Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland: a new choice experiment

•

0 likes•157 views

The Mobility and Transport Microcensus (MTMC) is the largest Swiss travel diary survey. In its 2021 edition, questions on attitudes towards transportation policy were for the first time conducted as stated ranking and stated choice experiments. These question types forced respondents to define priorities between investments and to find a trade-off between (1) government investments to improve the Swiss transportation system and (2) policies financing these investments. This paper presents the development of the new questionnaire, the tested policy measures and outlines how data on attitudes towards transportation policy were collected in the main survey in 2021 and how they will be analysed.

Science

Federal Department of the Environment, Transport,
Energy and Communications DETEC
Federal Office for Spatial Development ARE
Fundamental Policy Questions
Attitudes towards
transportation policy in
Switzerland: a new choice
experiment
A. Danalet, T. Ohnmacht, A. Erath, N. A. Mathys
18 May 2022

1. Problem statement: «Yes» to investments, «No» to revenue sources
2. Stated Preference as new methodology: Stated Ranking and Stated Choices
3. Structure of the new questionnaire
4. Results, sample size and access to data
2
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
Content

3
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
«Yes» to investments, «No» to revenue sources
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Investing in transport safety
Investing in environmental protection measures
Investing in biking and walking infrastructure
Increasing the price of petrol
Increasing parking fees
Introducing a congestion charge
Public opinion on transport funding and use of revenues, 2015
For For under certain conditions Against Don't know No answer

4
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
No financial value associated with policy measures
40 18 38
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
MTMC: Increase of the price for the motorway vignette (general)
For For under certain circumstances Against Don't know No Answer
39.5 60.5
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Vote on the motorway vignette (from 40 to 100 francs increase)
Yes No

• No ranking between investment measures and between funding measures
• No link between use and funding measures
• The measures are not linked to a financial value
5
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
Problem statement

6
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
Stated Preference as new methodology:
Stated Ranking

7
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
Stated Preference as new methodology:
Stated Choices

8
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
Stated Preference as new methodology:
Stated Choices for Public Transport

9
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
Stated Preference as new methodology:
Stated Choices for Car

• “With this questionnaire, it is not clear to me whether my opinion really comes
into play. Therefore, let make me clear:
• petrol price increase yes,
• no tolls on congested roads,
• no more new lanes on motorways,
• financial support to lower the cost of buying energy-efficient cars,
• no price increase for railways,
• more local trains.'‘
• “Interesting type of questioning according to the “I chose the lesser of two evils”.
I am curious about the evaluations”.
10
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
Reactions during the pilot survey in 2017

~400 participants, in German only, per Post
• Stated Ranking less difficult to answer
11
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
Results of the pilot survey in 2017
Stated Ranking (SR)
• Less difficult to answer
• Less repetitive as the 2015 questions
• Results can be visually presented
 Both in the final questionnaire
Stated Choice (SC)
• Ranking of policy packages: complex
• Use of funds coherent with SR results
• No visual representation

12
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
Structure of the new questionnaire
Random selection of a category
Random selection of a category

Questions Answers
How interesting was it for you to fill in the questionnaire?
Interesting 40%
Not interesting 18%
How well did you understand the questions?
Easy 62%
Difficult 16%
How pleasant was it for you to fill in the questionnaire?
Pleasant 38%
Unpleasant 18%
How well did the questions/answers correspond to your personal situation?
Appropriate 36%
Not appropriate 22%
How would you rate the time it took you to complete the questionnaire?
Short 13%
Long 25%
13
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
Pretest survey 2019: Satisfaction of respondents

• Descriptive statistics as divergent bar chart
• Discrete choice models
14
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
Future analyses
Not the 2021 results!
Just an illustration!

• Publication (press conference, presse release, main report, …): Spring 2023
• > 3k policy-question respondents
• Data will be available for researchers with a data protection contract,
as for the other MTMC data
15
• a new choice experiment
Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland
Publication, sample size and access to the data

The aim of this work is twofold: to investigate the possibilities of model-based approach implementation in the official statistics so to ensure reliability of data for social conditions by different breakdowns; and to discuss advantages, disadvantages, and the potentiality of use of small area estimation techniques and tools in production of the official statistics. In order to try to analyse fitting of the models to different type of data, various run were conducted using several small area estimation techniques (such as empirical Bayesian, hierarchical Bayes, etc.) already built-in within the R software (packages sae, hbsae, etc.) to obtain area and unit level based at-risk-of-poverty estimates and the mean squared errors of the estimates

Transport Technology Research Innovation for International Development (T-TRI...

