Assignment Instructions
\THIS IS FOR WEEK 5!!
The Learning Reflection Journal is a compilation of weekly learning reflections you'll independently write about across Weeks 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7. During each of the assigned weeks, you will write two paragraphs, each 300 words in length (i.e., 600 words total). The first paragraph will describe a topic that you found particularly interesting during that week and what made it interesting, and the second paragraph will describe something that you have observed occurring in the real world that exemplified that topic. Only one topic may be recorded in the journal for each assigned week and your observed real word occurrence must be clearly related to it.
READINGPersonality Theory
Created July 7, 2017 by userMark Kelland
In contrast to both the often dark, subconscious emphasis of the psychodynamic theorists and the somewhat cold, calculated perspectives of behavioral/cognitive theorists, the humanistic psychologists focus on each individual’s potential for personal growth and self-actualization. Carl Rogers was influenced by strong religious experiences (both in America and in China) and his early clinical career in a children’s hospital. Consequently, he developed his therapeutic techniques and the accompanying theory in accordance with a positive and hopeful perspective. Rogers also focused on the unique characteristics and viewpoint of individuals.
Abraham Maslow is best known for his extensive studies on the most salient feature of the humanistic perspective: self-actualization. He is also the one who referred to humanistic psychology as the third force, after the psychodynamic and behavioral/cognitive perspectives, and he specifically addressed the need for psychology to move beyond its study of unhealthy individuals. He was also interested in the psychology of the work place, and his recognition in the business field has perhaps made him the most famous psychologist.
Henry Murray was an enigmatic figure, who seemingly failed to properly acknowledge the woman who inspired much of his work, and who believed his life had been something of a failure. Perhaps he felt remorse as a result of maintaining an extramarital affair with the aforementioned woman, thanks in large part to the advice and help of Carl Jung! Murray extended a primarily psychodynamic perspective to the study of human needs in normal individuals. His Thematic Apperception Test was one of the first psychological tests applied outside of a therapeutic setting, and it provided the basis for studying the need for achievement (something akin to a learned form of self-actualization). Carl Rogers and Humanistic Psychology
Carl Rogers is the psychologist many people associate first with humanistic psychology, but he did not establish the field in the way that Freud established psychoanalysis. A few years older than Abraham Maslow, and having moved into clinical practice more directly,.
ASSIGNMENTContrast the Humanistic and Existential perspectiv.docxedmondpburgess27164
ASSIGNMENT
Contrast the Humanistic and Existential perspectives as they pertain to the concept of personality. Which philosophical assumptions were most important to Rogers? Using the Existential framework, how do times of change and crisis lead us to reconsider our values?
a post with a minimum of 300 words
READING
Personality Theory
Created
July 7, 2017
by
userMark Kelland
In contrast to both the often dark, subconscious emphasis of the psychodynamic theorists and the somewhat cold, calculated perspectives of behavioral/cognitive theorists, the humanistic psychologists focus on each individual’s potential for personal growth and self-actualization. Carl Rogers was influenced by strong religious experiences (both in America and in China) and his early clinical career in a children’s hospital. Consequently, he developed his therapeutic techniques and the accompanying theory in accordance with a positive and hopeful perspective. Rogers also focused on the unique characteristics and viewpoint of individuals.
Abraham Maslow is best known for his extensive studies on the most salient feature of the humanistic perspective: self-actualization. He is also the one who referred to humanistic psychology as the third force, after the psychodynamic and behavioral/cognitive perspectives, and he specifically addressed the need for psychology to move beyond its study of unhealthy individuals. He was also interested in the psychology of the work place, and his recognition in the business field has perhaps made him the most famous psychologist.
Henry Murray was an enigmatic figure, who seemingly failed to properly acknowledge the woman who inspired much of his work, and who believed his life had been something of a failure. Perhaps he felt remorse as a result of maintaining an extramarital affair with the aforementioned woman, thanks in large part to the advice and help of Carl Jung! Murray extended a primarily psychodynamic perspective to the study of human needs in normal individuals. His Thematic Apperception Test was one of the first psychological tests applied outside of a therapeutic setting, and it provided the basis for studying the need for achievement (something akin to a learned form of self-actualization).
Carl Rogers and Humanistic Psychology
Carl Rogers is the psychologist many people associate first with humanistic psychology, but he did not establish the field in the way that Freud established psychoanalysis. A few years older than Abraham Maslow, and having moved into clinical practice more directly, Rogers felt a need to develop a new theoretical perspective that fit with his clinical observations and personal beliefs. Thus, he was proposing a humanistic approach to psychology and, more specifically, psychotherapy before Maslow. It was Maslow, however, who used the term humanistic psychology as a direct contrast to behaviorism and psychoanalysis. And it was Maslow who co.
ASSIGNMENTContrast the Humanistic and Existential perspectives a.docxedmondpburgess27164
ASSIGNMENT
Contrast the Humanistic and Existential perspectives as they pertain to the concept of personality. Which philosophical assumptions were most important to Rogers? Using the Existential framework, how do times of change and crisis lead us to reconsider our values?
a post with a minimum of 300 words
READING
Personality Theory
Created July 7, 2017 by user
In contrast to both the often dark, subconscious emphasis of the psychodynamic theorists and the somewhat cold, calculated perspectives of behavioral/cognitive theorists, the humanistic psychologists focus on each individual’s potential for personal growth and self-actualization. Carl Rogers was influenced by strong religious experiences (both in America and in China) and his early clinical career in a children’s hospital. Consequently, he developed his therapeutic techniques and the accompanying theory in accordance with a positive and hopeful perspective. Rogers also focused on the unique characteristics and viewpoint of individuals.
Abraham Maslow is best known for his extensive studies on the most salient feature of the humanistic perspective: self-actualization. He is also the one who referred to humanistic psychology as the third force, after the psychodynamic and behavioral/cognitive perspectives, and he specifically addressed the need for psychology to move beyond its study of unhealthy individuals. He was also interested in the psychology of the work place, and his recognition in the business field has perhaps made him the most famous psychologist.
Henry Murray was an enigmatic figure, who seemingly failed to properly acknowledge the woman who inspired much of his work, and who believed his life had been something of a failure. Perhaps he felt remorse as a result of maintaining an extramarital affair with the aforementioned woman, thanks in large part to the advice and help of Carl Jung! Murray extended a primarily psychodynamic perspective to the study of human needs in normal individuals. His Thematic Apperception Test was one of the first psychological tests applied outside of a therapeutic setting, and it provided the basis for studying the need for achievement (something akin to a learned form of self-actualization).
Carl Rogers and Humanistic Psychology
Carl Rogers is the psychologist many people associate first with humanistic psychology, but he did not establish the field in the way that Freud established psychoanalysis. A few years older than Abraham Maslow, and having moved into clinical practice more directly, Rogers felt a need to develop a new theoretical perspective that fit with his clinical observations and personal beliefs. Thus, he was proposing a humanistic approach to psychology and, more specifically, psychotherapy before Maslow. It was Maslow, however, who used the term humanistic psychology as a direct contrast to behaviorism and psychoanalysis. And it was Maslow who contacted some friends,.
Psychoanalytic Social Theory is built on the assumption that social and cultural conditions, especially childhood experiences, are largely responsible for shaping personality.
PLEASE READ THE ASSIGNMENT BEFORE TAKING IT ON. WIILLING TO PAY FOR.docxsarantatersall
PLEASE READ THE ASSIGNMENT BEFORE TAKING IT ON. WIILLING TO PAY FOR ENTIRE CLASS DONE NOT PER ASSIGNMENT. FOLLOW RUBRIC AND HAVE THE PAPERS INTO ME ASAP. NO PLAIGERISM, INCLUDE CITATIONS, AD BE IN PROPER APA FORMAT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Assignment 1: Discussion—Television Character
Television provides us with many interesting examples of interpersonal and neurotic behaviors. In this assignment, you will delve into the life and actions of some of your favorite television characters and analyze them using Horney’s coping strategies.
