed fall under 3 specific areas of difficulty;
Social communication
Social interaction
Social imagination
These are known as the triad of difficulties, where abilities that most people might

Autism Spectrum Analysis
Autism can be a mysterious topic, with a black box of information scientists have been trying to
open for years. But today, people know a lot more about the inner workings of ASD. Some
interesting facts and statistics are that the most obvious signs of autism occur at a very young age,
usually 2–3 years old, and 1 in every 68 children have been diagnosed with it (What is autism?). The
cause of this disorder is found in the brain, where their mind map is scrambled. This means that
there are abnormalities in the cerebellum, brain stem, limbic system, and frontal cortex (Albano). In
addition, the word autism comes from the greek word 'autos', which means 'self.' This is due to the
fact that autistic people seem "self absorbed" (Autism Spectrum ... Show more content on
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Their actions are described in area one: but the causes of these social behaviors are harder to find
out. It is known that when they're pushed beyond the limits, or have overloaded senses, they can–in
a way–start to ignore the world around them. Albano describes Grandin's own personal experience
on this same topic, saying, "I pulled away when people tried to hug me, because being touched sent
an overwhelming tidal wave of stimulation through my body...when noise and sensory over–
stimulation became too intense, I was able to shut off my hearing and retreat into my own world."
There's a possibility that another reason why autistic people have foreign reactions is that their
vision might be distorted. While autistic humans are certainly nowhere near being blind–otherwise
they wouldn't be visual learners–they do feel objects a lot, to understand what the boundaries are in
our complex world (Albano). As has been said, people with autism don't understand things like puns
and metaphors. This is because they "like logic" and when things are cogent. Jeff Hudale claims to
like numbers, "namely math computations," which is common in autistic people, especially those
with Asperger's. This is because of that logical thinking. It is also why social interactions are such a
struggle for people with autism: There are no rules applied (Hamilton). Since it's so hard to
communicate, autistic people try to say what they mean in other ways. To illustrate, when someone
with ASD starts having a meltdown, one can try to find the source of their upset mood, therefore
understanding what's bothering them without the person even having to explain 'what's wrong.' The
result is an outburst instead. Every action for autistic people is a form of communication that they
can't say with words. It may only be a small inkling of what they mean, but if one notices something
that usually happens before a

Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Autistic spectrum disorder, otherwise known as autism, is a complex disorder of the central nervous
system and a developmental disability that comes from a neurological disorder that affects the
normal functioning of the brain. (Dowshen, 2008). It is not something one can catch or pass along to
someone else. It makes interacting with other people incredibly difficult. Autism was first identified
in 1943 by Dr. Leo Kanner of Johns Hopkins Hospital. Autism spectrum disorder can usually be
reliably diagnosed by age 3, however new research is pushing back the age of diagnosis to as early
as six months. Autism is a developmental disorder that makes it very difficult for one to
communicate with others and live a normal life. (What is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A very good amount of autistic children have very bad tempers. As a result, numerous parents end
up quitting their jobs to care for their autistic child. (Packard, 2009). Many people with autism also
have other disorders of the central nervous system, such as developmental disabilities, epilepsy, or
schizophrenia. However, not all children with autism are severely impacted. Autism persists through
a person's lifetime, although many people are able to learn to control and modify their behavior to
some extent. Some people are affected fairly mildly; several of these individuals learn to live
independent lives. Others more severely affected, require lifelong care and supervision. (Dowshen,
2008). Most families of autistic children also learn to get support from their parents and other
children with autism. Some children with mild autism will grow up and be able to live on their own.
Those with problems that are more serious will always need some kind of help, but all kids with
autism have brighter futures when they have support and understanding from their doctors, teachers,
caregivers, parents, brothers, sisters, and friends. (Dowshen, 2008). At this point in time there is no
cure for autism, but doctors, therapists, and special teachers can help kids with autism overcome or
adjust to many difficulties they have to face. The earlier a child starts treatment for autism, the better
because the best results are

