- The document provides instructions for setting up and demonstrating the components of a CCTV system, including cameras, cabling, recorders, storage, and monitors. - Key components discussed are analog and IP cameras, coaxial and Ethernet cabling, digital video recorders (DVRs) and network video recorders (NVRs) for recording, hard drives for storage, and monitors for viewing. - Strategic locations for camera installation are outlined as the front door, back and side doors, garage, driveway, yard, main stairway/hallway, and common indoor areas.

1. ASSIGNMENT SHEET
Trade: Electronics Mechanics Date: 10-07-2021
Topic No. 141 Topic Name: CCTV
Name: Anurag Sagar Time: 60 min
Introduction: This is the mostimportant thing in our electronics. CCTV is the
most usefulin our life and society like as our modern security guard. CCTV full
name is CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION. Itdiffers from broadcast television in that
the signalis not openly transmitted though it may employ Point-to-point (P2P),
point-to-multipoint (P2MP), or mesh wired or wireless links. Even though almost
all video cameras fit this definition, the term is mostoften applied to those used
for surveillance in areas that requireadditional security or ongoing monitoring.
Videotelephony is seldomcalled CCTV.
Object: Demonstration of different CCTV Components.
Before we know the CCTV component, we will know the types of CCTV system
There are two types of CCTV system:
1. Analog CCTV
2. Digital CCTV/ IP system
Some basic Component of different CCTV systemarebelow:-
 Security Camera:- Security cameras captures the video of the source. Itis
an essential component of any CCTV system. Every camera has three basic
elements:-

2. 1 Image sensor:- Converts light(Photons) into electronic signal.
2 Lens:- Gathers light reflected froma subjectand focuses the light on the image
sensor.
3 Image processing circuitry:- Organizes, optimizes and transmits video signals.
CCTV Component diagram
Note:- Firstof all go to the componentwe will learn about the types of camera
There are some cameras:-
S no. Camera name Identify symbol Some propety
1 Dome cctv camera
2 Bullet cctv camera
3 C-mount cctv camera
4 Ptz pan tilt & zoomcctv
camera

3. 5 Day/nightcctv camera
6 Infrared/nightvision cctv
camera
7 Network/IP cctv camera
8 Wireless cctv camera
9 High definition (HD) cctv
camera
 Cabling/wiring:- There are two types cables used in cabling or wiring.
1 Coaxial Cable:- This used only in analog camera.
2 Ethernet Cable:- This used only in digital camera (IP camera).
The cable are justthe wires that are used to connect different equipments
like CCTV camera, monitor, recorders, modemetc. in a CCTV camera setup.
Some cables names are like as Rj45 & Rj59.
RJ45:- Rj45 cable, cat5e or cat6 cables are mostly used in CCTV camera
setup
RJ59:- Rj59 cable used by BNC connectors to connect camera to video
output such as monitor, power connector etc.

4.  Digital videorecorder (DVR):- Digitalvideo recorders or DVRstores the
transmitted video images in either stand-alonedevices or an external
storagebackup system. Itdepends on the following factors:-
1 The desired number of frames camera to be recorded in every second.
2 The total number of CCTV camera linked to the DVRs.
3 The video image compression technique used.
4 The DVRs image resolution, bitrate etc.
DVR
 Network videorecorder (NVR):- Thenetwork video recorder, also known
as the NVR, is another essential element to any IP camera system. Connect
to the same IP network, theNVR can be installed virtually anywherein your
building or home. The NVR allows you to record and storevideo on a hard
drive snap images and transmit them to your computer or remote device
for live and recorded viewing. Network video usually have multiple
channels for inputting security camera feeds, and are an all-in-one place for
combining feeds and keeping a comprehensiveeye on your surveillance
feeds.
NVRs differ mainly fromDVRs is that they record video fromIP camera,
while DVRs mainly record analog-based video to a digital format.
NVR
 Storage (hard drivers):- Thehard disk is a storagedevice which stores the
video captured by the security camera so that it can be used later. These
CCTV hard disk are fitted within the video recorders. To view the video