Interestingly, Horney’s three coping strategies for one’s neurotic needs correlate very well with three of Adler’s different personality types:
Horney’s moving-toward strategy—Adler’s getting or leaning type
Horney’s moving against—Adler’s ruling or dominant type
Horney’s moving away from—Adler’s avoiding type
Using Horney’s theory of coping with neurotic needs with three different interpersonal orientations, select a TV program of your choice containing a character that Horney would identify as exhibiting neurotic behaviors. As you watch a full episode of this show, focus on this character and tally each instance of moving-toward, moving-against, and moving-away behavior.
Research Horney’s theory using your textbook, the Internet, and the Argosy University online library resources. Based on your research, respond to the following:
Discuss this character’s neurotic needs and trends.
What do you think has happened in his/her life that has led to these behaviors?
In addition to general life events, how has gender and culture influenced the character’s neurotic needs and behaviors?
How do these interpersonal orientations impact the way this character interacts with others and develops relationships?
Write your initial response in 4–5 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
By
Saturday, July 18, 2015
, post your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Through
Wednesday, July 22, 2015
, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses.
Assignment 2: Case of Anna O
One of the very first cases that caught Freud’s attention when he was starting to develop his psychoanalytic theory was that of Anna O, a patient of fellow psychiatrist Josef Breuer. Although Freud did not directly treat her, he did thoroughly analyze her case as he was fascinated by the fact that her hysteria was “cured” by Breuer. It is her case that he believes was the beginning of the psychoanalytic approach.
Through your analysis of this case, you will not only look deeper into Freud’s psychoanalytic theory but also see how Jung’s neo-psychoanalytic theory compares and contrasts with Freud’s theory.
Review the following:
The Case of Anna O.
One of the first cases that inspired Freud in t.
ASSIGNMENTContrast the Humanistic and Existential perspectiv.docxedmondpburgess27164
ASSIGNMENT
Contrast the Humanistic and Existential perspectives as they pertain to the concept of personality. Which philosophical assumptions were most important to Rogers? Using the Existential framework, how do times of change and crisis lead us to reconsider our values?
a post with a minimum of 300 words
READING
Personality Theory
Created
July 7, 2017
by
userMark Kelland
In contrast to both the often dark, subconscious emphasis of the psychodynamic theorists and the somewhat cold, calculated perspectives of behavioral/cognitive theorists, the humanistic psychologists focus on each individual’s potential for personal growth and self-actualization. Carl Rogers was influenced by strong religious experiences (both in America and in China) and his early clinical career in a children’s hospital. Consequently, he developed his therapeutic techniques and the accompanying theory in accordance with a positive and hopeful perspective. Rogers also focused on the unique characteristics and viewpoint of individuals.
Abraham Maslow is best known for his extensive studies on the most salient feature of the humanistic perspective: self-actualization. He is also the one who referred to humanistic psychology as the third force, after the psychodynamic and behavioral/cognitive perspectives, and he specifically addressed the need for psychology to move beyond its study of unhealthy individuals. He was also interested in the psychology of the work place, and his recognition in the business field has perhaps made him the most famous psychologist.
Henry Murray was an enigmatic figure, who seemingly failed to properly acknowledge the woman who inspired much of his work, and who believed his life had been something of a failure. Perhaps he felt remorse as a result of maintaining an extramarital affair with the aforementioned woman, thanks in large part to the advice and help of Carl Jung! Murray extended a primarily psychodynamic perspective to the study of human needs in normal individuals. His Thematic Apperception Test was one of the first psychological tests applied outside of a therapeutic setting, and it provided the basis for studying the need for achievement (something akin to a learned form of self-actualization).
Carl Rogers and Humanistic Psychology
Carl Rogers is the psychologist many people associate first with humanistic psychology, but he did not establish the field in the way that Freud established psychoanalysis. A few years older than Abraham Maslow, and having moved into clinical practice more directly, Rogers felt a need to develop a new theoretical perspective that fit with his clinical observations and personal beliefs. Thus, he was proposing a humanistic approach to psychology and, more specifically, psychotherapy before Maslow. It was Maslow, however, who used the term humanistic psychology as a direct contrast to behaviorism and psychoanalysis. And it was Maslow who co.
ASSIGNMENTContrast the Humanistic and Existential perspectives a.docxedmondpburgess27164
ASSIGNMENT
Contrast the Humanistic and Existential perspectives as they pertain to the concept of personality. Which philosophical assumptions were most important to Rogers? Using the Existential framework, how do times of change and crisis lead us to reconsider our values?
a post with a minimum of 300 words
READING
Personality Theory
Created July 7, 2017 by user
In contrast to both the often dark, subconscious emphasis of the psychodynamic theorists and the somewhat cold, calculated perspectives of behavioral/cognitive theorists, the humanistic psychologists focus on each individual’s potential for personal growth and self-actualization. Carl Rogers was influenced by strong religious experiences (both in America and in China) and his early clinical career in a children’s hospital. Consequently, he developed his therapeutic techniques and the accompanying theory in accordance with a positive and hopeful perspective. Rogers also focused on the unique characteristics and viewpoint of individuals.
Abraham Maslow is best known for his extensive studies on the most salient feature of the humanistic perspective: self-actualization. He is also the one who referred to humanistic psychology as the third force, after the psychodynamic and behavioral/cognitive perspectives, and he specifically addressed the need for psychology to move beyond its study of unhealthy individuals. He was also interested in the psychology of the work place, and his recognition in the business field has perhaps made him the most famous psychologist.
Henry Murray was an enigmatic figure, who seemingly failed to properly acknowledge the woman who inspired much of his work, and who believed his life had been something of a failure. Perhaps he felt remorse as a result of maintaining an extramarital affair with the aforementioned woman, thanks in large part to the advice and help of Carl Jung! Murray extended a primarily psychodynamic perspective to the study of human needs in normal individuals. His Thematic Apperception Test was one of the first psychological tests applied outside of a therapeutic setting, and it provided the basis for studying the need for achievement (something akin to a learned form of self-actualization).
Carl Rogers and Humanistic Psychology
Carl Rogers is the psychologist many people associate first with humanistic psychology, but he did not establish the field in the way that Freud established psychoanalysis. A few years older than Abraham Maslow, and having moved into clinical practice more directly, Rogers felt a need to develop a new theoretical perspective that fit with his clinical observations and personal beliefs. Thus, he was proposing a humanistic approach to psychology and, more specifically, psychotherapy before Maslow. It was Maslow, however, who used the term humanistic psychology as a direct contrast to behaviorism and psychoanalysis. And it was Maslow who contacted some friends,.
Psychoanalytic Social Theory is built on the assumption that social and cultural conditions, especially childhood experiences, are largely responsible for shaping personality.
PLEASE READ THE ASSIGNMENT BEFORE TAKING IT ON. WIILLING TO PAY FOR.docxsarantatersall
PLEASE READ THE ASSIGNMENT BEFORE TAKING IT ON. WIILLING TO PAY FOR ENTIRE CLASS DONE NOT PER ASSIGNMENT. FOLLOW RUBRIC AND HAVE THE PAPERS INTO ME ASAP. NO PLAIGERISM, INCLUDE CITATIONS, AD BE IN PROPER APA FORMAT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Assignment 1: Discussion—Television Character
Television provides us with many interesting examples of interpersonal and neurotic behaviors. In this assignment, you will delve into the life and actions of some of your favorite television characters and analyze them using Horney’s coping strategies.
