This document discusses attachment development in infants and children. It describes four stages of attachment formation from 0-3 months, 3-6 months, 6 months to 2 years, and after 2 years old. It also describes the four types of attachment seen in the Strange Situation experiment: secure attachment (60%), avoidant attachment (15%), resistant attachment (10%), and disoriented attachment (15%).

1. Types of attachment
The development
stage of attachment
Definition
Attachment

2. Definition
It refers to a strong, lasting, positive
and affectionate emotional connection
between an individual and a specific
individual (the caregiver, or others, or
group).
Bowlby, 1969

3. Preattachment
Attachment in the
making
Clear attachment
interrelationship formation
0-3
month
s
3-6
month
s
6 months-2
years
after 2
years old
T h e d e v e l o p m e n t
s t a g e o f
a t t a c h m e n t

4. At this stage, infants are selective in their
responses to people, reacting less in the
presence of strangers than in the presence
of their parents' relatives.
During this stage, infants begin to develop
anxiety about strangers, become attached
to specific people only, and especially
prefer to stay with their mothers.
At this last stage, children are gradually
able to understand their mothers'
motivations and behaviors and adjust their
emotional and behavioral responses
accordingly.
At this stage, the infant's reaction to all
people is the same and cannot be
differentiated, and he will smile or vocalize
when he sees anyone。

6. （Mary Ainsworth,1978, 1983）
1.Parents and children
enter unfamiliar rooms
together.
2.The child explores the
room.
3.Strangers come in, talk
to parents, and approach
children.
4.Parents leave quietly.

7. Types of
attachment
S
D
A R
secure attachment（60%）
Babies may or may not cry
when their mothers leave. But
they cry because they want
their mother to be present more
than a stranger. When their
mothers return, they
immediately stop crying.
avoidant attachment（15%）
The infant often showed no
distress during separation with
the mother, interacted with the
stranger similarly to how he or
she would interact with the
mother, and showed slight signs
of avoidance when reunited with
the mother.
resistant attachment（10%）
They are anxious when their
mother leaves, fearful of
strangers, scream and kick
when she returns, and are
difficult to soothe with little
exploration of their environment.
disoriented attachment（15%）
This type of infant has a
mixture of avoidant and
resistant attachment
characteristics, and is hesitant
to approach or avoid the
caregiver.