5. recording on the hard disk, you van directly connect the DVRor NVR to
monitor. Hard disk, which are designed to run 24*7 and made more
durable compared with normalcomputer hard disk.
HARD DISK
 Display unit (Monitor):- Thedisplay unit, or a monitor, takes the video
image from DVR, or NVR and outputs it on the screen. You can see the
video or image on screen that is been captured by the camera. Now a days,
high definition (HD) colored LED monitors are quite commonly used to
watch the videos.
DISPLAY UNIT
ASSIGNMENT SHEET
Trade: Electronics Mechanics Date: 10-07-2021
Topic No. 142 Topic Name: CCTV
Name: Anurag Sagar Time: 60 min

6. Object:- Draw, trace or follow the CCTV setup of any commercialinstallation:-
How MuchStorage Do You Need? For mostbusinesses, itis recommended to
storefootage from commercial security cameras for at least 30 days. For large
operations, camera footageis often stored for up to 90 days, requiring a larger
storagesolution with more capacity. Storing more footage generally means using
more physicalspaceand hard drives, as well as more terabytes of space. The
average12-camera business surveillancesystemrequires at least 8 terabytes of
spaceto store1080p footagefor 30 days, at industry standard frames per second.
Do You Needa Hard Drive For Security Cameras? Recording security camera
footage requires hard drives and/or cloud-based storage. If you have an analog
security camera system, the DVRhas a hard drive inside of it. In IP camera system
installation, the NVR can usehard drives for onsite recording and cloud-based
recording, in the event of hard drivemalfunction.
What About Cloud Storage? Moremodern CCTV camera systems allow users to
storesecurity footage in the cloud, allowing property owners and managers to
access live and recorded footage froma mobile device or web browser. This is a
good alternative to memory cards, becauseit offers better storage of large video
files, as well as more convenience in today’s internet-based world. Using the
cloud allows users to get instant security alerts, making it easy to view and
respond to security footage in real time, even when users areoffsite. Many cloud-
based CCTV camera systems offer a limited amount of free cloud storage, as well
as monthly, annual, or lifetime subscription.

7. ASSIGNMENT SHEET
Trade: Electronics Mechanics Date: 10-07-2021
Topic No. 143 Topic Name: CCTV
Name: Anurag Sagar Time: 60 min
Object:- Demonstrate the strategic locations for the installation of
cameras.

8. Best Placesto Install Home Security Cameras
1. Exterior: FrontDoor. You might assumethat intruders always sneak into side
entrances, but statistics show that 34% of burglars usethe frontdoor. ...
2. Exterior: Back & Side Doors. ...
3. Exterior: Garage & Driveway. ...
4. Exterior: Yard. ...
5. Interior: Common Areas. ...
6. Interior: Main Stairway or Hallway.
Interior:MainStairway or Hallway:-Place a camera in the main thoroughfares
inside your home, and it will be difficult for someone to move about undetected.
If someonebreaks in through a bathroom, bedroomor another unmonitored
area, they’ll still be captured on camera if they move about the house.
Exterior:Front Door:-You might assume that intruders always sneak into side
entrances, but statistics show that 34% of burglars use the front door. It’s
also where package thieves are likely to strike. A camera at your main
entrance keeps tabs on everybody that comes in and out of your home, from
family members and babysitters to maintenance people, delivery people and
more. (Pro tip: Video doorbells are great picks for the front door. You can use
them as the primary camera or in conjunction with another outdoor
camera aimed at the yard or garage.)
Exterior:Back & Side Doors:- Doors that are out-of-sight allow visitors to enter
undetected, whether they’re invited or not. Nearly one-fourth of all break-
ins happen through the back door. To ensure full knowledge of everyone who
enters and exits, add cameras to your secondary doors, especially if one of
them is used as often or more often than your front door, or if one (like a
basement door) seems particularly enticing or accessible to a potential
intruder.
Exterior:Garage & Driveway:- Garages are a common target of burglars
because they’re one of the weakest entry points. A camera pointed at your
garage and/or driveway keeps a watchful eye on bikes, tools, grills, sports
equipment, cars and everyone that handles them. If your garage is detached,

9. the camera helps you stay connected. If the garage is attached, the extra
layer of security monitors another possible entryway into your home. If
there’s a gate at the end of your driveway, you may want a camera there to
spot anyone attempting to get in.
Exterior:Yard:-Monitoring theyard will help you keep tabs on anyone scoping
out your housefromthe outside. It’s also handy for capturing the activities of
kids, animals and trespassers.