Interestingly, Horney’s three coping strategies for one’s neurotic needs correlate very well with three of Adler’s different personality types:
Horney’s moving-toward strategy—Adler’s getting or leaning type
Horney’s moving against—Adler’s ruling or dominant type
Horney’s moving away from—Adler’s avoiding type
Using Horney’s theory of coping with neurotic needs with three different interpersonal orientations, select a TV program of your choice containing a character that Horney would identify as exhibiting neurotic behaviors. As you watch a full episode of this show, focus on this character and tally each instance of moving-toward, moving-against, and moving-away behavior.
Research Horney’s theory using your textbook, the Internet, and the Argosy University online library resources. Based on your research, respond to the following:
Discuss this character’s neurotic needs and trends.
What do you think has happened in his/her life that has led to these behaviors?
In addition to general life events, how has gender and culture influenced the character’s neurotic needs and behaviors?
How do these interpersonal orientations impact the way this character interacts with others and develops relationships?
Write your initial response in 4–5 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
By
Saturday, July 18, 2015
, post your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Through
Wednesday, July 22, 2015
, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses.
Assignment 2: Case of Anna O
One of the very first cases that caught Freud’s attention when he was starting to develop his psychoanalytic theory was that of Anna O, a patient of fellow psychiatrist Josef Breuer. Although Freud did not directly treat her, he did thoroughly analyze her case as he was fascinated by the fact that her hysteria was “cured” by Breuer. It is her case that he believes was the beginning of the psychoanalytic approach.
Through your analysis of this case, you will not only look deeper into Freud’s psychoanalytic theory but also see how Jung’s neo-psychoanalytic theory compares and contrasts with Freud’s theory.
Review the following:
The Case of Anna O.
One of the first cases that inspired Freud in t.
Assignment InstructionsTHIS IS FOR WEEK 6!!The Learni.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment Instructions
\THIS IS FOR WEEK 6!!
The Learning Reflection Journal is a compilation of weekly learning reflections you'll independently write about across Weeks 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7. During each of the assigned weeks, you will write two paragraphs, each 300 words in length (i.e., 600 words total). The first paragraph will describe a topic that you found particularly interesting during that week and what made it interesting, and the second paragraph will describe something that you have observed occurring in the real world that exemplified that topic. Only one topic may be recorded in the journal for each assigned week and your observed real word occurrence must be clearly related to it.
READING
Personality Theory
Created July 7, 2017 by user
Karen Horney stands alone as the only women recognized as worthy of her own chapter in many personality textbooks, and the significance of her work certainly merits that honor. She did not, however, focus her entire career on the psychology of women. Horney came to believe that culture was more important than gender in determining differences between men and women. After refuting some of Freud’s theories on women, Horney shifted her focus to the development of basic anxiety in children, and the lifelong interpersonal relationship styles and intrapsychic conflicts that determine our personality and our personal adjustment.
Personally, Horney was a complex woman. Jack Rubins, who knew Horney during the last few years of her life, interviewed many people who knew her and came away with conflicting views:
She was described variously as both frail and powerful, both open and reticent, both warm and reserved, both close and detached, both a leader and needing to be led, both timid and awesome, both simple and profound. From these characterizations, the impression emerges that she was not only a complex personality but changeable and constantly changing. She was able to encompass and unify, though with struggle, many diverse attitudes and traits… (pg. 13; Rubins, 1972)
Erich Fromm, who was a lay-analyst with a Ph.D. (not an M.D. like most early psychoanalysts), focused even more than Horney on social influences, particularly one’s relationship with society itself. He not only knew and worked with Horney personally, but the two were intimately involved for a number of years, and Fromm analyzed Horney’s daughter Marianne. Both Horney and Fromm can be seen as extending Adler’s emphasis on social interest and cooperation (or the lack thereof), and their belief that individuals pursue safety and security to overcome their anxiety is similar to Adler’s concept of striving for superiority.
Brief Biography of Karen Horney
Karen Clementine Theodore Danielssen was born on September 16th, 1885, in Hamburg, Germany. Her father was Norwegian by birth, but had become a German national. A successful sailor, he had become the captain of his own ship, a.
Running head WOLFGANG KOHLER’S CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOLOGY .docxjeffsrosalyn
Running head: WOLFGANG KOHLER’S CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOLOGY 1
WOLFGANG KOHLER’S CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOLOGY 3
1ST Peer review
Max Wertheimer was a resilient young man. His father ran a business college in Prague where him and his family lived without controversy. That was, until his family was forced out of Germany due to the growing threat of Nazism. Before this, though, Max was able to obtain a traditional education, against his fathers wishes, and take many classes before focusing on philosophy and psychology. When studying at the University of Berlin, Wertheimer worked in the Phonogram Archives. Which was basically a library of music samples recorded onto wax cylinders originating from a vast array of countries. Music had an immense influence on the establishment of Gestalt psychology because of the use of melodies to teach its concepts. For example, a melody exists due to the organization of the notes, not because of the notes on their own-a key theory in Gestalt psychology.
After conducting research on music produced by a Sri Lankan tribe, the effects of brain injuries on speech and language comprehension, and the mathematical thinking abilities of native peoples, Wertheimer moved on (largely by accident) to study apparent motion This would not only make him famous, but shine light onto the legitimacy of Gestalt psychology. While traveling by train, he noticed that parts of the landscape that were further away appeared to be traveling with the train. He deduced that this perception of moving objects that were clearly not in motion had to be originating in his brain. He then set up shop at the University of Frankfurt where he invented a tachistoscope and tested this phenomenon, later dubbed the phi phenomenon. Thus, designating the official start of Gestalt psychology.
This discovery was much more than just that. Wertheimer attempted to find the physiological causation for the phenomenon and was able to rule out several, older previous explanations. Although the true reasoning behind the phi phenomenon has yet to be discovered, the research that took place in pursuit of that truth paved the way for the branch of psychology as a whole. It is interesting to think where (or if at all) Gestalt psychology would be today if Wertheimer had slept on that train and continued with his vacationing instead.
References
Kardas, E. P. (2014). History of psychology: The making of a science. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning
2nd Peer review
For our final Explore Discussion, I am choosing to write about Alfred Adler’s individual psychology. One of the most interesting things about Adler’s childhood is that he was a sickly child and almost died at age 4, which was actually the reason he chose to pursue a doctorate degree. “He did survive and vowed to become a better doctor than the one who treated him” (Kardas, 2014, p. 385). I thought this quote deserved recognition as it sho.
Assignment 1: Discussion—Television Character
Television provides us with many interesting examples of interpersonal and neurotic behaviors. In this assignment, you will delve into the life and actions of some of your favorite television characters and analyze them using Horney’s coping strategies.
Interestingly, Horney’s three coping strategies for one’s neurotic needs correlate very well with three of Adler’s different personality types:
· Horney’s moving-toward strategy—Adler’s getting or leaning type
· Horney’s moving against—Adler’s ruling or dominant type
· Horney’s moving away from—Adler’s avoiding type
Using Horney’s theory of coping with neurotic needs with three different interpersonal orientations, select a TV program of your choice containing a character that Horney would identify as exhibiting neurotic behaviors. As you watch a full episode of this show, focus on this character and tally each instance of moving-toward, moving-against, and moving-away behavior.
Research Horney’s theory using your textbook, the Internet, and the Argosy University online library resources. Based on your research, respond to the following:
· Discuss this character’s neurotic needs and trends.
· What do you think has happened in his/her life that has led to these behaviors?
· In addition to general life events, how has gender and culture influenced the character’s neurotic needs and behaviors?
