Simple and Effective Method of the Synthesis of Nanosized Fe2O 3particlesIOSR Journals
Abstract: Nanosized Iron oxide is prepared by using precipitation method from iron nitrate and liquid ammonia. Thermal analysis shows that synthesized iron oxide shows some weight loss and oxide undergoing decomposition, dehydration or any physical change from TGA curve we observe that Iron oxide shows stable weight loss above 4000C. In DTA curve also, there is exothermic and endothermic peak. Which shows phase transition, solid state reaction or any chemical reaction occurred during heating treatment. Morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows particles are nanosized. Further morphology observation by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revels that Iron Oxide has the corundum (Al2O3) structure. Magnetic measurements shows that iron oxide has five unpaired electron and strongly paramagnetic character.
Thermodynamic characterization of metal dissolution and inhibitor adsorption ...IJRES Journal
The inhibition effect of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HMIC) on the corrosion of mild
steel in 2M sulphuric acid solution has been investigated by weight loss. potentiodynamic polarization and
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in
2M H2SO4 with addition of inhibitor was studied in weight loss method at the temperature range of 308-328 K.
Results obtained that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the concentration of the inhibitor and
decreases with increasing the temperature. Polarization and impedance measurements were in good agreement.
The adsorption of this inhibitor on the mild steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Fourier
transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also carried out to establish the
corrosion inhibit property of this inhibitor in sulphuric acid medium. Quantum chemical calculations were
performed using density functional theory to find out whether a clear link exists between the inhibitive effect of
the inhibitor and the electronic properties of its main constituents.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Simple and Effective Method of the Synthesis of Nanosized Fe2O 3particlesIOSR Journals
Abstract: Nanosized Iron oxide is prepared by using precipitation method from iron nitrate and liquid ammonia. Thermal analysis shows that synthesized iron oxide shows some weight loss and oxide undergoing decomposition, dehydration or any physical change from TGA curve we observe that Iron oxide shows stable weight loss above 4000C. In DTA curve also, there is exothermic and endothermic peak. Which shows phase transition, solid state reaction or any chemical reaction occurred during heating treatment. Morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows particles are nanosized. Further morphology observation by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revels that Iron Oxide has the corundum (Al2O3) structure. Magnetic measurements shows that iron oxide has five unpaired electron and strongly paramagnetic character.
Thermodynamic characterization of metal dissolution and inhibitor adsorption ...IJRES Journal
The inhibition effect of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HMIC) on the corrosion of mild
steel in 2M sulphuric acid solution has been investigated by weight loss. potentiodynamic polarization and
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in
2M H2SO4 with addition of inhibitor was studied in weight loss method at the temperature range of 308-328 K.
Results obtained that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the concentration of the inhibitor and
decreases with increasing the temperature. Polarization and impedance measurements were in good agreement.
The adsorption of this inhibitor on the mild steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Fourier
transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also carried out to establish the
corrosion inhibit property of this inhibitor in sulphuric acid medium. Quantum chemical calculations were
performed using density functional theory to find out whether a clear link exists between the inhibitive effect of
the inhibitor and the electronic properties of its main constituents.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Preparation characterization and conductivity studies of Nasicon systems Ag3-...iosrjce
Materials belonging to NASICON family of compositions Ag3-2xTaxIn2-x(PO4)3 ( x = 0.6,0.8 and 1.1)
are prepared by sol-gel method. Ethylene glycol is used as a gelating agent. All the compositions are
characterizedby powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy All these
phosphates are crystallized in rhombohedral lattice with space group R3c
. These compounds exhibit
characteristic PO4 vibrational modes in their FT-IR spectra. The dc conductivity of Ag3-2xTaxIn2-x(PO4)3 ( x =
0.6,0.8 and 1.1) was also investigated.
