Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin condition seen in individuals with a personal or family history of atopy. It is characterized by periods of flare-ups and remission influenced by environmental and emotional factors. The diagnosis is based on clinical features including pruritus, typical morphology and distribution of lesions, and a history of atopy. Management involves identifying triggering factors, using topical emollients and corticosteroids, oral antihistamines and antibiotics, and more intensive therapies for severe cases such as phototherapy or immunosuppressants.
PRINCIPLES OF CRYOSURGERY
Cryosurgery (cryotherapy) is the application of extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue.
The term comes from the Greek words cryo ("icy cold") and surgery meaning "hand work" or "handiwork".
Cryosurgery has been historically used to treat several diseases and disorders, especially variety of benign and malignant skin conditions.
Mechanism of cryosurgery
o The destructive effect of freezing tissue has been categorized into two major mechanisms-
Immediate cell destruction.
Delayed cell destruction.
Application techniques
Probe freezing: It is done by direct application of a probe tip to the lesion. The cryogen circulates through the probe tip and super cools it, when allowed to contact the target tissue. Probe freezing can be accomplished by one of the two mechanisms: contact freezing and penetration freezing.
In contact freezing, firm contact is made between the cryoprobe and the target tissue.
While in penetration freezing probe penetrates the target tissue, providing a large area of direct contact.
Spray freezing: It is done by direct application of the liquid nitrogen to the tissue and is the most destructive method. Liquid nitrogen is delivered to the target tissue at such a volume and velocity that it evaporates at the edge of the lesion. The spray orifice allows deeper and faster tissue penetration than the probe tip but the probe method is safer and more precise.
Benefits of Cryosurgery in Veterinary Medicine
Painless.
No Preparation.
No post op care.
No open wounds – No Bleeding.
No suturing.
No general anaesthesia – safe for older animals.
Rapid treatment time – only seconds.
Cost Effective.
Pressure to treat lesion.
Pinpoint Accuracy.
CryoProbe’s different micro applicators tips allow pinpoint accuracy to treat skin lesions from 1mm to 8mm in size.
Blue dot applicator Applications 1-3 mm.
White dot applicator Applications 2-4 mm.
Green dot applicator Applications 3-6 mm.
Yellow dot applicator Applications 4-10 mm.
Lesions
With the CryoProbe you will be able to treat (but not limited) to the following lesions successfully:
Perianal Adenomas.
Epuli.
Papilloma.
Lick Granulomas.
Warts.
Small Sarcoids.
Eye Lid Tumors.
You will be able to quickly and easily treat skin lesions that you could not treat before without undesired side effects.
Disadvantages of Cryosurgery
As with the advantages of cryosurgery, the disadvantages can also be categorized into those for the clinician and those for the patient.
Disadvantages for the clinician include the following:
Liquid nitrogen needs to be delivered and stored. A liquid nitrogen generator may be purchased. If that is not done, nitrous oxide tanks or other supplies will need to be replenished as needed.
The word Psoriasis is derived from Greek word ‘Psora’ means itching.
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease results in patches of thick red skin covered with the silvery scales.
It affect approximately 2% of the population.
It occurs in any age group, most commonly occur in people between 15 – 35 years of age.
arterial ulcers,Chronic ulcers, non healing ulcers, definition, wound healing ,causes of non healing ulcers, management of arterial ulcers, wound dressings, kandy society of medicine
Hereditary disorder of keratinization characterized by expanding atrophic anular patch(es) surrounded by prominent keratotic ridge called the cornoid lamella
PRINCIPLES OF CRYOSURGERY
Cryosurgery (cryotherapy) is the application of extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue.
The term comes from the Greek words cryo ("icy cold") and surgery meaning "hand work" or "handiwork".
Cryosurgery has been historically used to treat several diseases and disorders, especially variety of benign and malignant skin conditions.
Mechanism of cryosurgery
o The destructive effect of freezing tissue has been categorized into two major mechanisms-
Immediate cell destruction.
Delayed cell destruction.
Application techniques
Probe freezing: It is done by direct application of a probe tip to the lesion. The cryogen circulates through the probe tip and super cools it, when allowed to contact the target tissue. Probe freezing can be accomplished by one of the two mechanisms: contact freezing and penetration freezing.
In contact freezing, firm contact is made between the cryoprobe and the target tissue.
While in penetration freezing probe penetrates the target tissue, providing a large area of direct contact.