· How do these interpersonal orientations impact the way this character interacts with others and develops relationships?
Write your initial response in 4–5 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
By Saturday, July 18, 2015, post your response to the appropriate Discussion Area. Through Wednesday, July 22, 2015, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses.
Assignment 2: Case of Anna O
One of the very first cases that caught Freud’s attention when he was starting to develop his psychoanalytic theory was that of Anna O, a patient of fellow psychiatrist Josef Breuer. Although Freud did not directly treat her, he did thoroughly analyze her case as he was fascinated by the fact that her hysteria was “cured” by Breuer. It is her case that he believes was the beginning of the psychoanalytic approach.
Through your analysis of this case, you will not only look deeper into Freud’s psychoanalytic theory but also see how Jung’s neo-psychoanalytic theory compares and contrasts with Freud’s theory.
Review the following:
The Case of Anna O.
One of the first cases that inspired Freud in the development of what would eventually become the Psychoanalytic Theory was the case of Anna O. Anna O. was actually a patient of one of Freud’s colleagues Josef Breuer. Using Breuer’s case notes, Freud was able to analyze the key facts of Anna O’s case.
Anna O. first developed her symptoms while she was taking care of her very ill father with whom she was extremely close. Some of her initial symptoms were loss of appetite to the extent of not eating, weakness, anemia ...
Assignment InstructionsTHIS IS FOR WEEK 6!!The Learning.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment Instructions
\THIS IS FOR WEEK 6!!
The Learning Reflection Journal is a compilation of weekly
learning reflections you'll independently write about across Weeks 2, 3, 5, 6
and 7. During each of the assigned weeks, you will write two paragraphs, each 300 words in length (i.e., 600 words total). The first paragraph will describe a topic that you found particularly interesting during that week and what made it interesting, and the second paragraph will describe something that you have observed occurring in the real world that exemplified that topic. Only one topic may be recorded in the journal for each assigned week and your observed real word occurrence must be clearly related to it.
READING
Personality Theory
Created
July 7, 2017
by
userMark Kelland
Karen Horney stands alone as the only women recognized as worthy of her own chapter in many personality textbooks, and the significance of her work certainly merits that honor. She did not, however, focus her entire career on the psychology of women. Horney came to believe that culture was more important than gender in determining differences between men and women. After refuting some of Freud’s theories on women, Horney shifted her focus to the development of basic anxiety in children, and the lifelong interpersonal relationship styles and intrapsychic conflicts that determine our personality and our personal adjustment.
Personally, Horney was a complex woman. Jack Rubins, who knew Horney during the last few years of her life, interviewed many people who knew her and came away with conflicting views:
She was described variously as both frail and powerful, both open and reticent, both warm and reserved, both close and detached, both a leader and needing to be led, both timid and awesome, both simple and profound. From these characterizations, the impression emerges that she was not only a complex personality but changeable and constantly changing. She was able to encompass and unify, though with struggle, many diverse attitudes and traits… (pg. 13; Rubins, 1972)
Erich Fromm, who was a lay-analyst with a Ph.D. (not an M.D. like most early psychoanalysts), focused even more than Horney on social influences, particularly one’s relationship with society itself. He not only knew and worked with Horney personally, but the two were intimately involved for a number of years, and Fromm analyzed Horney’s daughter Marianne. Both Horney and Fromm can be seen as extending Adler’s emphasis on social interest and cooperation (or the lack thereof), and their belief that individuals pursue safety and security to overcome their anxiety is similar to Adler’s concept of striving for superiority.
Brief Biography of Karen Horney
Karen Clementine Theodore Danielssen was born on September 16th, 1885, in Hamburg, Germany. Her father was Norwegian by birth, but had become a German national. A successful sailor, he had become the captain o.
Assignment InstructionsTHIS IS FOR WEEK 6!!The Learning.docxsimba35
Assignment Instructions
\THIS IS FOR WEEK 6!!
The Learning Reflection Journal is a compilation of weekly
learning reflections you'll independently write about across Weeks 2, 3, 5, 6
and 7. During each of the assigned weeks, you will write two paragraphs, each 300 words in length (i.e., 600 words total). The first paragraph will describe a topic that you found particularly interesting during that week and what made it interesting, and the second paragraph will describe something that you have observed occurring in the real world that exemplified that topic. Only one topic may be recorded in the journal for each assigned week and your observed real word occurrence must be clearly related to it.
READING
Personality Theory
Created
July 7, 2017
by
userMark Kelland
Karen Horney stands alone as the only women recognized as worthy of her own chapter in many personality textbooks, and the significance of her work certainly merits that honor. She did not, however, focus her entire career on the psychology of women. Horney came to believe that culture was more important than gender in determining differences between men and women. After refuting some of Freud’s theories on women, Horney shifted her focus to the development of basic anxiety in children, and the lifelong interpersonal relationship styles and intrapsychic conflicts that determine our personality and our personal adjustment.
Personally, Horney was a complex woman. Jack Rubins, who knew Horney during the last few years of her life, interviewed many people who knew her and came away with conflicting views:
She was described variously as both frail and powerful, both open and reticent, both warm and reserved, both close and detached, both a leader and needing to be led, both timid and awesome, both simple and profound. From these characterizations, the impression emerges that she was not only a complex personality but changeable and constantly changing. She was able to encompass and unify, though with struggle, many diverse attitudes and traits… (pg. 13; Rubins, 1972)
Erich Fromm, who was a lay-analyst with a Ph.D. (not an M.D. like most early psychoanalysts), focused even more than Horney on social influences, particularly one’s relationship with society itself. He not only knew and worked with Horney personally, but the two were intimately involved for a number of years, and Fromm analyzed Horney’s daughter Marianne. Both Horney and Fromm can be seen as extending Adler’s emphasis on social interest and cooperation (or the lack thereof), and their belief that individuals pursue safety and security to overcome their anxiety is similar to Adler’s concept of striving for superiority.
Brief Biography of Karen Horney
Karen Clementine Theodore Danielssen was born on September 16th, 1885, in Hamburg, Germany. Her father was Norwegian by birth, but had become a German national. A successful sailor, he had become the captain o ...
Parapsychology Research and Education Free Course 2017The AZIRE
The PowerPoint lists some of the information about ParaMOOC2017, a free open online course on serious academic and scientific research into what seem to be psychic phenomena and on their implications for science in general. Physics, psychology, anthropology, and history are among the disciplinary approaches included. The Slide Show includes info about the course and the names, presentation titles and biographies of the guest lecturers. To enroll in the course (open until August 31st, 2017, although live sessions until February 24th, recordings of live sessions and materials will be available to new students through August): http://the-azire.wiziq.com/course/178247-parapsychology-research-and-education-paramooc2017
assignment mental health disordersA 38-year-old woman presen.docxhoward4little59962
assignment mental health disorders
A 38-year-old woman presents to the office with complaints of weight
loss, fatigue, and insomnia of 3-month duration. She reports that she has
been feeling gradually more tired and staying up late at night because
she can’t sleep. She does not feel that she is doing as well in her occupation
as a secretary and states that she has trouble remembering things.
She does not go outdoors as much as she used to and cannot recall the
last time she went out with friends or enjoyed a social gathering. She
feels tired most of the week and states she feels that she wants to go to
sleep and frequently does not want to get out of bed. She denies any
recent medication, illicit drug, or alcohol use. She feels intense guilt
regarding past failed relationships because she perceives them as faults.
She states she has never thought of suicide, but has begun to feel increasingly
worthless.