Removal of cadmium from aqueous solution using cobalt silicate precipitation ...IJSIT Editor
Cobalt silicate precipitation tube (CoSPT), prepared through ‘silica garden’ route was found to be a
potential adsorbent for removal of cadmium from aqueous medium. Detail adsorption study of Cd(II) on
CoSPT was investigated. Batch adsorption studies were carried out as a function of contact time, adsorbent
dose, adsorbate concentration (50-300 mg L-1), temperature (298-323K). Cd(II) loading on CoSPT was
dependent on initial Cd(II) concentration. Experimental adsorption data were modeled using Freundlich and
Langmuir isotherm equations. pH variation study revealed that the adsorption increased with increase in pH
of the solution. Cd(II) loading capacity of CoSPT was estimated at 319 mg g-1, which ranks high amongst
efficient Cd(II) adsorbents. Adsorption data were analyzed using two kinetic models, Lagergren first order
and pseudo second order. It was observed that pseudo second order rate equation represented the best
correlation.
Study on Ni 0.5-X Znx Cu0.5 Fe2 O4 Sintered Ferrite System Using Xrd & High F...paperpublications3
Abstract: Nickel ,Zinc, copper Mixed spinel ferrite compound was synthesized by using High field technique method and the well ground powder is fired at 9000C for 20 hours and furnace cooled approximately at the rate of 1000C per hour. The resulting powders were characterized by X- ray diffraction (XRD). The magnetic properties of the compound analyzed by hysteresis loop measured using high field measurements.
Keywords: Ferrites, High field measurements, Hysteresis loop X - ray diffraction.
Effect of glycine as an impurity on the properties of Epsomite single crystalsIOSR Journals
Epsomite (MgSO4.7H2O) is a hydrogen bonded crystal having a wide range of applications in various fields. Pure and glycine added Epsomite (a total of six) single crystals have been grown and characterized in order to investigate the effect of glycine as an impurity on the properties of Epsomite crystals.The densities and lattice parameters observed indicate that the impurity molecules have entered into the crystal matrix. The grown crystals exhibit good optical transparency in the wavelength range 210-1100 nm. Second harmonic generation measurements indicate that they are nonlinear optically active. Results obtained through microhardness measurements follow the normal indentation size effect. Electrical (AC and DC) measurements indicate that all the six crystals grown in the present study exhibit a normal dielectric behavior and the electrical conduction is understood to be due to the protonic movement. Moreover, glycine addition is found to reduce εr value significantly indicating the possibility of Epsomite crystal becoming a low -εr value dielectric material.
Effect of Ytterbium Substitution on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of...ijtsrd
A series of ytterbium substituted Zinc ferrites Zn YbxFe1 x 2O4 with x=0.0000, 0.0125, 0.0250, 0.0375, 0.0500 was synthesized by the solid state method. The structural characterizations of all the prepared samples were done by using X ray diffraction XRD . These studies confirmed the formation of single phase structure in all compositions. The increase in the value of lattice parameter with increase in ytterbium concentration suggests the expansion of unit cell. Crystallinity and the crystallite size are observed to increase with the concentration of Ytterbium. The substitution of ytterbium strongly influences the magnetic characteristics and this is confirmed from the magnetization measurements at room temperature. Zar Zar Myint Aung "Effect of Ytterbium Substitution on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Zinc Ferrite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27826.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/27826/effect-of-ytterbium-substitution-on-the-structural-and-magnetic-properties-of-nanocrystalline-zinc-ferrite/zar-zar-myint-aung
Characterization of mixed crystals of sodium chlorate and sodium bromate and ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Direct Synthesis Carbon/Metal Oxide Composites for Electrochemical Capacitors...drboon
This paper deals with the study of the carbon/metal oxide composites synthesis for electrochemical capacitor electrode material. Transition metal salts, such as FeCl3 and TiCl3 act as activator in the synthesis of activated carbon from gelam wood sawdust (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) which also have the functions as substrates for the composites. The surface functionalities of activated carbons were modified using oxidative treatments. The changes on crystallography and surface functionalities were analyzed based on XRD and FTIR data. The electrical conductivities and electrochemical properties were determined using kelvin and cyclic voltammetry methods, respectively. FTIR analyses showed that the activation and oxidation treatments affected their surface functionalities. The XRD analyses showed that oxidative treatments also affected carbons crystallite. The electrical conductivities and electrochemical properties were influenced by their crystallite and surface functionalities. The shape of the cyclic voltammograms varied according to the changes on the surface functionalities and on the metals loading. TEM analyses indicated the existence of nanoparticles metal oxides in the carbon samples.
Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexene, Toluene and Ethyl Benzene Catalyzed by Bi...Iranian Chemical Society
Bis-(L-tyrosinato)copper(II) was reacted with 3-(chloropropyl)-trimethoxysilane functionalized silica that has infused magnetite to yield a magnetically separable catalyst in which the copper carboxylate is covalently linked to the silica matrix through the silane linkage. The immobilized catalyst has been characterized by spectroscopic studies (such as FT-IR, EPR, Magnetic Measurement, SEM) and chemical analyses. The immobilized catalytic system functions as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for oxidation of cyclohexene, toluene and ethyl benzene in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (as an oxidant) and sodium bicarbonate (a co-catalyst). The reaction conditions have been optimized for solvent, temperature and amount of oxidant and catalyst. Comparison of the encapsulated catalyst with the corresponding homogeneous catalyst showed that the heterogeneous catalyst had higher activity and selectivity than the homogeneous catalyst. The immobilized catalyst could be readily recovered from the reaction mixture by using a simple magnet, and reused up to five times without any loss of activity.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Preparation characterization and conductivity studies of Nasicon systems Ag3-...iosrjce
Materials belonging to NASICON family of compositions Ag3-2xTaxIn2-x(PO4)3 ( x = 0.6,0.8 and 1.1)
are prepared by sol-gel method. Ethylene glycol is used as a gelating agent. All the compositions are
characterizedby powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy All these
phosphates are crystallized in rhombohedral lattice with space group R3c
. These compounds exhibit
characteristic PO4 vibrational modes in their FT-IR spectra. The dc conductivity of Ag3-2xTaxIn2-x(PO4)3 ( x =
0.6,0.8 and 1.1) was also investigated.
Removal of cadmium from aqueous solution using cobalt silicate precipitation ...IJSIT Editor
Cobalt silicate precipitation tube (CoSPT), prepared through ‘silica garden’ route was found to be a
potential adsorbent for removal of cadmium from aqueous medium. Detail adsorption study of Cd(II) on
CoSPT was investigated. Batch adsorption studies were carried out as a function of contact time, adsorbent
dose, adsorbate concentration (50-300 mg L-1), temperature (298-323K). Cd(II) loading on CoSPT was
dependent on initial Cd(II) concentration. Experimental adsorption data were modeled using Freundlich and
Langmuir isotherm equations. pH variation study revealed that the adsorption increased with increase in pH
of the solution. Cd(II) loading capacity of CoSPT was estimated at 319 mg g-1, which ranks high amongst
efficient Cd(II) adsorbents. Adsorption data were analyzed using two kinetic models, Lagergren first order
and pseudo second order. It was observed that pseudo second order rate equation represented the best
correlation.
Study on Ni 0.5-X Znx Cu0.5 Fe2 O4 Sintered Ferrite System Using Xrd & High F...paperpublications3
Abstract: Nickel ,Zinc, copper Mixed spinel ferrite compound was synthesized by using High field technique method and the well ground powder is fired at 9000C for 20 hours and furnace cooled approximately at the rate of 1000C per hour. The resulting powders were characterized by X- ray diffraction (XRD). The magnetic properties of the compound analyzed by hysteresis loop measured using high field measurements.
Keywords: Ferrites, High field measurements, Hysteresis loop X - ray diffraction.
Effect of glycine as an impurity on the properties of Epsomite single crystalsIOSR Journals
Epsomite (MgSO4.7H2O) is a hydrogen bonded crystal having a wide range of applications in various fields. Pure and glycine added Epsomite (a total of six) single crystals have been grown and characterized in order to investigate the effect of glycine as an impurity on the properties of Epsomite crystals.The densities and lattice parameters observed indicate that the impurity molecules have entered into the crystal matrix. The grown crystals exhibit good optical transparency in the wavelength range 210-1100 nm. Second harmonic generation measurements indicate that they are nonlinear optically active. Results obtained through microhardness measurements follow the normal indentation size effect. Electrical (AC and DC) measurements indicate that all the six crystals grown in the present study exhibit a normal dielectric behavior and the electrical conduction is understood to be due to the protonic movement. Moreover, glycine addition is found to reduce εr value significantly indicating the possibility of Epsomite crystal becoming a low -εr value dielectric material.