10. Interior:MainStairway or Hallway:- Place a camera in the main thoroughfares
inside your home, and it will be difficult for someone to move about undetected.
If someonebreaks in through a bathroom, bedroomor another unmonitored
area, they’ll still be captured on camera if they move about the house.
Interior:Common Areas:- Placing cameras in gathering points like the kitchen or
living roomis a great way to see if the kids are doing whatthey’re supposed to
do, if the babysitter is attentive, what the pets are getting into, or to check on
household help like cleaners and repairmen. Consider prioritizing any rooms that
have large ground-floor windows—that way you can see if anyonetampers with
them or uses one as a break-in point.

11. ASSIGNMENT SHEET

12. Trade: Electronics Mechanics Date: 10-07-2021
Topic No. 145 Topic Name: CCTV
Name: Anurag Sagar Time: 60 min
Object:- Demonstration of connectors and sockets used on DVRs.

15. ASSIGNMENT SHEET
Trade: Electronics Mechanics Date: 10-07-2021
Topic No. 146 Topic Name: CCTV
Name: Anurag Sagar Time: 60 min
Object:- Dismantle DVR and Demonstrate major functional blocks and
test for the healthiness.
A CCTV systemmay send digital or analog video to the recording system. A DVR
receiving analog video takes two fields of the analog signal and builds one image,
which is then digitized and compressed. If thevideo going to the DVR is digital, it
is normally compressed to save storagespace. Various data compression methods
can be used that offer varying degrees of performance, quality, and storage
economy. DVRs can include a variety of features and capabilities such as:-
• On-board software, such as video analytics;
• Imageprotection/authentication techniques;
• Ports for additional recording capabilities;
• Internalhard drivefor video storage;
• Ability to easily search for and locate events;
• Ability to record one or more camera inputs while performing video analytics;
• Removable hard drive for archiving purposes; and
• Ability to transfer data to expandable storagesystems called Redundant Array
of IndependentDisks (RAID)to free up recording space.
DVR Installation:-

16. HDD Installation:- IMPORTANT: Your systemwillnot be preinstalled with a hard disk
drive (HDD) unless thesystemwas specifically purchased with an included HDD.
You may install a SATA HDD between 500GBand 4TB of storageafter receiving
your system. Werecommend Western Digital Caviar Green AV-GP hard drives or
Seagate Pipeline hard drives that are specifically engineered for use in security
camera environments. Wealso suggestthat you makeyour purchasefroman
official reseller (such as Newegg.com, Tiger-Direct, and Best Buy) to ensurethe
quality of the HDD.
For the following HDD installation instructions, you will need:
1) Your DVRsystem
2) A SATA Hard Drive
3) 4 silver Phillips screws (provided)
4) 7 black Phillips screws (provided)
5) A Phillips screwdriver (notprovided)
1. Make sureyour DVRis unplugged fromits power sourceand slide the top
panel off of the DVR.
2. Connect the SATA power and data cables fromthe DVRto the
corresponding ports on your HDD (as shown)

17. 3. Once connected, place the HDD into the DVR with the cables placed as
shown. IMPORTANT: Makesurethat the cables do not come into contact
with the cooling fan!
4. Holding the hard drive and the DVR, gently turn it over and line up the holes on
the hard drivewith the holes on the DVR. Using a phillips screwdriver, screw the
provided screws into the holes.

18. 5. Slide the DVR panel back on and locate the 7 black Phillips screws (found in
kit). Apply the screws in the three holes on the back panel, and the two
holes on the sides.
6. When you power on your system, you will see a popup asking you to
formatyour HDD. Press [OK] and wait 5-10 minutes. NOTE: If you do not
see this popup, please manually formatyour HDD by going to the Disk Drive
Info page (for more instructions, pleaserefer to 4.1 Main Menu Detailed).

19. 7. The systemwill begin formatting the HDD, and will automatically reboot
once the formatting is complete.
Connecting your DVR:-

20. 1. Connect your analog cameras directly to the systemwith the correct cables as
shown. For detailed instruction, please refer to 3.2 Camera Installation.
2. Connect your display to the appropriate display input. For detailed instruction,
please refer to 3.1 DVRInstallation – Connecting the Display.
3. Connect your systemto a nearby power outlet with the provided power
adapter as shown.
4. Connect your USBmouse to the corresponding inputas shown.
5. Connect your DVRsystemto your wireless router with the provided Ethernet
cable as shown.