Her vital signs and general physical examination are normal, although
she becomes tearful while talking. Her mental status examination is significant
for depressed mood, psychomotor retardation, and difficulty attending
to questions. Laboratory studies reveal a normal metabolic panel, normal
complete blood count, and normal thyroid functions.
➤ What is the most likely diagnosis?
➤ What is your next step?
➤ What are important considerations and potential complications of
management?
Note: bibliographic references updated and with a very low plagiarism index.
.
Assignment Marking Criteria and FeedbackStrengths of this as.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment Marking Criteria and Feedback
Strengths of this assignment and how it might be improved:
Your introduction is not terribly relevant. You would do better to keep it simple and signpost the reader.
Your analysis begins with a generic description of the problems associated with intangibility. Remember that this assignment is about the application of theory rather than description. The remainder of your analysis highlights some of the issues in the case study. However, there is no application of theory. You could have used any one of a number of frameworks to frame your analysis and give it greater depth: Servuction model, Flower of Service, Gaps model, etc. Furthermore, I would like to see you explain the reasons for these problems. In this case study, the lack of service culture is a significant issue.
With regard to recommendations, it would again be better if you approach the task in a more systematic way rather than making random suggestions with no indication as to which problems these activities will resolve. For example, are testimonials a priority? Given that the service being offered is poor, there may not be many customers with anything positive to say. Wouldn’t it be better to fix underlying issues first? You recommend personal selling and communications but there is a lack of detail and no explanation as to what problems these activities would address. You recommend that the company needs to act on the feedback it receives (page 6), but you do not say how. Similarly, recommendations like personalised service might be relevant but you do not say what this means in practice.
Overall, there is a lack of application of theory to this response. You need to look back over the lecture slides and use appropriate models to frame your analysis and recommendations. While what you write is sound, it does not directly address the case study. There is insufficient detail.
Very limited reference list (because of the lack of theory in the response). Remember that references should be in alphabetical order.
assessment brief
Module Title:
Marketing Services
Submission Deadline:
Tuesday 12th July 2019
Assessment Component
Coursework (RESIT)
Assessment Weighting:
50 per cent of total module mark
Marking and feedback deadline (20 working days)
13th August 2019
Assessment Instructions
This is an individual case-based assignment that requires you to answer a question in relation to the case study below: ‘Best Car Hire’.
Question: Using services marketing theory, analyse and explain Best’s loss of customersand recommendhow it might improve the customer experience. (100 marks)
General Guidance
· The coursework requires you to select and apply theories, frameworks, and concepts from the first six study units of the module.
· It is your decision as to what theories/frameworks/concepts to use to inform your answer. There is no recommended minimum or maximum number, but generally, quality of application is more important than the quantity.
Assignment Linux ForensicsResearch information about Linux .docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Linux Forensics
Research information about Linux forensic investigations and appropriate tools.
Identify and describe three websites that provide highly relevant information to Linux forensic investigations.
Assignment Requirements
You are an experienced digital forensics specialist for DigiFirm Investigation Company. DigiFirm is involved in an investigation of a large corporation accused of unauthorized access of a competitor's database to obtain customer information. The DigiFirm team will be responsible for the forensic investigation of the seized computers that are running Linux.Chris, your team leader, has asked you to research information and tools that the team can use during the investigations.
For this assignment:
Research websites that provide information or tools for Linux forensic investigations.
Write a report that describes three of the most promising websites in detail and discusses why these resources might be helpful in a forensic examination.
Required Resources
Course textbook
Internet access
Submission Requirements
Format: Microsoft Word
Font: Arial, Size 12, double-space
Citation Style: Follow your school's preferred style guideLength:1-2 pages
Self-Assessment Checklist
I researched websites that provide information or tools for Linux forensic investigations.
I wrote a report that describes three of the most promising websites in detail and discusses why these resources might be helpful in a forensic examination.
I created a professional, well-developed report with proper documentation, grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
.
Assignment Legislation Grid and TestimonyAdvocacy Statement.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Legislation Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement
As a nurse, how often have you thought to yourself,
If I had anything to do about it, things would work a little differently?
Increasingly, nurses are beginning to realize that they do, in fact, have a role and a voice.
Many nurses encounter daily experiences that motivate them to take on an advocacy role in hopes of impacting policies, laws, or regulations that impact healthcare issues of interest. Of course, doing so means entering the less familiar world of policy and politics. While many nurses do not initially feel prepared to operate in this space effectively, the reward is the opportunity to shape and influence future health policy.
To Prepare:
Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) using the congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Legislation Grid; 1-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)
Be sure to add a title page, an introduction, purpose statement, and a conclusion. This is an APA paper.
Part 1: Legislation Grid
Based on the health-related bill (proposed, not enacted) you selected, complete the Legislation Grid Template. Be sure to address the following:
Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.
Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.
Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.
Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?
Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement
Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:
Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.
Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.
At least 2 outside resources and 2-3 course specific resources are used.
.
Assignment Legislation Comparison Grid and TestimonyAdvocacy State.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement
As a nurse, how often have you thought to yourself,
If I had anything to do about it, things would work a little differently?
Increasingly, nurses are beginning to realize that they do, in fact, have a role and a voice.
Many nurses encounter daily experiences that motivate them to take on an advocacy role in hopes of impacting policies, laws, or regulations that impact healthcare issues of interest. Of course, doing so means entering the less familiar world of policy and politics. While many nurses do not initially feel prepared to operate in this space effectively, the reward is the opportunity to shape and influence future health policy.
To Prepare:
Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) using the congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid; 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)
Part 1: Legislation Comparison Grid
Based on the health-related bill (proposed, not enacted) you selected, complete the Legislation Comparison Grid Template. Be sure to address the following:
Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.
Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.
Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.
Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?
Is it receiving press coverage?
Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement
Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:
Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.
Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.
Recommend at least one amendment to the bill in support of your position.
.
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Assignment Instructions
\THIS IS FOR WEEK 6!!
The Learning Reflection Journal is a compilation of weekly learning reflections you'll independently write about across Weeks 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7. During each of the assigned weeks, you will write two paragraphs, each 300 words in length (i.e., 600 words total). The first paragraph will describe a topic that you found particularly interesting during that week and what made it interesting, and the second paragraph will describe something that you have observed occurring in the real world that exemplified that topic. Only one topic may be recorded in the journal for each assigned week and your observed real word occurrence must be clearly related to it.
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Personality Theory
Created July 7, 2017 by user
Karen Horney stands alone as the only women recognized as worthy of her own chapter in many personality textbooks, and the significance of her work certainly merits that honor. She did not, however, focus her entire career on the psychology of women. Horney came to believe that culture was more important than gender in determining differences between men and women. After refuting some of Freud’s theories on women, Horney shifted her focus to the development of basic anxiety in children, and the lifelong interpersonal relationship styles and intrapsychic conflicts that determine our personality and our personal adjustment.
Personally, Horney was a complex woman. Jack Rubins, who knew Horney during the last few years of her life, interviewed many people who knew her and came away with conflicting views:
She was described variously as both frail and powerful, both open and reticent, both warm and reserved, both close and detached, both a leader and needing to be led, both timid and awesome, both simple and profound. From these characterizations, the impression emerges that she was not only a complex personality but changeable and constantly changing. She was able to encompass and unify, though with struggle, many diverse attitudes and traits… (pg. 13; Rubins, 1972)
Erich Fromm, who was a lay-analyst with a Ph.D. (not an M.D. like most early psychoanalysts), focused even more than Horney on social influences, particularly one’s relationship with society itself. He not only knew and worked with Horney personally, but the two were intimately involved for a number of years, and Fromm analyzed Horney’s daughter Marianne. Both Horney and Fromm can be seen as extending Adler’s emphasis on social interest and cooperation (or the lack thereof), and their belief that individuals pursue safety and security to overcome their anxiety is similar to Adler’s concept of striving for superiority.