The term "autism" has been in circulation for over 100 years. In 1911, autism referred to a clump of
symptoms that now we know to be schizophrenia. It wasn't until 1940 that the word began to reflect
social and emotional inequities tied to characteristically withdrawn behavior. Autism was added to
the DSM–III in 1980 giving the medical professionals specific criteria for diagnosis. The current
status of the disease was published in the DSM–V in 2013 as Autism Spectrum Disorder.1 The CDC
estimates that 1 out of 68 children have the diagnosis of ASD, and that the total prevalence of the
disease accounts for 1% of the world's population. 2 ASD allows for an umbrella term for pervasive
developmental disorders ranging in symptom severity. These ... Show more content on
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There is a wide variety of areas that physical therapists can work on when treating a person with
ASD. Some overarching key concepts to remember when working with patients that have ASD are:
adapt working environments to suit the motor and sensory levels, tie interventions into functional
activities that can be done in their daily routine, move on if an intervention is not making progress in
a timely fashion, and short interventions work best with frequent documentations of progress.
Coordination between the physical therapist, the caregiver, and other team members is essential for
success of the

Autism Spectrum Disorders Prevalence
Autism Prevalence Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) refers to a group of developmental brain
disorders that affect a child's cognitive, behavioral, and social abilities (American Psychiatric
Association, 2013). There are several forms of ASD that have different impairments and levels of
severity. Recent research has been looking at the increased prevalence of ASD and possible causes
of this increase. In attempts to determine reasons for the increased prevalence of ASD, Schieve et al.
examined the relationship between the risk factors of pregnancy and the increase in ASD. A
mathematical model was created to identify and measure if such a relationship existed. In the model,
the research looked at each risk factor of pregnancy, individually and in combination, and if there
was any evidence that these risk factors impacted an ASD (Schieve et al., 2011). If there was an
impact found, they looked at how much of an impact it made. The pregnancy data is from the U.S
population–based surveillance datasets. Although the different pregnancy risk factors were
associated with ASDs, Schieve et al. determined that the increase in ASD due to pregnancy risk
factors is minimal (2011). Another study looked into a different explanation for the increased
prevalence of ASD in the population. As compared to the Schieve et al. (2011) study, Kogan et al.
(2009) conducted research by using randomly dialed telephone surveys. The research participants
consisted children between the ages of 3–17

Introduction
Autism, as defined by the DSM–V, is the demonstration (either in the past or in the present) of
deficits in social–emotional reciprocity, deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for
social interaction, and deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships
(autismspeaks.org). Autism is a spectrum disorder with varying levels of severity. Some children
may be highly functioning while others remain non–verbal. These deficits can negatively affect a
child's ability to learn and participate in extra–curricular activities. In the classroom, a disruptive
behavior may even negatively impact the learning of the other students. Outside of the classroom,
communication and relationship barriers typically result in children with autism not participating in
sports or other physically demanding activities. Swimming can be a valuable addition to education
programs as it is both enjoyable for the subject and contributes to motor development (Mosher 1975
and Wing 1976). A well designed and carefully implemented instructional aquatics program can be
instrumental in promoting health and wellness (Auxter, Pyfer, & Huettig, 2001; Lepore, Gayle, &
Stevens, 1998). A group swimming and aquatic exercise program has the potential for providing
exercise in a social environment and this may have positive aspects on social development and self–
esteem in addition to positive effects on health for children with ASD.
Background
Pan and Frey (2006) used an

Autism Spectrum Assessment
Proper and applicable assessment measures are the foundation to evidence–based assessments. For
psychologists, it is critical to choose the best assessment tools that can provide the most reliable and
valid measures to give accurate suggestions about the most relevant intervention procedures.
Application of psychometrically valid tools and significant data assembly is decisive for optimal
intervention at the early stages of the diagnosis of the Autism Spectrum Disorder. Over the past
twenty years, researchers on Autism have made notable findings in comprehending prevalence rates
and creating accurate assessments to gather current diagnostic criterion. A significant increase in the
prevalence rate of ASD has led researchers to make further inquiries about the precision of the tests
used to assist in the diagnosis of autism.
The Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition (CARS–2) is a 15–item rating scale used to
identify children with autism and differentiating them from those with other developmental
disabilities such as avoidant personality disorder. It is evidence– based substantiated and supplies
succinct and quantifiable ratings from direct behavioral observation. The original version of CARS
emerged from some of the very early studies on ASD. For many years CARS was extensively
adopted in both clinical and research settings. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The High–Functioning Version Rating Booklet (CARS2–HF): that is available as another possibility
for evaluating children of six years of age and older with a superior ability to articulate, and with
higher IQ scores. The third form is The Questionnaire for Parents or Caregivers (CARS2–QPC): Is
an unrated measure that collects data and gives more information for use in the collection CARS2ST
and CARS2–HF

Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) hits very close to home for me. Considering I have been a
child/adult with Autism, I thought the topic of how to handle people with Autism in the health care
industry was a good fit. As a child, I personally had difficulties going to the doctor. I have had
countless unpleasant encounters with doctors, and I understand what Autistic people go through. If
there was more understanding of the condition and more culture competence towards the issues
faced with someone having Autism, there would be more autistic people who receive health care.
As some may know, Autism is a disorder which makes communication and social interaction
difficult for the one affected. Autism is commonly referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
Autism is made up of different "levels" and the patient can be severely autistic or mildly autistic as
with Asperger's Syndrome. Since there is a variety of different "levels," there is a wide range of
possible reactions that can occur. These reactions can occur when dealing with autistic patient in any
setting, but especially in a health care setting.
Considering the spectrum is so large and diverse, doctors and nurses cannot necessarily understand
each reaction that may occur when caring for a patient with ASD. Although, this wide range of
reactions can be overwhelming for a doctor or nurse to handle, the issues that arise still need to be
addressed as people with autism are still people and they need care just as anyone

An estimated 1 in 42 boys and 1 in 189 girls are diagnosed with autism in the United States (Autism
Speaks, n.d.). Can be diagnosed in all racial and ethnic groups, as well as every age group. In the
2013 publication of DSM–5 diagnostic manual, Asperger syndrome, Autistic disorder, childhood
disintegrative disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder– not otherwise specified (PDD–
NOS) were merged into one category of ASD. This paper will explain what Autism Spectrum
Disorder is, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, clinical trials and what it is like
living with someone with Autism (Autism Society, n.d.).
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? "Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Autism are general
terms for a group of complex ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Diagnosis in all racial and ethnic groups, as well as every age group. Boys face about four to five
time's higher risk at 1 in 42 than girls at 1 in 189. A child is usually diagnosed with ASD by age 2;
even though some researchers suggest that some of the screening tests are more helpful at 18 months
or younger. Some of the screening tests include, Checklist of Autism in Toddlers (CHAT), Modified
Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M–CHAT), Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), Autism
Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), and a few more (NIMH, n.d.). The Modified Checklist
for Autism in Toddlers (M–CHAT) is a list of informative questions about your child. The answers
can indicate whether he or she should be further evaluated by a specialist (Autism Speaks, n.d.).
Treatments
There is no known treatment for Autism. Each Autism intervention plan should be personalized to
address the specific needs of each unique child or adult. Intervention can involve medication,
behavioral treatments or both to help improve their needs. Early behavioral interventions involve a
child's entire family who work closely with a team of professionals, some of which deliver home
services including parent training (Autism Speaks, n.d.).
Objective scientific studies confirmed benefits of two methods of comprehensive behavioral early
intervention, Lovaas Model (Applied Behavior Analysis) and the Early Start Denver Model. Lovaas
Model goals are to

Autism Spectrum Disorder also known as ASD is a Neurological Disorder affecting about 1 out of
54 boys and 1 in 252 girls in the United States. The Government has said that the Autism rate has
increased a 10 to 17 percent annually in recent years. ASD is a Disease that has such a big effect on
a kid's life, the family, and everyone around them. A Child diagnosed with autism will have to
everyday struggle to deal with normal life situations like communication and social skills that
normal toddlers are able to pick up naturally. There are three main types of ASD's: Autistic disorder
which is also called "Classic" Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and Persuasive Developmental
Disorder– Not Otherwise Specified short for PDD–NOS also called ... Show more content on
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It turned out it was a huge surprise to everyone because today Jacob is Fourteen Years old at the
Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), he has earned a Masters and is
studying to get a PhD in Quantum Physics. He enrolled in (IUPUI) at the age of 10, he has surprised
everyone with his intelligence. Jacob is said to have a higher IQ then Albert Einstein, that is
tremendous and never before seen, especially not in a child so young. "I'm not supposed to be here
at all" (Barnett 23), Jacob could serve as an inspiration for many of those who have ever been
diagnosed and have gotten an ultimatum on future possibilities."You know, I was told that I wouldn't
talk. There's probably a therapist watching who is freaking out right now"(Barnett 24–25). Jacob
should be a hope to many who suffer Asperger or any type of ASD today. "I hope it really inspires
children to actually be doing something . . . [and] encourages them to do what they like doing. I just
hope it is inspirational" (Barnett 39–41).
Asperger Disorder can be most recognized by problems with social communication skills, specific
order in things they tend to like to do, the repetition of a specific behavior like any type of hand
movement or small details, very obsessive interest in specific things like a specific cartoon or
television, also they could happen to be very talented in particular areas, and in their body
movement.
Pervasive Developmental Disorder–Not