Effect of Ytterbium Substitution on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of...ijtsrd
A series of ytterbium substituted Zinc ferrites Zn YbxFe1 x 2O4 with x=0.0000, 0.0125, 0.0250, 0.0375, 0.0500 was synthesized by the solid state method. The structural characterizations of all the prepared samples were done by using X ray diffraction XRD . These studies confirmed the formation of single phase structure in all compositions. The increase in the value of lattice parameter with increase in ytterbium concentration suggests the expansion of unit cell. Crystallinity and the crystallite size are observed to increase with the concentration of Ytterbium. The substitution of ytterbium strongly influences the magnetic characteristics and this is confirmed from the magnetization measurements at room temperature. Zar Zar Myint Aung "Effect of Ytterbium Substitution on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Zinc Ferrite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27826.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/27826/effect-of-ytterbium-substitution-on-the-structural-and-magnetic-properties-of-nanocrystalline-zinc-ferrite/zar-zar-myint-aung
Characterization of mixed crystals of sodium chlorate and sodium bromate and ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Direct Synthesis Carbon/Metal Oxide Composites for Electrochemical Capacitors...drboon
This paper deals with the study of the carbon/metal oxide composites synthesis for electrochemical capacitor electrode material. Transition metal salts, such as FeCl3 and TiCl3 act as activator in the synthesis of activated carbon from gelam wood sawdust (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) which also have the functions as substrates for the composites. The surface functionalities of activated carbons were modified using oxidative treatments. The changes on crystallography and surface functionalities were analyzed based on XRD and FTIR data. The electrical conductivities and electrochemical properties were determined using kelvin and cyclic voltammetry methods, respectively. FTIR analyses showed that the activation and oxidation treatments affected their surface functionalities. The XRD analyses showed that oxidative treatments also affected carbons crystallite. The electrical conductivities and electrochemical properties were influenced by their crystallite and surface functionalities. The shape of the cyclic voltammograms varied according to the changes on the surface functionalities and on the metals loading. TEM analyses indicated the existence of nanoparticles metal oxides in the carbon samples.
Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexene, Toluene and Ethyl Benzene Catalyzed by Bi...Iranian Chemical Society
Bis-(L-tyrosinato)copper(II) was reacted with 3-(chloropropyl)-trimethoxysilane functionalized silica that has infused magnetite to yield a magnetically separable catalyst in which the copper carboxylate is covalently linked to the silica matrix through the silane linkage. The immobilized catalyst has been characterized by spectroscopic studies (such as FT-IR, EPR, Magnetic Measurement, SEM) and chemical analyses. The immobilized catalytic system functions as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for oxidation of cyclohexene, toluene and ethyl benzene in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (as an oxidant) and sodium bicarbonate (a co-catalyst). The reaction conditions have been optimized for solvent, temperature and amount of oxidant and catalyst. Comparison of the encapsulated catalyst with the corresponding homogeneous catalyst showed that the heterogeneous catalyst had higher activity and selectivity than the homogeneous catalyst. The immobilized catalyst could be readily recovered from the reaction mixture by using a simple magnet, and reused up to five times without any loss of activity.
A study of micro structural, magnetic and electrical properties of La-Co-Sm n...IJECEIAES
A Lanthanum (La 3+ ) doped Samarium-Cobalt nanoferrites (La_x,Co_0.2,Sm_0.2,Fe_(2-x) O_4, where x=0.0,0.5,1.0) have been synthesized by sol-gel method in citrate media. Obtained spinal ferrites micro structure properties have been investigated by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and TEM-SAED techniques. All the samples are nano in size with significant hysteresis. Micro structural analysis by XRD confirms the obtained samples showing the single phase cubic spinal structures with an average crystal size found from 12 nm to 25 nm, while the average particles sizes identified from TEM analysis are ranging from 21.5nm-26.8 nm (~23.4nm) and from 20.5 nm to 28(~26.4nm) nm for x=0.5,1.0. The lattice parameter found to be a= 8.402, 8.423, 8.467Å for the respective values of x= 0.0, 0.05, and 1.0. Electrical properties show increase in dc resistivity with increase in La ion concentration. Finally, it was concluded that the doping of Lanthanum ion (La 3+ ) in the ferrites structure is found to influencing the structural and electrical properties without scarifying the ferromagnetic character.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Studies On The Cobalt(II) And Copper(II) Complexes Of 2,5-Substituted 1,3,4-T...IOSR Journals
New metal complexes of Co(II),and Cu(II) have been synthesized by reacting metal solutions with the ligand 2,5-substituted 1,3,4-triazoles in alcoholic medium. Molecular formulae of the complexes were determined and are further characterized by IR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductance studies. The ligand acts as a bidentate ligand co-ordinating through the nitrogen atoms present in the ring.
