Online audio and video have grown tremendously in recent years. YouTube now streams over 5.5 billion videos per month in the US alone and over 6 billion songs have been downloaded from iTunes since 2003. Common uses of online media include entertainment, education, communication, and advertising. Audio and video files use various container and codec formats to store and compress data for streaming or progressive download. Popular platforms have emerged for hosting, streaming, sharing music and videos, and creating podcasts. Future trends may include more cross-platform services, instant sharing options, and content recognition technologies.

1. INF 385E Intro to IAWenbin ZhangAudio & Video

2. AgendaThe Past & NowUses of Web Audio & VideoAudio & Video FormatsStreamingVideo hostingOnline musicPodcastInternet TVWhat’s Hot and the Future

3. The PastNeilson’s usability guidelines for video and streaming media from 1999Didn’t you hate dial-up when it came to audio & video?

4. NowOn January 6, 2009, Phil Schiller announced that over 6 billion songs had been downloaded since the service first launched on April 28, 2003In 2008, Youtube surpassed yahoo and became the 2nd largest search engine; in March2009, YouTube surpassed 100M U.S.ViewersGoogle/YouTube streams 5.5 billion videos/month in the U.S.Every single minute, over 20 hours of videos are uploaded to youtube.iTunes store’s only 6 years old, and Youtube 4!!

5. How Are Online Audio & Video Used?Keeping abreast of trends and news (CNN, MSNBC, ESPN)Entertainment in multiple way (Hulu, Youtube, Last.fm)Elearning (Instructional, iTunes U, Audible)Live communications: Live chat(Skype, Google Talk via VoIP), Video conferencing, etc.Marketing & Advertising (pre-roll, post-roll, in-banner video ads; product/service demos)

6. How Are Online Audio & Video Used?Multipurpose: Edutainment=eLearning + Entertainment (You Suck At Photoshop)Advertainment=Advertising + Entertainment (Samsung HD Camera Trick Challenge; Tmobile Dance)Etc.

7. Audio & Video FormatsContainers: tells how the data are stored & can have metadata (FLV, MP4, Quicktime, Ogg)Codecs: Coder-decoder/ Compressor-decompressorLossless Audio Formats: Uncompressed:AIFF, WAV Compressed : FLAC, Monkey’s Audio, ShortenLossy Audio: MP3, AAC, Vorbis(ogg), WMA, RealAudio

8. Comparison of Audio compressions

9. Audio & Video FormatsVideo FormatsDigital Tape Formats: DV, HDV, AVCHDDigital Disc Formats: DVD, Blue-ray DiscLossy Formats: H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, MPEG-4 ASP, RealVideo, WMV

10. Encoder/TranscodersOpen Source: Format factory, Handbrake.fr, MediaCoderProprietary: Sorenson Squeeze, Apple Compressor, Adobe Media Encoder

11. StreamingBefore Streaming: Download before playbackAfter Streaming: Download as playbackProgressive Download(On-Demand Streaming): Flash Video, Quick Time Video… Files can be stored on regular Web servers, Using HTTP True Streaming(Living Streaming): Live broadcasting, Online Radio… A Streaming media server that executes control, Protocols vary(RTSP, RTP, etc.)

12. Video HostingHow to Choose GUC Video Sharing Sites:TrafficAudienceFile Size , Number &Time LimitsCompression QualityFormatsDownloadabilityEditing CapabilitiesAdsPayments

13. Emebbed Audio & VideoWanna Do It Yourself?Uploading Your Files to Your Web Server Embedding Multimedia Files in HTML by Using Special Tags(See w3school tutorial)Embedding Flash Video by Using Dreamveaver

14. Online Video PlatformWanna Meet Higher Demand & Have Your Own Youtube-looking Site?“White Brand Providers”Business Focused: Brightcove, VzaarConsumer Focused: FliggoOpen Source Video Sharing: PHPmotion, Plumi (Lunux)

15. Online MusicOnline Digital Music Stores: iTunes Music Store, Amazon Mp3, Rhapsody, Zune Market Place … Largest Amounts of Music, No More than 1$/songInternet Radio: Last.fm, Pandora, Shoutcast … All streaming, Little Playback but easy to tune in to your favorite genres

16. Online MusicOnline Music Databases & Search Engines: Internet Archives, Grooveshark… Download For Free: Limeware, Rapidlibrary… Free file sharing (especially if you wanna find bootleg records)

17. PodcastiPod + Broadcast = Podcast Series of digital media files that are released episodically and downloaded through RSSProducing: Audacity(Save as MP3)Publishing: Find a Host(Web host or Blog), Upload, Generate RSS Reeds, Submit to a Directory(iTunes, Zune, etc.)Don’t Forget ID3 Tags

18. Internet TVWed TV: Cnet TV, Rvision3, Adobe TV, G4 … Original, Episodic Shows Distributed Exclusively Online As Opposed to Legacy Broadcast; So-called Internet TV: Hulu … in a broader sense, Any Broadcast TV Shows Repackaged for Online Viewing P2PTV: BBC iPlayer(UK-based), Reeltime(US-based), PPstream(China-based) … Peer-2-peer application designed to redistribute video streams on a P2P network

19. What’s Hot and The FutureOnline Media Guides or Aggregators: Casttv, Clicker, Ovguide, Fancast …Cross-Platform Mass Distribution Services: Blip.tv, TubemogulInstant Video Sharing: 12seconds.tv, Qik, TokboxUser Generated Live Streaming: Ustream, Justin.tvContent Recognition for Music: Shazam, Midomi

20. Thank You AllQuestions?

21. ReferencesWikipedia entries: internet radiointernet televisionWeb televisionweb seriesP2PTVstreaming mediaonline music storecomparison of online music storeslist of streaming media systemslist of online music databasescomparison of streaming media systemsvideo hosting servicelist of video hosting websitescomparison of video servicesviral video

22. ReferencesPodcastpodcast in plain Englishhow to create podcasts Compression & CodecsAudio file formatCodecLossless comparisonWeb Video Compression and CodecsStreaming: http://webstreamer.doit.wisc.edu/StreamTutorial/tutorial6/player.html; http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flash/learning_guide/video/part02.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/streaming/server.htmlhttp://www.streamingmedia.com/article.asp?id=8456&page=1&c=11http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/compare/WebServVStreamServ.aspxNeilson:http://www.useit.com/alertbox/990808.htmlhttp://www.useit.com/alertbox/video.html