The document discusses three case studies of different working professionals and analyzes their learning styles using Kolb's experiential learning theory. Miss Shazia, an English lecturer, is found to have a diverging learning style as she prefers observing and feeling. M. Sulman Ashraf, an internal auditor, uses a converging style focused on thinking and doing. Mr. Usman, a business owner, learns best through feeling and doing, classifying him as an accommodating learner.

1. Learning styles are various approaches or ways of learning. Learning style enables learning to be
orientated according to the preferred method. That said, everyone responds to and needs the
stimulus of all types of learning styles to one extent or another - it's a matter of using emphasis
that fits best with the given situation and a person's learning style preferences.
These case studies help us to understand that how working professionals learn from different
experiences, situations. Learning styles inventory is a tool made up of learning style
questionnaire that helps to evaluate how individuals learn and process information.
Kolb’s experiential learning theory
Kolb has described four basic learning styles: accommodator, assimilator, diverger, and
converger. Each learning style is a combination of two of the four learning modes: Concrete
experiences, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation.
1. Case study
The first working professional for study is chosen Miss Shazia her age is 30. She is M. Phil in
English and doing job in Forman Christian College as lecturer and her desire is to complete PhD
and work as professor.
NAME OBSERVING DOING THINKING FEELING STYLE
Miss. Shazia Yes No No Yes Diverger
15 10 10

2. According to Kolb learning styles Miss Shazia prefer learning by feeling and Observing.
According to analysis she is doing her job with full interest and passion and she is an expert in
her field. She has teaching skills and the ability to make the material interesting and relevant to
students, and has ability to communicate her knowledge and expertise to their students. She
directly interacts with students and helping them to solve problems and encourage class
participation.
According to Kolb no learning style is perfect. Divergent learners tend to be very creative and
open minded. For teaching profession it is good style. Hudson's work on this learning style
shows that diverger is interested in people. She is studying communication and English so she
has to involve students in different activities which enhance their communication skills. So her
learning style matches with the profession she is doing like being a teacher she has to listen the
students with open mind, tend to gather information about her subject as well as students.
Diverger (feeling and watching - CE/RO)
Kolb called this style 'Diverging' because these people perform better in situations that require
ideas-generation. These are some pros and cons of this style according to Kolb
Pros:
• These people are able to look at things from different perspectives
• They are sensitive
• Tend to gather information and use imagination to solve problems
• They are best at viewing concrete situations several different viewpoints
• They Brainstorm
• People with a Diverging learning style have broad cultural interests and like to gather
information.
• They are interested in people, tend to be imaginative and emotional
• People with the Diverging style prefer to work in groups, to listen with an open mind and
to receive personal feedback.
Cons
• They prefer to watch rather than do
• Often miss opportunities

3. Temperament
NAME SANGUINE MELANCHOLY CHOLERIC PHLEGMATIC
Miss Shazia Yes No No No
Big Five Model
NAME Adjustment Surgency Openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness
Miss Weak High High High Low
Shazia Adjustment surgency openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness
Conclusion
After the analysis of the case the person Miss. Shazia falls in diverger learning style.
Characteristics of her job that she is doing are according to the learning style. She has full
knowledge of her subject and she can reach her desire position in her expected time period.
According to temperament she is SANGUINE she is lively and talkative. She has deep concerned
in her work.
Recommendation
She mostly spends her time on observation but being a lecturer she has to practically involve
with the students and solve their problems. Different situations and learning environments
require different learning strategies, so Miss Shazia can improve her learning by knowing what
her weaknesses are and trying to enhance her skills in these areas. She is somewhat careless so
must focus on that attitude.
2. Case Study
The second working professional for study is chosen M.Sulman Ashraf his age is 31. He has
done CA and doing job in Millat Tractors as internal auditor and her desire is open up a
consultancy firm and work as external auditor.

