Assistive technology for math texts
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The document discusses problems faced by visually impaired students in accessing textbooks, including that Braille texts take a long time to produce and many cannot read Braille, enlarged texts are heavy and inconvenient, audio texts have playback issues, and images are inaccessible. It proposes using eTexts with MathML to describe math expressions in a way that is readable by screen readers, benefiting not just visually impaired students but also those with other disabilities. Surveys find 90% of math instruction relies on textbooks, so accessible eTexts could help more students succeed in math.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbGkL06EU90
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and faculty, online courses etc. have added to the enhancement of our education system. But
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c. usability.
d. timeliness.
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a. a general philosophy.
b. legal support.
c. scientifically based evidence.
d. teacher buy-in.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbGkL06EU90
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and faculty, online courses etc. have added to the enhancement of our education system. But
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approach more common. When we can shift the question from “How to educate with
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Use of technology in the field of education has been a blessing. Faster grading, quicker notes /
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and faculty, online courses etc. have added to the enhancement of our education system. But
when technology is pushed in teaching without proper thought, it becomes a black box approach
at the cost of intuition, commonsense, and overall understanding of the concepts. Instead of
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Assistive technology for math texts
- 2. Consider the following math expression: 1 + 2ac b Normally a reader will read this as, “1 divided by b plus 2ac.” But this can also be interpreted as 1___ b + 2ac
- 3. Test your screen reader: How does it read 3 + x ? 7 Type in variations of this fraction to see how your screen reader responds.
- 4. Problems faced by people with visual impairments: 1) Braille texts can take a long time to make, and not everyone who has a visual impairment can read Braille. A decrease in Braille literacy is due to many factors including lack of qualified teachers.
- 5. Problems faced by people with visual impairments: 2)Enlarged texts can be big and heavy, making them inconvenient to tote around. In addition to being heavy, enlarged texts and Braille texts can also be riddled with errors.
- 6. Problems faced by people with visual impairments: 3) Texts on tape can be cumbersome to deal with (going back or forward, pacing issues, etc.) and can present interpretation problems.
- 7. Problems faced by people with visual impairments: 4) Texts may make references to colored images that students cannot see or that are in black and white print.
- 8. Problems faced by people with visual impairments: 5) Closed-circuit televisions can be helpful, but if a student has to push one from class to class, they can be problematic.
- 9. Statistic Surveys have found that as much as 90% of instruction in math classes is based on the textbook (Bouck and Meyer, 2012).
- 10. A Solution: eText with mathematics mark up language, MathML (OpenMath, TeX, or LaTeX)
- 11. An eText is: an electronic text. It can be used with MathML (mathematics markup languages) to make the text readable by various users.
- 12. How It Works With a fraction like 1 + 2 c An eText reader will say, “BEGIN FRACTION, 1 divided by c, END FRACTION, plus 2.”
- 13. Enhanced learning for all: This not only helps students with visual impairments but also those with cognitive, learning and reading disabilities. It can also be used by the general population and will be most useful to students who are auditory learners. Making math texts more accessible will enable more students to realize their potential in this subject.
- 14. Resources Information on slides: Bouck, E.C.; Meyer, N.K. (2012) eText, Mathematics, and Students with Visual Impairments. Teaching Exceptional Children. Vol.45,Iss.2;p.42-49 Images (in order): http://www.accesslinx.com/Braille.jpg https://content1.animepaper.co/thumbnails/preview/24950 6/1/animepaper.net http://www.hmheducation.com/gomath/images/sl4-go- math.jpg http://www.visualphotos.com/photo/2x6309893