Photocatalytic degradation of some organic dyes under solar light irradiation...Iranian Chemical Society
Nanoparticles of the ZnO and TiO2 were synthesized and the physicochemical properties of the compounds were characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD patterns of the ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles could be indexed to hexagonal and rutile phase, respectively. Aggregated nanoparticles of ZnO and TiO2 with spherical-like shapes were observed with particle diameter in the range of 80-100 nm. These nanoparticles were used for photocatalytic degradation of various dyes, Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB) and Acridine orange (AO) under solar light irradiation at room temperature. Effect of the amount of catalyst on the rate of photodegradation was investigated. In general, because ZnO is unstable, due to incongruous dissolution to yield Zn(OH)2 on the ZnO particle surfaces and thus leading to catalyst inactivation,the catalytic activity of the system for photodegradation of dyes decreased dramatically when TiO2 was replaced by ZnO.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Copper Oxide nanoparticlesIOSR Journals
Cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical route by calcinations at a higher temperature from 300oC to 400 oC. For the comparison transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were made through JCPDS. There is good agreement between data produced by spectroscopy and the microscopic measurements.
A Simple Thermal Treatment Synthesis and Characterization of Ni-Zn Ferrite (N...IOSR Journals
Cubic structured nickel-zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) have been synthesized by thermal treatment method. This simple procedure employed an aqueous solution containing only metal nitrates as precursors, polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a capping agent, and deionized water as a solvent. The solution was thoroughly stirred for 2 hour, dried at 353 K for 3 hour, the dried material crushed into powder and calcined the powder at 873 K to remove organic substances and crystallize the particles. The microstructure properties of the prepared ferrite nanoparticles were measured using FTIR, XRD, TEM, and EDX and the magnetic properties were determined using VSM and EPR. The average particle size increased from 7 to 22 nm with the increase of calcination temperature from 723 to 873 K. The saturation magnetization, coercivity field, and g-factor increased respectively from 24 emu/g, 11 G, and 2.0673at 723 K to 38 emu/g, 60 G, and 2.1227 at 873 K. This method offers simplicity, a low cost, and an environmentally friendly operation since it produces no by-product effluents.
Thermal and spectroscopy studies of Ag2SO4 and LiAgSO4IOSR Journals
A comparative study is conducted on the structure, electronic and spectroscopic properties of Ag2SO4 and LiAgSO4. Both the sulphates crystallise in an orthorhombic structure with the same space group of Fddd (70). A red shift in Raman modes indicates the stiffness of the crystal Ag2SO4 over LiAgSO4. From ESR, it is observed that these sulphates has Mn2+ impurities leading to the gav= 2.1040 at a field of 3255 G. This indicates that the Mn2+ ions have an environment close to octahedral symmetry. The g value corresponding to Ag2SO4 is 2.3005. The endothermic peaks in LiAgSO4 at 388.8 and 4200C are due to the formation of BCC structure of LiAgSO4. The peak at 420.90C in Ag2SO4 may be due to the phase transition of β-Ag2SO4 particles to α-Ag2SO4 on heating.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...albertdivis
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Similar to AusteniticAndFerriticStainlessSteelsInHighTemperatureCokingAtmosphere (20)
1. RESULTS (cont.)
Fig 5. XRD analysis results
316 430
Fig 4. 500x. Cross-sectional optical microscopy
CONCLUSIONS
• Optical microscopy surface analysis showed discoloration of 316
sample indicating oxidation.