KTN

Under the Applied Research Programme in High Volume Transport (HVT), this competition will fund short projects supporting innovative and novel ideas that enable safer and more efficient transport in various countries across low income countries of Africa and South Asia. The competition is open to all types of businesses of any size, based anywhere in the world. The programme is implemented by IMC Worldwide, supported by KTN and funded by the Department for International Development. 2 Webinars were held on the 10th & 12th July 2018 covering: T-TRIID competition overview The four transport ‘challenges’ The application process How applications are assessed What funding is available and how it is awarded The key dates and deadlines Plus a chance to ask questions Find out more here: https://www.ktn-uk.co.uk/news/t-triid-competition-to-improve-transport-in-africa-and-south-asia-now-open

Exploring stakeholders' views in the context of collaborative, public health ...

Gemma Derrick

Step By Step: learning from implementing behavioural changes in transport

Wim Korver

Step By Step: learning from implementing behavioural changes in transport. The uniqueness of the Step-By-Step project is that it tries to combine, or maybe even to bridge the gap between different approaches to analysing mobility behaviour. One approach is strongly quantitative: if you cannot measure it, it is not important. The advantage is that this analytical approach is transparent and easily transferable from one situation to another. However, these kind of analytical studies lead quite often to general conclusions on why the mobility behaviour is as it is. Implications for policy makers are not that easy to make. On the other hand, the behavioural psychological approach is recognizable for policy makers and connects to a more intuitive approach. However, results and analysis based on a behavioural psychological approach lack a framework to transfer the results from one situation to another. The StepByStep approach aims to get the best of both worlds: transferability and recognisability. Within the Step-By-Step project mobility data is collected for 15 European cities. A comparative analysis will be performed resulting in a typology of cities based on their mobility characteristics. Three (initial) city clusters are distinguished: multimodal oriented, transit oriented, and car oriented. In total 31 cases with a behavioural intervention will be analysed. An assessment will be made of the success of the behavioural intervention. The success factor is based on five steps (process, implementation, (quality of the) evaluation, realisation of objectives and structural impact). The Step By Step project is coordinated by Goudappel Coffeng. Partners are: TU Dresden, WSP Sweden and IBDiM.

OECD GOV Open government data

adamlerouge

1) The document outlines the OECD's project to understand and measure the impact of open government data initiatives through developing an assessment methodology and surveying OECD countries. 2) An initial working paper was produced in 2013 and a survey of OECD countries was conducted to understand open data strategies, implementation challenges, and value generated. 3) Emerging results from the survey show most countries aim to increase transparency but face organizational and funding challenges in developing open data policies. Further analysis is needed to fully understand open data's impact.

Designing Policy Experimentation

Danish Design Centre

D2-AM - Session 5.2 - Helena LOF & Lina NILSSON, Sweden

OECD Governance

This document summarizes research on mobility resources in Switzerland in 2015. The researchers used a logit model to analyze data from a 2015 mobility and transport survey to predict individuals' likelihood of having different mobility resources based on attributes like age, income, location, and occupation. The model showed that availability of resources like cars, public transit passes, and bikes varied significantly based on these attributes. The results were validated against the actual survey data and can be used to generate a synthetic population for transport modeling in Switzerland.

Developing National Adaptation Monitoring and Evaluation Systems

NAP Global Network

Spending reviews - Birgit TEN CATE, Netherlands

OECD Governance

National monitoring, reporting and evaluation of climate change adaptation in...

OECD Environment

National monitoring, reporting and evaluation of climate change adaptation in Europe provides information through various channels supported by a European Topic Centre. Most European countries have national adaptation strategies and plans, with many now in the implementation stage. Monitoring and reporting on adaptation has increased, but evaluation is still developing due to challenges around data availability, methods, and the long timeframes of climate impacts. Sharing experiences and learning across countries can help improve adaptation policy and practice.

BRAINPOoL Final Conference: Introduction to the Project

nefwellbeing

This document summarizes the findings and recommendations of the BRAINPOoL project, which aimed to identify barriers to using alternative indicators beyond GDP in policymaking. The project found three main categories of barriers - political, indicator-related, and process/structural. Specifically, it identified a lack of democratic legitimacy for alternative objectives, unclear narrative, and lack of imperative for change as political barriers. It recommended developing processes for citizen engagement, establishing legitimacy, and developing a narrative around alternative indicators. The document focuses on these recommendations at its concluding conference.