4. NAME OBSERVING DOING THINKING FEELING STYLE
M.Sulman No Yes Yes No converger
Ashraf 9 16 14 11
According to Kolb learning styles M.Sulman Ashraf prefer learning by thinking and doing.
According to analysis he is doing his job with full concentration and he is an expert in his field.
He has ability to communicate the problem, knowledge about the subjects, mainly accounts, tax
and laws. Besides the subjects he has sense of humor (we all think it is waste, but it’s really in
matter, because chartered accountant plays as a leader’s job).
Being Chartered accountants he provides trustworthy information about financial records to his
organization. He involves in financial reporting, taxation, auditing, corporate finance, business
recovery and insolvency, or accounting systems and processes. Generally, he plays a strategic
role by providing professional advice, aiming to maximize profitability on behalf of his
employer.
According to Kolb no learning style is best. Learners whose learning style is converger learn best
through actively participate in situation. These learners like to find practical solutions to
problems. They look for a single answer to a problem. They like working on technical projects
more than working on social issues or interpersonal relationships. According to Kolb's theory,
they do well with finding solutions to problems. The skills that converger learners possess are
those that are important in specialist careers. This learning style matches with the job
characteristics that M.Sulman Ashraf is doing.
CONVERGER
He has highest scores in Abstract Conceptualization (AC) and Active Experimentation (AE).
Kolb called this style 'Converging' because these people perform better in situations that require
decision making. These are some pros and cons of this style according to Kolb
Pros
• This person's greatest strength lies in the practical application of ideas.

5. • A person with this style seems to do best in those situations where there is a single
correct solution to a problem is required.
• Research on this style of learning shows that Converger is relatively unemotional,
preferring to deal with things rather than people
• Likes decision-making, problem-solving
Cons
• Sometimes make wrong decisions
• Can conduct error while calculations
Temperament
NAME SANGUINE MELANCHOLY CHOLERIC PHLEGMATIC
M.Sulman No Yes No No
Ashraf
Big Five Model
NAME Adjustment Surgency Openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness
M.Sulman strong low low High High
Ashraf Adjustment surgency openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness
Conclusion
After the analysis of the case it is concluded that M.Sulman Ashraf falls in converger learning
style. The characteristics of his job are match to his learning style, as a MELANCHOLY he is
analytical, organized, passionate. He seeks practical view of information and focuses more on
decision making and problem solving.
Recommendations
According to his learning style he shouldn’t make the wrong decisions, he should plan properly
before implementation. He must focus on work while doing it because any wrong results can
cause problems for him as well as organizations.

6. 3. Case study
The third working professional for study is chosen Mr. Usman age is 38.He has done MBA and
doing business(wash room accessories) and his desire is to expand his business.
NAME OBSERVING DOING THINKING FEELING STYLE
Mr. Usman No Yes No Yes Accommodator
11 14 9 16
According to Kolb learning styles Mr. Usman prefer learning by feeling and doing. According to
analysis he is doing his business with full devotion. He has planning skill so he plans his
business well according to changing environment. He has ability to convince his customer. He
has knowledge about bookkeeping, invoicing, maintaining the flow of cash, negotiation of terms
of credits.
According to Kolb accommodator tend to be more of a risk taker than people with the other three
learning styles are. They adapt themselves to specific immediate circumstances. In situations
where the plans do not fit the facts, they will most likely reject the plan. The accommodator is at
ease with people, but is sometimes seen as impatient and aggressive. The accommodator's
educational background is often in technical or practical fields such as business. This learning
style matches with characteristics of business which Mr. Usman is doing.
Accommodating (doing and feeling - CE/AE)
Accommodator learners like working with other people in groups. The Kolbs also suggest that
people with this learning style often do well in sales careers. These are some pros and cons of
this style according to Kolb
Pros
• This learning style is prevalent and useful in roles requiring action and initiative

7. • They are attracted to new challenges and experiences, and to carrying out plans
• People with an Accommodating learning style prefer to work in teams to complete tasks
• They set targets and actively work in the field trying different ways to achieve an
objective
• They are willing to take risk
• likes to start and complete projects
Cons
• People with an Accommodating learning style will tend to rely on others for information
than carry out their own analysis
• They commonly act on 'gut' instinct rather than logical analysis
Temperament
NAME SANGUINE MELANCHOLY CHOLERIC PHLEGMATIC
Mr. Usman No No No Yes
Big Five Model
NAME Adjustment Surgency Openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness
Mr. Usman Strong low High High low
Adjustment surgency openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness
Conclusion
As a result of analysis it is concluded that he prefer learning by doing and feeling. He is hard
working person he can do everything easily. He likes to work in team and involve all employees
in new project. Being PHLEGMATIC he has administrative ability, patience.
Recommendations