Brief Biography of Karen Horney
Karen Clementine Theodore Danielssen was born on September 16th, 1885, in Hamburg, Germany. Her father was Norwegian by birth, but had become a German national. A successful sailor, he had become the captain of his own ship, a.
Running head WOLFGANG KOHLER’S CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOLOGY .docxjeffsrosalyn
Running head: WOLFGANG KOHLER’S CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOLOGY 1
WOLFGANG KOHLER’S CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOLOGY 3
1ST Peer review
Max Wertheimer was a resilient young man. His father ran a business college in Prague where him and his family lived without controversy. That was, until his family was forced out of Germany due to the growing threat of Nazism. Before this, though, Max was able to obtain a traditional education, against his fathers wishes, and take many classes before focusing on philosophy and psychology. When studying at the University of Berlin, Wertheimer worked in the Phonogram Archives. Which was basically a library of music samples recorded onto wax cylinders originating from a vast array of countries. Music had an immense influence on the establishment of Gestalt psychology because of the use of melodies to teach its concepts. For example, a melody exists due to the organization of the notes, not because of the notes on their own-a key theory in Gestalt psychology.
After conducting research on music produced by a Sri Lankan tribe, the effects of brain injuries on speech and language comprehension, and the mathematical thinking abilities of native peoples, Wertheimer moved on (largely by accident) to study apparent motion This would not only make him famous, but shine light onto the legitimacy of Gestalt psychology. While traveling by train, he noticed that parts of the landscape that were further away appeared to be traveling with the train. He deduced that this perception of moving objects that were clearly not in motion had to be originating in his brain. He then set up shop at the University of Frankfurt where he invented a tachistoscope and tested this phenomenon, later dubbed the phi phenomenon. Thus, designating the official start of Gestalt psychology.
This discovery was much more than just that. Wertheimer attempted to find the physiological causation for the phenomenon and was able to rule out several, older previous explanations. Although the true reasoning behind the phi phenomenon has yet to be discovered, the research that took place in pursuit of that truth paved the way for the branch of psychology as a whole. It is interesting to think where (or if at all) Gestalt psychology would be today if Wertheimer had slept on that train and continued with his vacationing instead.
References
Kardas, E. P. (2014). History of psychology: The making of a science. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning
2nd Peer review
For our final Explore Discussion, I am choosing to write about Alfred Adler’s individual psychology. One of the most interesting things about Adler’s childhood is that he was a sickly child and almost died at age 4, which was actually the reason he chose to pursue a doctorate degree. “He did survive and vowed to become a better doctor than the one who treated him” (Kardas, 2014, p. 385). I thought this quote deserved recognition as it sho.
Assignment 1: Discussion—Television Character
Television provides us with many interesting examples of interpersonal and neurotic behaviors. In this assignment, you will delve into the life and actions of some of your favorite television characters and analyze them using Horney’s coping strategies.
Interestingly, Horney’s three coping strategies for one’s neurotic needs correlate very well with three of Adler’s different personality types:
· Horney’s moving-toward strategy—Adler’s getting or leaning type
· Horney’s moving against—Adler’s ruling or dominant type
· Horney’s moving away from—Adler’s avoiding type
Using Horney’s theory of coping with neurotic needs with three different interpersonal orientations, select a TV program of your choice containing a character that Horney would identify as exhibiting neurotic behaviors. As you watch a full episode of this show, focus on this character and tally each instance of moving-toward, moving-against, and moving-away behavior.
Research Horney’s theory using your textbook, the Internet, and the Argosy University online library resources. Based on your research, respond to the following:
· Discuss this character’s neurotic needs and trends.
· What do you think has happened in his/her life that has led to these behaviors?
· In addition to general life events, how has gender and culture influenced the character’s neurotic needs and behaviors?
· How do these interpersonal orientations impact the way this character interacts with others and develops relationships?
Write your initial response in 4–5 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
By Saturday, July 18, 2015, post your response to the appropriate Discussion Area. Through Wednesday, July 22, 2015, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses.
Assignment 2: Case of Anna O
One of the very first cases that caught Freud’s attention when he was starting to develop his psychoanalytic theory was that of Anna O, a patient of fellow psychiatrist Josef Breuer. Although Freud did not directly treat her, he did thoroughly analyze her case as he was fascinated by the fact that her hysteria was “cured” by Breuer. It is her case that he believes was the beginning of the psychoanalytic approach.
Through your analysis of this case, you will not only look deeper into Freud’s psychoanalytic theory but also see how Jung’s neo-psychoanalytic theory compares and contrasts with Freud’s theory.
Review the following:
The Case of Anna O.
One of the first cases that inspired Freud in the development of what would eventually become the Psychoanalytic Theory was the case of Anna O. Anna O. was actually a patient of one of Freud’s colleagues Josef Breuer. Using Breuer’s case notes, Freud was able to analyze the key facts of Anna O’s case.
Anna O. first developed her symptoms while she was taking care of her very ill father with whom she was extremely close. Some of her initial symptoms were loss of appetite to the extent of not eating, weakness, anemia ...
Assignment InstructionsTHIS IS FOR WEEK 6!!The Learning.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment Instructions
\THIS IS FOR WEEK 6!!
The Learning Reflection Journal is a compilation of weekly
learning reflections you'll independently write about across Weeks 2, 3, 5, 6
and 7. During each of the assigned weeks, you will write two paragraphs, each 300 words in length (i.e., 600 words total). The first paragraph will describe a topic that you found particularly interesting during that week and what made it interesting, and the second paragraph will describe something that you have observed occurring in the real world that exemplified that topic. Only one topic may be recorded in the journal for each assigned week and your observed real word occurrence must be clearly related to it.
READING
Personality Theory
Created
July 7, 2017
by
userMark Kelland
Karen Horney stands alone as the only women recognized as worthy of her own chapter in many personality textbooks, and the significance of her work certainly merits that honor. She did not, however, focus her entire career on the psychology of women. Horney came to believe that culture was more important than gender in determining differences between men and women. After refuting some of Freud’s theories on women, Horney shifted her focus to the development of basic anxiety in children, and the lifelong interpersonal relationship styles and intrapsychic conflicts that determine our personality and our personal adjustment.
Personally, Horney was a complex woman. Jack Rubins, who knew Horney during the last few years of her life, interviewed many people who knew her and came away with conflicting views:
She was described variously as both frail and powerful, both open and reticent, both warm and reserved, both close and detached, both a leader and needing to be led, both timid and awesome, both simple and profound. From these characterizations, the impression emerges that she was not only a complex personality but changeable and constantly changing. She was able to encompass and unify, though with struggle, many diverse attitudes and traits… (pg. 13; Rubins, 1972)
Erich Fromm, who was a lay-analyst with a Ph.D. (not an M.D. like most early psychoanalysts), focused even more than Horney on social influences, particularly one’s relationship with society itself. He not only knew and worked with Horney personally, but the two were intimately involved for a number of years, and Fromm analyzed Horney’s daughter Marianne. Both Horney and Fromm can be seen as extending Adler’s emphasis on social interest and cooperation (or the lack thereof), and their belief that individuals pursue safety and security to overcome their anxiety is similar to Adler’s concept of striving for superiority.
Brief Biography of Karen Horney
Karen Clementine Theodore Danielssen was born on September 16th, 1885, in Hamburg, Germany. Her father was Norwegian by birth, but had become a German national. A successful sailor, he had become the captain o.
Assignment InstructionsTHIS IS FOR WEEK 6!!The Learning.docxsimba35
Assignment Instructions
\THIS IS FOR WEEK 6!!