There are many different types of exceptionalities that can effect children, this paper will
specifically look at the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASD is a disorder caused by a delay in
neurodevelopment that effects the part of the brain responsible for social functioning, motor skill
functioning and communication ("Geneva Centre", n.d.). Autism Spectrum Disorder according to
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2014), about 1 in 68 children have been
classified as being on the autism spectrum in 2010. In comparison, to the prevalence rate in 2000
which was 1 in 150 children. Thus, indicating that the prevalence has grown in the span of 10 years
and this is a disorder that is relatively high affecting many children today. ... Show more content on
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The testing for each group took place at the same time. Each group did the pre–testing before the
intervention sessions began, and each group did the post–test at the end of the 12–week program.
According to Bass, Duchowny, & Llabre (2009), the experimental group consisted of 2 girls and 17
boys between the ages of 5 – 10 years of age. The wait–listed control group consisted of 3 girls and
12 boys between the ages of 4 – 10 years of age. Each child is randomly assigned to the two groups.
According to Lord and McGee (2001, p. 6) the most effective interventions contain random
assignment, this is an important aspect of the experiment. There were two measurements used to test
the effectiveness of this intervention the first is the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). The SRS
consists of 65 questions measuring different aspects of social skills such as: social awareness, social
cognition, social communication, social motivation and autistic mannerisms. The second scale is the
Sensory Profile, which has 125 questions relating to the overall social functioning of the child (Bass,
Duchowny, & Llabre, 2009, p.

Public Health Problem
Autism or autism spectrum disorder ( ASD) is a developmental disorder that has been found world
wide. However unlike many other disorders, autism is fairly new in the sense that there is no cure
nor a set factor causing it. Today, the public is more aware of the disorder, yet there is still concern
about how to treat autism in children as well as what risk factors are more likely to lead to autism.
Autism has been around for the past hundred years, however previous to the 1980's, psychiatrists
and researchers associated the term autism with schizophrenia. Between 1960 and 1980, treatment
for autism included electric shock, LSD, and pain/punishment. It wasn't until 1980 when
intervention techniques like behavior therapy and learning through positive reinforcement was
introduced and autism was recognized as a separate diagnosis from other syndromes and disorders.
Autism is a larger disorder with autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder and Asperger
syndrome falling under the general category of autism. Currently 1 in 68 children are affected with
ASD, which a majority of them being boys. Diagnosis for this disorder begins around age 2 or 3 and
major symptoms include the inability to communicate and interact easily with others and difficulty
interpreting body language. Parents are more likely to diagnose their child with autism through their
child's behavior and since there is no medical test that can be done, most medical doctors rely on

As shown to be an epidemic, autism ranges in differences of initial cause, symptoms, precautions
taken, and responses to interventions, as well as the possibility of a cure, is at the least described as
complex. Autism Spectrum Disorder, which was rare in the 1980's started to increasingly spread in
early diagnoses, rising exponentially during the mid–1990. Before the increase it wasn't out of the
ordinary for a general practitioner and pediatricians to go their whole practice without seeing a
single case. Autism Spectrum Disorder is described as a Biological and Neurological disorder that
both genetics and the toxic environment around us trigger a range of symptoms, affecting the
immunological system, neurological and gastrointestinal systems, ... Show more content on
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Such as diet and nutrition, the body can experience negative and positive effects from the food and
medicines they digest. Proven to be present in an child with ASD certain food that contain gluten
and casein present in foods like, wheat, artificial colors and dairy products have the potential to leak
toxins into the bloodstream through the GI tract, in which crosses the blood–brain barrier, causing
neurological defects and also initial gut

Autism Spectrum Disorders
Varying Types of Autism on the Spectrum and
Their Effects on Individuals Autism Spectrum Disorder is defined as a group of complex disorders
of the brain. The autism spectrum contains many other disorders within itself, and each of them have
different symptoms. These disorders include autistic disorder, Rett syndrome, childhood
disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, and Asperger syndrome (Frequently
Asked Questions, 2015). The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that around 1 in
68 American children are on the spectrum, with the statistics in other countries being even higher.
This number has increased in the last 40 years and could partly be because of the improved
diagnosis and awareness, all because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Rosenblatt, 2012) It is important to help the child eliminate non–helpful behavior, such as throwing
tantrums when they get confused or scared, and help them understand what is acceptable in a public
space. The basic goal for parent's is to help their child develop self advocacy (Rosenblatt, 2012).
Self advocacy is often a learned task, but sometimes the use of medications is required to help the
child achieve the self advocacy needed to make it through everyday life tasks. People that are
diagnosed with ASD are often put on medications that help with irritability, aggression, repetitive
behavior, hyperactivity, attention problems, anxiety, and depression. Each medication is tailored to a
specific symptom, and along with the benefits of the medications comes the negative side effects.
Some children with ASD are heavily medicated, while others carry out daily life on only a couple of
medications (Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2014). Throughout a person with autism's life their
medications are altered multiple times to find the perfect amount to help them be a fully functioning
member of

