Athletics Practical file of Physicsl Education Students

1. Sprints Middle-distance
100 m
200 m
400 m
800 m
1500 m

2. Long-distance
3000 m
5000 m
10,000 m

3. Composition of combined events
Event Track Field
Men's
decathlon
100 m
1st
Day
400 m
1st
Day
1500
m
2nd
Day
110 m
hurdles
2nd
Day
Long
jump
1st
Day
High
jump
1st
Day
Pole
vault
2nd
Day
Shot
put
1st
Day
Discus
throw
2nd
Day
Javelin
throw
2nd
Day
Women's
heptathlon
200
m
1st
Day
800 m
2nd
Day
100 m
hurdles
1st
Day
Long
jump
2nd
Day
High
jump
1st
Day
Shot
put
1st
Day
Javelin
throw
2nd
Day

4. USAIN BOLT, World Record Holder ALLYSON FELIX, Gold Medalist
100 M And 200 M Sprints 200 M Sprint At 2012 Olympics
Men assuming the starting The 100 m final at the 2008 Summer
position for a sprint race Olympics

5. Games of the I Olympiad 1886
Host city Athens, Greece
Nations participating 14[1]
Athletes participating 241[2]
Events 43 in 9 sports
Opening ceremony April 6
Closing ceremony April 15
Officially opened by George I
King of the Hellenes
Stadium Panathenaic Stadium
Panorama of the Panathenaic Stadium

6. Hurdle race is a type of track and field race.
A SEQUENCE OF HURDLING

7. History of Hurdles Races
For the first hurdles races in England around 1830, wooden barriers were
placed along a stretch of 100 yards (91.44 m).The first standards were
attempted in 1864 in Oxford and Cambridge: The length of the course
was set to 120 yards (109.7 m) and over its course, runners were
required to clear ten 3 foot 6 inch (1.07 m) high hurdles. The height and
spacing of the hurdles have been related to Imperial units ever since.
After the length of the course was rounded up to 110 metres in France in
1888, the standards were pretty much complete (except for Germany
where 1 metre high hurdles were used until 1907).The massively
constructed hurdles of the early days were first replaced in 1895 with
somewhat lighter T-shaped hurdles that runners were able to knock over.
However, until 1935 runners were disqualified if they knocked down more
than three hurdles, and records were only recognized if the runner had
left all hurdles standing.In 1935 the T-shaped hurdles were replaced by
L-shaped ones that easily fall forward if bumped into and therefore
reduce the risk of injury. However those hurdles are weighted so it is
disadvantageous to hit them.The current running style where the first
hurdle is taken on the run with the upper body lowered instead of being
jumped over and with three steps each between the hurdles was first
used by the 1900 Olympic champion, Alvin Kraenzlein. The 110 metre
hurdles have been an Olympic discipline since 1896. Women ran it
occasionally in the 1920s but it never became generally accepted. From
1926 on, women have only run the 80 metre hurdles which was
increased to 100 metres starting in 1961 on a trial basis and in 1969 in
official competition.In 1900 and 1904, the Olympics also included a 200-
metre hurdles race, and the IAAF recognized world records for the 200
metre hurdles until 1960. Don Styron held the world record in the event
for over 50 years until Andy Turner broke the record in a specially
arranged race at the Manchester City Games in 2010. Styron still holds
the world record in the 220 yard low hurdles.

8. HISTORY OF RELAY RACE
Relay race, also called Relay, a track-and-field sport consisting
of a set number of stages (legs), usually four, each leg run by a
different member of a team. The runner finishing one leg is
usually required to pass on a baton to the next runner while
both are running in a marked exchange zone. In most relays,
team members cover equal distances: Olympic events for both
men and women are the 400-metre (4 × 100-metre) and 1,600-
metre (4 × 400-metre) relays. Some non-Olympic relays are
held at distances of 800 m, 3,200 m, and 6,000 m. In the less
frequently run medley relays, however, the athletes cover
different distances in a prescribed order—as in a sprint medley
of 200, 200, 400, 800 metres or a distance medley of 1,200,
400, 800, 1,600 metres.The relay method of racing was started
in the United States about 1883. The original method was for
the men running the second quarter of the course each to take
over a small flag from the first man as he arrived, before
departing on their own stage of the race, at the end of which
they, in their turn, handed on their flags to the awaiting next
runners. The flags, however, were considered cumbersome,
and for a time it was sufficient for the outgoing runner to touch
or be touched by his predecessor.The baton, a hollow cylinder
of wood or plastic, was introduced in 1893. It is carried by the
runner and must be exchanged between lines drawn at right
angles to the side of the track 10 metres or 11 yards on each
side of the starting line for each leg of the relay. In sprint relays
(400 and 800 metres) a 1964 rule change permitted the runner
receiving the baton to start his run 10 metres or 11 yardsbefore
the zone, but he had to take the baton within the zone itself.

9. HISTORY OF LONG JUMP
The long jump (historically called the broad jump) is
a track and field event in which athletes combine
speed, strength and agility in an attempt to leap as
far as possible from a take off point. Along with
the triple jump, the two events that measure jumping
for distance as a group are referred to as the
"horizontal jumps". This event has a history in
the Ancient Olympic Games and has been a modern
Olympic event for men since the first Olympics in
1896 and for women since 1948. Most notable in the
ancient sport was a man called Chionis , who in the 656BC
Olympics staged a jump of 7.05 metres (23 feet and 1.7
inches).

12. HISTORY OF HIGH JUMP
The first recorded high jump event took place in Scotland in the 19th century. Early
jumpers used either an elaborate straight-on approach or a scissors technique. In
the later years, the bar was approached diagonally, and the jumper threw first the
inside leg and then the other over the bar in a scissoring motion. Around the turn of
the 20th century, techniques began to modernise, starting with the Irish-
American Michael Sweeney's Eastern cut-off. By taking off like the scissors, but
extending his back and flattening out over the bar, Sweeney achieved a more
economic clearance and raised the world record to 1.97 m (6 ft 51
⁄2 in) in
1895.Another American, George Horine , developed an even more efficient
technique, the Western roll .
High jump
Yelena Slesarenko using the Fosbury Flop technique during the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.
Men's records
World Javier Sotomayor 2.45 m (8 ft 01⁄4 in) (1993)
Olympic Charles Austin 2.39 m (7 ft 10 in) (1996)
Women's records
World Stefka Kostadinova 2.09 m (6 ft 101⁄4 in) (1987)
Olympic Yelena Slesarenko 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) (2004)