Measuring Progress in Implementing National Adaptation policies.pdf

OECD Environment

Theo Roelandt: In Praise of Heroic Policy Making

Theo Roelandt

This document summarizes a speech given by Dr. Theo Roelandt on evidence-based policy making. The speech calls for more rigorous impact assessment of policies using experimental and empirical methods. It outlines the speaker's policy impact assessment strategy, which involves developing clear intervention theories, monitoring key indicators, and evaluating policies using randomized controlled trials, natural experiments, and small-scale policy experiments. Examples provided include an evaluation of innovation credits in the Netherlands using a differences-in-differences approach and a behavioral insights experiment on reducing food waste in restaurants. The speech concludes by discussing some of the complexities in applying experimental methods to policy making.

Transport scotland

STEP_scotland

This document provides an overview and timeline of the Transport and Air Quality initiative called STEP (Scottish Transport Emissions Partnership). It discusses STEP's mission and goals of improving air quality through communication and promoting discussion. It outlines STEP's activities in 2013 including an event, sensor program, and annual survey. The survey asked about STEP's effectiveness, preferred communication methods, and what STEP should do in the future. Respondents generally found STEP's effectiveness moderate and provided suggestions like increasing visibility, educating the public, and pushing for stronger emissions reduction targets and policies.

The potential of smartphone data for national travel surveys

Antonin Danalet

The latte levy; Why environmental policy requires theory in design and the pu...

Peter King

Ivo cré, novatoriškų idėjų perdavimas viešajame transporte tide projekto pati...

Sį Susisiekimo Paslaugos

TIDE is a 3-year EU project that aims to enhance the adoption of innovative urban transport solutions across Europe. It works with 15 cities to demonstrate new measures and provides tools to analyze measures' impacts and assess their potential for transfer. TIDE developed methodologies for impact assessment and transferability analysis to help cities understand measures' effects and readiness for implementation. It shares knowledge on measures like multimodal pricing, traveler information apps, bus priority, and integrated transit authorities to encourage more widespread adoption of innovation in public transport.

Sandrine RATH, Christiane ARBOGAST and Patrick DELECRAZ: Two approaches to im...

Territorial Intelligence

The document discusses two approaches used by the Relais Emploi of Strasbourg to analyze and understand the public they serve. The first is a classical analysis using statistical data and input from professionals. The second is a "Catalyse" analysis using a territorial intelligence tool to identify profile types, groups, and cohorts. Both approaches are used to provide an objective description of client circumstances and inform the organization's activities and decision-making.

Sandrine RATH, Christiane ARBOGAST and Patrick DELECRAZ: Two approaches to im...

Territorial Intelligence

Evidencing the Benefits of Cluster Programmes by Madeline Smith, James Wilso...

TCI Network

The document discusses challenges around evaluating cluster programs and proposes a framework to assess their effects. It reviews literature finding clusters positively impact firm innovation, productivity, and regional growth. Case studies of cluster programs found effects on collaboration, economic performance, and regional competitiveness. Participants discussed populating the framework with indicators and applying it to a UK cluster initiative case. Key questions for cluster evaluation include what level and types of effects the policy aims to achieve. The working group seeks to advance understanding and practice of cluster evaluation.

DELSA/GOV 3rd Health meeting - Barbara UBALDI

OECD Governance

European Commission: 2015 Building for Growth

Erasmus+ UK National Agency

Policy evaluation in the Netherlands -- Birgit ten Cate - Netherlands

OECD Governance

This document summarizes the evaluation system and policy review process in the Netherlands. It discusses the main evaluation instruments, including policy reviews conducted by line departments and spending reviews led by the Ministry of Finance. It notes several issues with the current approach, including a lack of data, quality concerns, asking the wrong questions at the wrong time, and lack of impact on actual policy changes. Finally, it considers some alternatives to improve policy reviews, such as starting the review process earlier, increasing cooperation with researchers to enhance data quality, and establishing more external influence to ensure a critical perspective.

Decentralised Development Cooperation ODA Extended by local and regional gove...

OECDregions

The cost of acquiring information by natural selection

Carl Bergstrom

This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome. It's based on the first part of this research paper: The cost of information acquisition by natural selection Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577

Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...

Sérgio Sacani

We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS + 53.13485 − 27.82088 with a host spectroscopic redshift of 2.903 ± 0.007 . The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red ( � ⁢ ( � − � ) ∼ 0.9 ) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity ( 19 , 000 ± 2 , 000 km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low- � Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low- � cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement ( ≲ 1 ⁢ � ) with Λ CDM. Therefore unlike low- � Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high- � truly diverge from their low- � counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.