Spray freezing: It is done by direct application of the liquid nitrogen to the tissue and is the most destructive method. Liquid nitrogen is delivered to the target tissue at such a volume and velocity that it evaporates at the edge of the lesion. The spray orifice allows deeper and faster tissue penetration than the probe tip but the probe method is safer and more precise.
Benefits of Cryosurgery in Veterinary Medicine
Painless.
No Preparation.
No post op care.
No open wounds – No Bleeding.
No suturing.
No general anaesthesia – safe for older animals.
Rapid treatment time – only seconds.
Cost Effective.
Pressure to treat lesion.
Pinpoint Accuracy.
CryoProbe’s different micro applicators tips allow pinpoint accuracy to treat skin lesions from 1mm to 8mm in size.
Blue dot applicator Applications 1-3 mm.
White dot applicator Applications 2-4 mm.
Green dot applicator Applications 3-6 mm.
Yellow dot applicator Applications 4-10 mm.
Lesions
With the CryoProbe you will be able to treat (but not limited) to the following lesions successfully:
Perianal Adenomas.
Epuli.
Papilloma.
Lick Granulomas.
Warts.
Small Sarcoids.
Eye Lid Tumors.
You will be able to quickly and easily treat skin lesions that you could not treat before without undesired side effects.
Disadvantages of Cryosurgery
As with the advantages of cryosurgery, the disadvantages can also be categorized into those for the clinician and those for the patient.
Disadvantages for the clinician include the following:
Liquid nitrogen needs to be delivered and stored. A liquid nitrogen generator may be purchased. If that is not done, nitrous oxide tanks or other supplies will need to be replenished as needed.
The word Psoriasis is derived from Greek word ‘Psora’ means itching.
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease results in patches of thick red skin covered with the silvery scales.
It affect approximately 2% of the population.
It occurs in any age group, most commonly occur in people between 15 – 35 years of age.
arterial ulcers,Chronic ulcers, non healing ulcers, definition, wound healing ,causes of non healing ulcers, management of arterial ulcers, wound dressings, kandy society of medicine
Hereditary disorder of keratinization characterized by expanding atrophic anular patch(es) surrounded by prominent keratotic ridge called the cornoid lamella
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a long-term type of inflammation of the skin (dermatitis). It results in itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin. Clear fluid may come from the affected areas, which often thickens over time. While the condition may occur at any age
This is a lecture given at the American University of Beirut for medical students during their dermatology rotation as an elective.
It is an introductory lecture about skin inflammatory diseases.
hanifin and rajka criteria, entymology, definition of AD, atopy, etiopathogenesis of AD, genetics in AD, filaggrin, epidermal barrier dysfunction, atopic march, hygiene hypothesis, infantile phase of AD, childhood phase of AD, adult phase of AD, pityriasis alba, denne morgan folds, dirty neck appearence, nipple dermatitis, hanifin and rajka criteria, UK refinement of hanifin and rajka criteria, millenium criteria of AD, japanese dermatological association criteria, management of AD, wet wrap therapy,
Eczema - A Case Presentation (by Dr. Julius King Kwedhi)Dr. Julius Kwedhi
Eczema: Come from the Greek name for boiling, a reference to the tiny vesicles (bubbles) that are commonly seen in the early acute stage of the disease
An immune-mediated inflammation of the skin arising from an interaction between genetic (e.g. epidermal barrier function, immune system) and environmental factors (foods, airborne allergens, Staphylococcus aureus colonization on skin due to deficiencies in endogenous antimicrobial peptides, topical products)
The eczemas are a disparate group of diseases, but unified by the presence of itch and, in the acute stages, of oedema (spongiosis) in the epidermis
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
3. Atopic dermatitis
A chronic, immune-mediated, pruritic, inflammatory skin condition
seen in atopic individuals.
Asthma
Allergic
Rhinitis
(Hay fever)
Atopic
Dermatitis
Atopic Triad
4. Atopic dermatitis
Marked by alternating periods of remission and flare-ups.
A result of complex interplay between environmental, immunologic,
genetic and pharmacologic factors.
Aggravated by infection, psychological stress, seasonal changes,
irritants, and allergens.
5. Atopic dermatitis
Diagnosis
It cannot be precisely defined as it does not have specific skin
changes, histologic features or diagnostic laboratory test.
The diagnosis is usually arrived on the basis of clinical findings,
comprising three or more major criteria and three or more minor
criteria (Hanifin and Rajka, 1980).
6. Atopic dermatitis
Diagnostic criteria : Major features
Pruritus.