The Learning Reflection Journal is a compilation of weekly
learning reflections you'll independently write about across Weeks 2, 3, 5, 6
and 7. During each of the assigned weeks, you will write two paragraphs, each 300 words in length (i.e., 600 words total). The first paragraph will describe a topic that you found particularly interesting during that week and what made it interesting, and the second paragraph will describe something that you have observed occurring in the real world that exemplified that topic. Only one topic may be recorded in the journal for each assigned week and your observed real word occurrence must be clearly related to it.
READING
Personality Theory
Created
July 7, 2017
by
userMark Kelland
Karen Horney stands alone as the only women recognized as worthy of her own chapter in many personality textbooks, and the significance of her work certainly merits that honor. She did not, however, focus her entire career on the psychology of women. Horney came to believe that culture was more important than gender in determining differences between men and women. After refuting some of Freud’s theories on women, Horney shifted her focus to the development of basic anxiety in children, and the lifelong interpersonal relationship styles and intrapsychic conflicts that determine our personality and our personal adjustment.
Personally, Horney was a complex woman. Jack Rubins, who knew Horney during the last few years of her life, interviewed many people who knew her and came away with conflicting views:
She was described variously as both frail and powerful, both open and reticent, both warm and reserved, both close and detached, both a leader and needing to be led, both timid and awesome, both simple and profound. From these characterizations, the impression emerges that she was not only a complex personality but changeable and constantly changing. She was able to encompass and unify, though with struggle, many diverse attitudes and traits… (pg. 13; Rubins, 1972)
Erich Fromm, who was a lay-analyst with a Ph.D. (not an M.D. like most early psychoanalysts), focused even more than Horney on social influences, particularly one’s relationship with society itself. He not only knew and worked with Horney personally, but the two were intimately involved for a number of years, and Fromm analyzed Horney’s daughter Marianne. Both Horney and Fromm can be seen as extending Adler’s emphasis on social interest and cooperation (or the lack thereof), and their belief that individuals pursue safety and security to overcome their anxiety is similar to Adler’s concept of striving for superiority.
Brief Biography of Karen Horney
Karen Clementine Theodore Danielssen was born on September 16th, 1885, in Hamburg, Germany. Her father was Norwegian by birth, but had become a German national. A successful sailor, he had become the captain o ...
Parapsychology Research and Education Free Course 2017The AZIRE
The PowerPoint lists some of the information about ParaMOOC2017, a free open online course on serious academic and scientific research into what seem to be psychic phenomena and on their implications for science in general. Physics, psychology, anthropology, and history are among the disciplinary approaches included. The Slide Show includes info about the course and the names, presentation titles and biographies of the guest lecturers. To enroll in the course (open until August 31st, 2017, although live sessions until February 24th, recordings of live sessions and materials will be available to new students through August): http://the-azire.wiziq.com/course/178247-parapsychology-research-and-education-paramooc2017
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assignment mental health disorders
A 38-year-old woman presents to the office with complaints of weight
loss, fatigue, and insomnia of 3-month duration. She reports that she has
been feeling gradually more tired and staying up late at night because
she can’t sleep. She does not feel that she is doing as well in her occupation
as a secretary and states that she has trouble remembering things.
She does not go outdoors as much as she used to and cannot recall the
last time she went out with friends or enjoyed a social gathering. She
feels tired most of the week and states she feels that she wants to go to
sleep and frequently does not want to get out of bed. She denies any
recent medication, illicit drug, or alcohol use. She feels intense guilt
regarding past failed relationships because she perceives them as faults.
She states she has never thought of suicide, but has begun to feel increasingly
worthless.
Her vital signs and general physical examination are normal, although
she becomes tearful while talking. Her mental status examination is significant
for depressed mood, psychomotor retardation, and difficulty attending
to questions. Laboratory studies reveal a normal metabolic panel, normal
complete blood count, and normal thyroid functions.
➤ What is the most likely diagnosis?
➤ What is your next step?
➤ What are important considerations and potential complications of
management?
Note: bibliographic references updated and with a very low plagiarism index.
.
Assignment Marking Criteria and FeedbackStrengths of this as.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment Marking Criteria and Feedback
Strengths of this assignment and how it might be improved:
Your introduction is not terribly relevant. You would do better to keep it simple and signpost the reader.
Your analysis begins with a generic description of the problems associated with intangibility. Remember that this assignment is about the application of theory rather than description. The remainder of your analysis highlights some of the issues in the case study. However, there is no application of theory. You could have used any one of a number of frameworks to frame your analysis and give it greater depth: Servuction model, Flower of Service, Gaps model, etc. Furthermore, I would like to see you explain the reasons for these problems. In this case study, the lack of service culture is a significant issue.
With regard to recommendations, it would again be better if you approach the task in a more systematic way rather than making random suggestions with no indication as to which problems these activities will resolve. For example, are testimonials a priority? Given that the service being offered is poor, there may not be many customers with anything positive to say. Wouldn’t it be better to fix underlying issues first? You recommend personal selling and communications but there is a lack of detail and no explanation as to what problems these activities would address. You recommend that the company needs to act on the feedback it receives (page 6), but you do not say how. Similarly, recommendations like personalised service might be relevant but you do not say what this means in practice.
Overall, there is a lack of application of theory to this response. You need to look back over the lecture slides and use appropriate models to frame your analysis and recommendations. While what you write is sound, it does not directly address the case study. There is insufficient detail.
Very limited reference list (because of the lack of theory in the response). Remember that references should be in alphabetical order.
assessment brief
Module Title:
Marketing Services
Submission Deadline:
Tuesday 12th July 2019
Assessment Component
Coursework (RESIT)
Assessment Weighting:
50 per cent of total module mark
Marking and feedback deadline (20 working days)
13th August 2019
Assessment Instructions
This is an individual case-based assignment that requires you to answer a question in relation to the case study below: ‘Best Car Hire’.
Question: Using services marketing theory, analyse and explain Best’s loss of customersand recommendhow it might improve the customer experience. (100 marks)
General Guidance
· The coursework requires you to select and apply theories, frameworks, and concepts from the first six study units of the module.
· It is your decision as to what theories/frameworks/concepts to use to inform your answer. There is no recommended minimum or maximum number, but generally, quality of application is more important than the quantity.
Assignment Linux ForensicsResearch information about Linux .docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Linux Forensics
Research information about Linux forensic investigations and appropriate tools.
Identify and describe three websites that provide highly relevant information to Linux forensic investigations.
Assignment Requirements
You are an experienced digital forensics specialist for DigiFirm Investigation Company. DigiFirm is involved in an investigation of a large corporation accused of unauthorized access of a competitor's database to obtain customer information. The DigiFirm team will be responsible for the forensic investigation of the seized computers that are running Linux.Chris, your team leader, has asked you to research information and tools that the team can use during the investigations.
For this assignment:
Research websites that provide information or tools for Linux forensic investigations.
Write a report that describes three of the most promising websites in detail and discusses why these resources might be helpful in a forensic examination.
Required Resources
Course textbook
Internet access
Submission Requirements
Format: Microsoft Word
Font: Arial, Size 12, double-space
Citation Style: Follow your school's preferred style guideLength:1-2 pages
Self-Assessment Checklist
I researched websites that provide information or tools for Linux forensic investigations.
I wrote a report that describes three of the most promising websites in detail and discusses why these resources might be helpful in a forensic examination.
I created a professional, well-developed report with proper documentation, grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
.
Assignment Legislation Grid and TestimonyAdvocacy Statement.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Legislation Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement
As a nurse, how often have you thought to yourself,
If I had anything to do about it, things would work a little differently?