Did you know that one in every sixty–eight births are diagnosed with the Autism spectrum disorder
in other words (ASD), which is about one percent of the world's population. And that more than
three point five million people in America live with a person who has the Autism spectrum disorder.
We all know that Autism is a spectrum disorder in which an abnormality is developed in the brain. It
is a long life condition that has no cure for itself. People who have Autism face many difficulties in
their communication and their social skills. They tend to also have bipolar reactions and moods in
which one minute they'd be totally fine and normal and the next thing you know it they start to act
differently becoming more aggressive which sometimes causes them to cause tantrums. Autism a
spectrum disorder appears in the first three years of a person's childhood and remains a mystery
because of its unknown cause and unknown cure. And for that, treatments are offered by support
teams and doctors, schools offer special education which help families in many ways. All these
resources are to help families in need who are challenged by this diagnoses.
Autism remains one of the world's mysteries: It's cause is unknown, but it is said to be an
abnormality in the genes of the brain. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a physical condition
linked to abnormal biology and chemistry in the brain (Ross G. 1). All that we know right know for
a fact is that people who have autism have an abnormality

Autism Spectrum Research Paper
It's time for preschool and you're really worried about your child. You love them dearly, but you're
worried that they may fall on the autism spectrum. As a result, you're not sure if they're ready or
even capable of attending preschool. Thankfully, it's not only possible, but it can be beneficial to
them.
Are They On The Spectrum?
The autism spectrum is generally broken up into three different categories: autism, Asperger's
Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder. The most severe of these is autism, which
affects about 20% of people who are on the spectrum. Most others are more mildly impacted by the
disorder.
Children with classic autism are going to have extreme vocal and communication limitations that
will make integration into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is possible to teach coping techniques and even social skills to children on the autism spectrum
and preschool can be a good place for them to master those skills. But what other benefits will they
experience?
Benefits Of Preschool To Children On The Autism Spectrum
Children on the spectrum benefit heavily from being integrated into a peer–group social setting
(such as preschool) as soon as possible. For example, a study by Autism Speaks found that children
who suffered from autism benefited from early integration in play groups or a preschool setting.
These settings lacked a severe structure and encourage free interaction with children their own age.
The study found conclusively that those children with autism benefited from this exposure. They
socially interacted in more appropriate manners and seemed to learn new and positive things from
the experience.
Can They Be Integrated?
The above–mentioned findings are promising, but you still have to ask yourself a difficult question:
can my child be integrated? You must be honest with yourself here, no matter how hard it may feel.
Do you think that your child would succeed of struggle in a preschool

Autism Spectrum Essay
For people on the Autism spectrum, stereotyped behavior can be one of the most difficult barriers to
move beyond. In the context of learning, this repetitive behavior can seriously impede the
acquisition of new skills. For the child experiencing it, the reinforcement this stimulus provides is
often greater than anything the therapist can offer. This form of behavior, referred to in the DSM – V
as being "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, or speech" (p. 50)
includes motor and vocal stereotypies.
The inspiration for this research document is a young boy with an Autism Spectrum Disorder
diagnosis who engages in a wide array of stereotypies. These include echolalia (specifically, the
scripting of scenes) and repetitive movements performed mid–script. In a typical bout with this
behavior, he will stand up and begin speaking to himself in an unintelligible babble while holding
his right hand ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In some cases, physical repetitive behavior, in the form of violent flapping, appears to be linked to
specific time frames of the videos. Both of these, along with many other videos trigger his
restrictive, repetitive behavior to the point where new teaching strategies are being implemented to
combat them.
An extensive body of research on restrictive and repetitive behavior is available. It describes in
detail the possible developmental trajectories, including research that has found a negative
correlation of restrictive behavior and age (as age increases, the behaviors tend to decrease).
Additionally, a full body of research has been done to determine the classification of the behavior.
This was the focus of Lam, Bodfish, and Piven's 2008 research which sought to identify three
distinct categories of restrictive behavior of people diagnosed with Autism Spectrum

Autism Spectrum Disability Study

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