• SEM surface analysis showed presence of carbon on the surface
of both samples
• XRD analysis of the 316 sample showed Eskolalite (Cr2O3),
Magnetite (Fe3O4), and ferrite. Presence of ferrite in an austenitic
steel (316) indicates that a portion of the austenitic phase
transformed to the ferritic phase. XRD analysis of the 430 sample
indicated it did not undergo any kind of phase transformation.
• Optical microscopy of cross-sections showed minimal differences
between alloys and that carbon attack of the materials was
minimal.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Zhang, J., & Young, D. J. (2008). Coking and Dusting of Fe–Ni Alloys in CO–
H2–H2O Gas Mixtures. Oxidation of Metals, 70(3-4), 189–211.
http://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-008-9115-0
2. Grabke, H. J., Müller-Lorenz, E. M., & Schneider, A. (2001). Carburization
and Metal Dusting on Iron. ISIJ International, 41(Suppl), S1–S8.
http://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.41.Suppl_S1
CONTACT INFORMATION
Steven Acker, Undergraduate Student. Materials Science and Engineering;
saacker@uwm.edu
Lizeth Ortiz, Undergraduate Student. Chemical Engineering;
ortizrey@uwm.edu
Dr. Benjamin Church, Assistant Professor. Faculty Advisor. Materials Science
and Engineering Department; church@uwm.edu
AKNOWLEDGES
Characterization work was carried out in the Advanced Analysis Facility (AAF)
and MSE Department Labs. We wish to thank Jim Myers at MetalTek for
supplying mass flow controller used in this testing.
Austenitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels in
High Temperature Coking Atmosphere
Steven Acker, Lizeth Ortiz
Undergraduate Students
Materials Science and Engineering
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Ben Church
INTRODUCTION
Coking is the process of carbon deposition from a gas phase
that is encountered in many petrochemical and other high
temperature process that can result in corrosion attack of the
metals used in those applications. Ferritic and Austenitic steels
are common materials used in these applications. This
research explored the performance of ferritic and austenitic
stainless steels in a high temperature coking atmosphere
simulated in a laboratory tube furnace. The materials were
analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) in order to compare the effect of carbon
deposition, metal dusting, and development of high
temperature oxide scale of both materials.
THERMODINAMYC ASPECTS
𝐶𝑂(𝑔) + 𝐻2 (𝑔) ↔ 𝐶(𝑠) + 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑔) 1
𝐻2 (𝑔) + ½𝑂2 (𝑔) ↔ 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑔 2
(1) Main reaction of the system, (2) secondary reaction.
The alloy is likely to be carburized when:
𝑎 𝐶 𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
≫ 𝑎 𝐶 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑦
Being ac the carbon activity of the system. When the
carburization follows reaction (1), the carbon activity in the
environment can be calculated by:
𝑎 𝐶 = 𝑒
−∆𝐺°
𝑅𝑇
𝑃𝐶𝑂 𝑃 𝐻2
𝑃 𝐻2 𝑂
3
Being:
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS
All partial pressures are in atmospheres (atm).
Mass Flow Controllers were used to accurately control the
flow of CO, H2 and Ar during the test.
Table 1. Composition of each alloy, in %.
PCO 0.25
PH2 0.25
PH2O 0.0050
ac 19.7
T (°C) 650
t (h) 120
ΔG Gibbs energy change, in calories
T Temperature of the system, in K
Pi Partial pressure
ac Carbon activity in the gaseous environment
R 1,987207cal/ (mol K)
MFC: Mass Flow Controller
Fig 1. Schematic of coking test setup
(a) (b)
Fig 2. Before (a) and after (b) heat treatment under coking atmosphere
RESULTS
316 430
Figure 3. Test coupon after heat treatment under coking atmosphere, middle
magnified surface image, and bottom 3000x surface SEM image
Tube Furnace
Ar
MFC
CO
MFC
H2
MFC Saturated LiCl,
T = 41 °C
Trap Bubbler
Burner
Angle (2𝜃)
316
α-Fe
Angle (2𝜃)
430
γ-Fe
𝐹𝑒3𝑂4
γ-Fe
𝐶𝑟2𝑂3
Par 0.495
PO2 2.77E-26
316 430
Chromium 16.0-18.0 16.0-18.0
Carbon 0.03 0.12 max
Nickel 10.0 – 14.0 0.50 max
Manganese 2.0 1.00 max