Similar to Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland: a new choice experiment

United Nations environment programme – share the road global NMT policy report

Tristan Wiggill

Exploring the stakeholders' views in the context of collaborative, public hea...

Gemma Derrick

Mobility Resources in Switzerland in 2015

Antonin Danalet

Developing National Adaptation Monitoring and Evaluation Systems

NAP Global Network

Spending reviews - Birgit TEN CATE, Netherlands

OECD Governance

National monitoring, reporting and evaluation of climate change adaptation in...

OECD Environment

BRAINPOoL Final Conference: Introduction to the Project

nefwellbeing

Measuring Progress in Implementing National Adaptation policies.pdf

OECD Environment

Theo Roelandt: In Praise of Heroic Policy Making

Theo Roelandt

Transport scotland

STEP_scotland

The potential of smartphone data for national travel surveys

Antonin Danalet

The latte levy; Why environmental policy requires theory in design and the pu...

Peter King

Ivo cré, novatoriškų idėjų perdavimas viešajame transporte tide projekto pati...

Sį Susisiekimo Paslaugos

Sandrine RATH, Christiane ARBOGAST and Patrick DELECRAZ: Two approaches to im...

Territorial Intelligence

Sandrine RATH, Christiane ARBOGAST and Patrick DELECRAZ: Two approaches to im...

Territorial Intelligence

Evidencing the Benefits of Cluster Programmes by Madeline Smith, James Wilso...

TCI Network

DELSA/GOV 3rd Health meeting - Barbara UBALDI

OECD Governance

European Commission: 2015 Building for Growth

Erasmus+ UK National Agency

Policy evaluation in the Netherlands -- Birgit ten Cate - Netherlands

OECD Governance

Decentralised Development Cooperation ODA Extended by local and regional gove...

OECDregions

Similar to Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland: a new choice experiment (20)

United Nations environment programme – share the road global NMT policy report

Exploring the stakeholders' views in the context of collaborative, public hea...

Mobility Resources in Switzerland in 2015

Developing National Adaptation Monitoring and Evaluation Systems

Spending reviews - Birgit TEN CATE, Netherlands

National monitoring, reporting and evaluation of climate change adaptation in...

BRAINPOoL Final Conference: Introduction to the Project

Measuring Progress in Implementing National Adaptation policies.pdf

Theo Roelandt: In Praise of Heroic Policy Making

Transport scotland

The potential of smartphone data for national travel surveys

The latte levy; Why environmental policy requires theory in design and the pu...

Ivo cré, novatoriškų idėjų perdavimas viešajame transporte tide projekto pati...

Sandrine RATH, Christiane ARBOGAST and Patrick DELECRAZ: Two approaches to im...

Evidencing the Benefits of Cluster Programmes by Madeline Smith, James Wilso...

DELSA/GOV 3rd Health meeting - Barbara UBALDI

European Commission: 2015 Building for Growth

Policy evaluation in the Netherlands -- Birgit ten Cate - Netherlands

Decentralised Development Cooperation ODA Extended by local and regional gove...

Recently uploaded

The cost of acquiring information by natural selection

Carl Bergstrom

Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...

Sérgio Sacani

gastroretentive drug delivery system-PPT.pptx

Shekar Boddu

IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE AND ITS BENIFITS.pptx

OmAle5

Physiology of Nervous System presentation.pptx

fatima132662

ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...

Advanced-Concepts-Team

Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024. Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA) Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial Abstract: In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.

TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx

shubhijain836

JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS

Sérgio Sacani

The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.

在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样

vluwdy49

学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才

Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE

University of Maribor

Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration

Vandana Devesh Sharma

Classification Metal ion ion indicators Masking and demasking reagents Estimation of Magnisium sulphate Calcium gluconate Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types- 1.Direct Titration 2.Back Titration 3.Replacement Titration 4.Indirect Titration Masking agent, Demasking agents formation of complex comparition between masking and demasking agents, Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators, Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators Instrumental Techniques-Photometry Potentiometry Miscellaneous methods. Complex titration with EDTA.

Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf

sammy700571

Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts

Sérgio Sacani

The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.

HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf

Ritik83251

MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...

ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA

Microbial interaction Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways. One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont. Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition Types of microbial interaction Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition I. Mutualism: It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other. Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species. Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms. Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone. Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism. Examples of mutualism: i. Lichens: Lichens are excellent example of mutualism. They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called II. Syntrophism: It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism. In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits. Compound A Utilized by population 1 Compound B Utilized by population 2 Compound C utilized by both Population 1+2 Products In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone. Examples of syntrophism: i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria. Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane. ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis: In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone. The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid

GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins

Areesha Ahmad

快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样

hozt8xgk

学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才

Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...

frank0071

cathode ray oscilloscope and its applications

sandertein

LEARNING TO LIVE WITH LAWS OF MOTION .pptx

yourprojectpartner05

Recently uploaded (20)

The cost of acquiring information by natural selection

Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...

gastroretentive drug delivery system-PPT.pptx

IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE AND ITS BENIFITS.pptx

Physiology of Nervous System presentation.pptx

ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...

TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx

JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS

在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样

Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE

Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration

Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf

Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts

HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf

MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...

GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins

快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样

Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...

cathode ray oscilloscope and its applications

LEARNING TO LIVE WITH LAWS OF MOTION .pptx

Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland: a new choice experiment

1. Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications DETEC Federal Office for Spatial Development ARE Fundamental Policy Questions Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland: a new choice experiment A. Danalet, T. Ohnmacht, A. Erath, N. A. Mathys 18 May 2022

2. 1. Problem statement: «Yes» to investments, «No» to revenue sources 2. Stated Preference as new methodology: Stated Ranking and Stated Choices 3. Structure of the new questionnaire 4. Results, sample size and access to data 2 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland Content

3. 3 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland «Yes» to investments, «No» to revenue sources 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Investing in transport safety Investing in environmental protection measures Investing in biking and walking infrastructure Increasing the price of petrol Increasing parking fees Introducing a congestion charge Public opinion on transport funding and use of revenues, 2015 For For under certain conditions Against Don't know No answer

4. 4 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland No financial value associated with policy measures 40 18 38 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% MTMC: Increase of the price for the motorway vignette (general) For For under certain circumstances Against Don't know No Answer 39.5 60.5 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Vote on the motorway vignette (from 40 to 100 francs increase) Yes No

5. • No ranking between investment measures and between funding measures • No link between use and funding measures • The measures are not linked to a financial value 5 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland Problem statement

6. 6 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland Stated Preference as new methodology: Stated Ranking

7. 7 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland Stated Preference as new methodology: Stated Choices

8. 8 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland Stated Preference as new methodology: Stated Choices for Public Transport

9. 9 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland Stated Preference as new methodology: Stated Choices for Car

10. • “With this questionnaire, it is not clear to me whether my opinion really comes into play. Therefore, let make me clear: • petrol price increase yes, • no tolls on congested roads, • no more new lanes on motorways, • financial support to lower the cost of buying energy-efficient cars, • no price increase for railways, • more local trains.'‘ • “Interesting type of questioning according to the “I chose the lesser of two evils”. I am curious about the evaluations”. 10 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland Reactions during the pilot survey in 2017

11. ~400 participants, in German only, per Post • Stated Ranking less difficult to answer 11 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland Results of the pilot survey in 2017 Stated Ranking (SR) • Less difficult to answer • Less repetitive as the 2015 questions • Results can be visually presented  Both in the final questionnaire Stated Choice (SC) • Ranking of policy packages: complex • Use of funds coherent with SR results • No visual representation

12. 12 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland Structure of the new questionnaire Random selection of a category Random selection of a category

13. Questions Answers How interesting was it for you to fill in the questionnaire? Interesting 40% Not interesting 18% How well did you understand the questions? Easy 62% Difficult 16% How pleasant was it for you to fill in the questionnaire? Pleasant 38% Unpleasant 18% How well did the questions/answers correspond to your personal situation? Appropriate 36% Not appropriate 22% How would you rate the time it took you to complete the questionnaire? Short 13% Long 25% 13 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland Pretest survey 2019: Satisfaction of respondents

14. • Descriptive statistics as divergent bar chart • Discrete choice models 14 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland Future analyses Not the 2021 results! Just an illustration!

15. • Publication (press conference, presse release, main report, …): Spring 2023 • > 3k policy-question respondents • Data will be available for researchers with a data protection contract, as for the other MTMC data 15 • a new choice experiment Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland Publication, sample size and access to the data

Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland: a new choice experiment

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland: a new choice experiment

Similar to Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland: a new choice experiment (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Attitudes towards transportation policy in Switzerland: a new choice experiment