8. He should take time to make decisions, rather than make it in hurry. He should lead to others in
proper way not to push others. He must conduct logical analysis on every project rather than
make decisions based only on feelings.
4. Case study
The fourth working professional for study is chosen Mr. AbdulRehman. His age is 31. He has
done MBA in marketing and doing job comfort knitwear Pvt. ltd. as assistant marketing
manager. And his desire is to work as marketing manager.
NAME OBSERVING DOING THINKING FEELING STYLE
Mr. Yes No Yes No Assimilator
AbdulRehman 13 12 16 9
According to Kolb learning styles Mr. AbdulRehman prefer learning by thinking and observing.
According to analysis he is doing his job with full attention. He has ability to analyze data and
come up with information and actionable plans to grow a business. He has thorough
understanding of end user requirements. He has Strong market analysis skills. He has strong
communication, negotiation and influencing skills to his team members. He has full knowledge
about his job.
According to Kolb the assimilator's dominant learning abilities are AC and RO. Their greatest
strength lies in their ability to create plans. For him it is more important that the plan is logically
sound and practical. According to analysis his job characteristics are not properly matched with
the learning style. Because marketing managers require practical implementation of plan after
making a plan, and if he does not execute a plan well then organization can bear losses. And they
have to deal with the people and convince them. He must have understanding about customers
taste and priorities. But these characteristics are missing in Kolb learning style.
Assimilating (observing and thinking - AC/RO)

9. They learn through observing and thinking .These are some pros and cons of this style according
to Kolb
Pros
• Effective understanding of a wide range of problems
• The Assimilating learning preference is for a logical approach
• These people require good clear explanation
• They excel at understanding wide-ranging information and organizing it
• They more interested in logical ideas
Cons
• People with this style are more attracted to logically sound plan than approaches based on
practical value.
• People with an Assimilating learning style are less focused on people
Temperament
NAME SANGUINE MELANCHOLY CHOLERIC PHLEGMATIC
Mr. No Yes No No
AbdulRehman
Big Five Model
NAME Adjustment Surgency Openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness
Mr. Weak High low High High
AbdulRehman Adjustment surgency openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness
Conclusion
After the analysis of the case it is concluded that Mr. AbdulRehman falls in assimilator learning
style. The characteristics of his job does not properly matched to his learning style, as a
MELANCHOLY he is analytical; organizes work. He has effective understanding of a wide range
of problems but slow in implementation.
Recommendations

10. According to her learning style he does not focus only on making logical plans he also focus on
implementation of those logical plans. Because marketing job require continuously focus on new
marketing trends and managers have to move accordingly and fulfill customer needs.
5. Case Study
The working professional for study is chosen Miss Mehwish her age is 28. She has done MSC-IT
and doing job in innovation a software house as programmer. Her desire is to work in a
multinational organization.
NAME OBSERVING DOING THINKING FEELING STYLE
Miss. Mehwish No Yes Yes No converger
10 15 14 11
According to Kolb learning styles Miss Mehwish prefer learning by thinking and doing.
According to analysis she is doing his job with full attention. She has ability to remember
because there are a lot of things to remember while programming: the syntax of the language, the
set of prewritten functions. She has Ability to test because testing is more critical to the overall
success of the application. She has problem solving and analytical skills she is creative enough
for writing a program. She has full knowledge on her subject.
According to Kolb no learning style is best. Learners whose learning style is converger learn best
through actively participate in situation. These learners like to find practical solutions to
problems. They look for a single answer to a problem. They like working on technical projects
more than working on social issues or interpersonal relationships. According to Kolb's theory,
they do well with finding solutions to problems. The skills that converger learners possess are
those that are important in specialist careers. This learning style matches with the job
characteristics that Miss Mehwish is doing. Because she has to make programs and find solution
if problem occur in program.
CONVERGER

11. He has highest scores in Abstract Conceptualization (AC) and Active Experimentation (AE).
Kolb called this style 'Converging' because these people perform better in situations that require
decision making. These are some pros and cons of this style according to Kolb
Pros
• This person's greatest strength lies in the practical application of ideas.
• A person with this style seems to do best in those situations where there is a single
correct solution to a problem is required.
• Research on this style of learning shows that Converger is relatively unemotional,
preferring to deal with things rather than people
• Likes decision-making, problem-solving
Cons
• Sometimes make wrong and hasty decisions
• Can conduct error
Temperament
NAME SANGUINE MELANCHOLY CHOLERIC PHLEGMATIC
Miss Mehwish No No Yes No
Big Five Model
NAME Adjustment Surgency Openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness
Miss Mehwish Strong High low High low
Adjustment Surgency openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness
Conclusion
After the analysis of the case it is concluded that Miss.Mehwish sfalls in converger learning
style. The characteristics of his job are match to her learning style, as a CHOLERIC she is goal
oriented; delegates work, and organize well. She seeks practical view of information and focuses
on problem solving.

12. Recommendations
According to her learning style she shouldn’t make the wrong decisions, because of any wrong
or hasty decision the program will not run. She should plan properly before making any program.
She must focus on work while doing it because any wrong results can cause problems for him as
well as organization.