Typical morphology and distribution - Facial and extensor
involvement in infants and children, flexural lichenification in adults.
Chronic or relapsing dermatitis.
Personal or family history of atopy (atopic dermatitis; asthma;
allergic rhinitis).
7. Atopic dermatitis
Diagnostic criteria : Minor features
Xerosis
Ichthyosis, palmar hyperlinearity, or keratosis pilaris
Immediate (type 1) skin-test reactivity
Raised serum IgE
Early age of onset
Tendency toward cutaneous infections (especially S aureus and
herpes simplex) or impaired cell-mediated immunity
Tendency toward non-specific hand or foot dermatitis
Nipple eczema
Cheilitis , Recurrent conjunctivitis
Dennie-Morgan- infraorbital fold
8. Atopic dermatitis
Diagnostic criteria : Minor features
Keratoconus
Anterior subcapsular cataracts
Orbital darkening
Facial pallor or facial erythema
Pityriasis alba
Anterior neck folds
Itch when sweating
Intolerance to wool and lipid solvents
Perifollicular accentuation
Food intolerance
Course influenced by environmental or emotional factors
White dermographism or delayed blanch
9. Atopic dermatitis
Clinical features
Age of onset typically during infancy (2 to 6 months); but may start
at any age.
Clinical features vary at different phases of life; and comprise:
• Itching
• Macular erythema, papules or papulo-vesicles
• Eczematous areas with crusting
• Lichenification and excoriation
• Dryness of the skin
• Cutaneous reactivity
• Secondary infection
10. Atopic dermatitis
Infantile phase (2 months to 2 years)
Sites : cheeks, perioral area and
scalp; extensors of feet and
elbows.
Oozing lesions.
Teething, respiratory infections,
emotional upsets and seasonal
changes influence the disease
course.
The disease often subsides by 18
months of age; but may progress
to the childhood phase.
11. Atopic dermatitis
Childhood phase (2 to 12 years)
Characteristically involves elbow and
knee flexures, sides of the neck,
wrists and ankles.
Scratching and chronicity lead to
lichenification.
Hands may often be involved with
exudative lesions, sometimes with
nail changes.
Secondary bacterial or viral infection
may give rise to acute generalized or
localized vesiculation.
12. Atopic dermatitis
Adult phase (12 years onwards)
Commonly involves flexural areas.
The disease may be diffuse or patchy.
May manifest only as chronic hand eczema.
Dermatitis of the upper eyelids and blepharitis.
Anxiety and emotional stress have marked aggravating effect on the atopic dermatitis.
Atopic patients do not tolerate sudden changes in the temperature.
Decrease in the humidity, as in winter months, aggravates dryness of skin.
Repeated washing and drying remove water-binding lipids from the first layer of the skin.
Use of detergents, cosmetics, soaps, solvents, wool, household and industrial chemicals, cosmetics, perfumes, and some soaps.
House dust mite - Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , pollens and allergens from pets, molds, or human dander
Food - eggs, peanuts, milk, fish, soy and wheat.
Staphylococcus aureus
General measures: Advise the patient to avoid frequent use of soaps; and to use soaps that are less alkaline (pH 5.5).
Advise the patients to avoid contact with wool, which irritates the skin
Advise measures to avoid exposure to house dust mites - regular cleaning of the premises; use of dust mite proof encasings on pillows, mattresses;
weekly washing of the bedding in hot water; removal of bedroom carpets and maintaining indoor humidity levels with air conditioning. Advise patients also to avoid keeping pets.
Identify the offending food agents and advise patients to avoid the same.
Inform patients about the aggravating effect of the herpes simplex infection on the AD
Advise patient to avoid extremes of temperature.
Advise patients to avoid stress
Wet wrap techniques - This technique is employed for controlling severe AD or acute flare-ups. The rationale is to keep the skin moist when the topical steroids are applied so as to enhance their skin penetration. A low-potency topical steroid is applied to the affected skin. Then two layers of absorbent bandage are applied over it. The inner layer is pre-soaked in warm water and the outer layer is dry. The dressings can be used overnight or changed every 12 hr.
Encourage mothers for prolonged breast-feeding. Avoid eggs, milk, peanuts, soy and wheat.
Aggressive eradication of the house dust mites
NBUVB – preferred in children.
Desensitization plays a limited role.
Counseling and occupational advice Counseling about the nature of the atopic dermatitis, the trigger factors, the fluctuant course of the disease, and the treatment benefits and limitations play a major role.