Increasingly, nurses are beginning to realize that they do, in fact, have a role and a voice.
Many nurses encounter daily experiences that motivate them to take on an advocacy role in hopes of impacting policies, laws, or regulations that impact healthcare issues of interest. Of course, doing so means entering the less familiar world of policy and politics. While many nurses do not initially feel prepared to operate in this space effectively, the reward is the opportunity to shape and influence future health policy.
To Prepare:
Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) using the congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Legislation Grid; 1-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)
Be sure to add a title page, an introduction, purpose statement, and a conclusion. This is an APA paper.
Part 1: Legislation Grid
Based on the health-related bill (proposed, not enacted) you selected, complete the Legislation Grid Template. Be sure to address the following:
Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.
Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.
Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.
Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?
Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement
Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:
Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.
Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.
At least 2 outside resources and 2-3 course specific resources are used.
.
Assignment Legislation Comparison Grid and TestimonyAdvocacy State.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement
As a nurse, how often have you thought to yourself,
If I had anything to do about it, things would work a little differently?
Increasingly, nurses are beginning to realize that they do, in fact, have a role and a voice.
Many nurses encounter daily experiences that motivate them to take on an advocacy role in hopes of impacting policies, laws, or regulations that impact healthcare issues of interest. Of course, doing so means entering the less familiar world of policy and politics. While many nurses do not initially feel prepared to operate in this space effectively, the reward is the opportunity to shape and influence future health policy.
To Prepare:
Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) using the congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid; 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)
Part 1: Legislation Comparison Grid
Based on the health-related bill (proposed, not enacted) you selected, complete the Legislation Comparison Grid Template. Be sure to address the following:
Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.
Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.
Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.
Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?
Is it receiving press coverage?
Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement
Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:
Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.
Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.
Recommend at least one amendment to the bill in support of your position.
.
Assignment Leadership Style What Do People Do When They Are Leadin.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Leadership Style: What Do People Do When They Are Leading?
Due Week 9 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the following CEOs for this assignment: Larry Page (Google), Tony Hsieh (Zappos), Gary Kelly (Southwest Airlines), Meg Whitman (Hewlett Packard), Ursula Burns (Xerox), Terri Kelly (W.L. Gore), Ellen Kullman (DuPont), or Bob McDonald (Procter & Gamble). Use the Internet to investigate the leadership style and effectiveness of the selected CEO.
Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you:
Provide a brief (one [1] paragraph) background of the CEO.
Analyze the CEO’s leadership style and philosophy, and how the CEO’s leadership style aligns with the culture.
Examine the CEO’s personal and organizational values.
Evaluate how the values of the CEO are likely to influence ethical behavior within the organization.
Determine the CEO’s three (3) greatest strengths and three (3) greatest weaknesses.
Select the quality that you believe contributes most to this leader’s success. Support your reasoning.
Assess how communication and collaboration, and power and politics influence group (i.e., the organization’s) dynamics.
Use at least five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Analyze the formation and dynamics of group behavior and work teams, including the application of power in groups.
Outline various individual and group decision-making processes and key factors affecting these processes.
Examine the primary conflict levels within organization and the process for negotiating resolutions.
Examine how power and influence empower and affect office politics, political interpretations, and political behavior.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in organizational behavior.
Write clearly and concisely about organizational behavior using proper writing mechanics.
.
Assignment Legislation Comparison Grid and TestimonyAdvocacy S.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement
As a nurse, how often have you thought to yourself,
If I had anything to do about it, things would work a little differently?
Increasingly, nurses are beginning to realize that they do, in fact, have a role and a voice.
Many nurses encounter daily experiences that motivate them to take on an advocacy role in hopes of impacting policies, laws, or regulations that impact healthcare issues of interest. Of course, doing so means entering the less familiar world of policy and politics. While many nurses do not initially feel prepared to operate in this space effectively, the reward is the opportunity to shape and influence future health policy.
To Prepare:
· Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) using the congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources.(
https://www.congress.gov/
)
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid; 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)
Part 1: Legislation Comparison Grid
Based on the health-related bill (proposed, not enacted) you selected, complete the Legislation Comparison Grid Template. Be sure to address the following:
· Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.
· Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.
· Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.
· Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?
· Is it receiving press coverage?
Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement
Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:
· Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.
· Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.
· Recommend at least one amendment to the bill in support of your position.
.
Assignment Leadership and Strategic PlanningIn this assignm.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Leadership and Strategic Planning
In this assignment, you consider how leaders can engage in a strategic planning process with stakeholders to develop a plan to guide the organization’s evolution and development for the long-term. Since strategic planning should engage persons who will be affected by an organization’s decisions (e.g., staff, administration, board members, members of the community), it is important to include key stakeholders in the planning process so that it reflects their perspectives and interests.
For this Assignment, think about how you would begin the strategic planning process for a human services organization. Consider the human services organizations for which you have worked either in your fieldwork or as an employee. Based on what you know about a particular organization, what steps might you take to establish a plan for the organization’s long-term development?
Assignment (600 - word in APA format):
- Describe the
first three steps
you would take to begin the strategic planning process for a human services organization.
- Define the key stakeholders—who should be involved in each step and why they need to be included in the process.
- Include steps you would take to establish stakeholder support and confidence.
Note:
Although you will base your strategic plan on what you know about an actual organization,
do not include any identifying information about the organization or its stakeholders.
Must contain at least 4 references and citations from the following resources.
Required Readings
Lauffer, A. (2011).
Understanding your social agency
(3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Sage.
Chapter 10, “Agency Structure and Change” (pp. 324–352)
Northouse, P. G. (2021).
Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice
(5th ed.). Washington, DC: Sage.
Chapter 7, “Creating a Vision” (pp. 161-208)
Chapter 8, “Establishing a Constructive Climate” (pp. 182-208)
Chapter 10, “Listening to Out-Group Members” (pp. 252-275)
Finley, D. S., Rogers, G., Napier, M., & Wyatt, J. (2011). From needs-based segmentation to program realignment: Transformation of YWCA of Calgary.
Administration in Social Work
,
35
(3), 299–323.
Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014b).
Social work case studies: Concentration year
. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing [Vital Source e-reader].
“Social Work Supervision, Leadership, and Administration: The Southeast Planning Group” (pp. 85–86)
.
Assignment Lab Assignment Assessing the Genitalia and Rectum.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Lab Assignment: Assessing the Genitalia and Rectum
Photo Credit: Getty Images
Patients are frequently uncomfortable discussing with healthcare professional’s issues that involve the genitalia and rectum; however, gathering an adequate history and properly conducting a physical exam are vital. Examining case studies of genital and rectal abnormalities can help prepare advanced practice nurses to accurately assess patients with problems in these areas.
In this Lab Assignment, you will analyze an Episodic note case study that describes abnormal findings in patients seen in a clinical setting. You will consider what history should be collected from the patients, as well as which physical exams and diagnostic tests should be conducted. You will also formulate a differential diagnosis with several possible conditions.
To Prepare
Review the Episodic note case study your instructor provides you for this week’s Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your Episodic note case study.
Based on the Episodic note case study:
Review this week’s Learning Resources, and consider the insights they provide about the case study. Refer to Chapter 3 of the Sullivan resource to guide you as you complete your Lab Assignment.
Search the Walden library or the Internet for evidence-based resources to support your answers to the questions provided.
Consider what history would be necessary to collect from the patient in the case study.
Consider what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be appropriate to gather more information about the patient’s condition. How would the results be used to make a diagnosis?
Identify
at least five
possible conditions that may be considered in a differential diagnosis for the patient.
The Lab Assignment
Using evidence-based resources from your search, answer the following questions and support your answers using current evidence from the literature.
Analyze the subjective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation.
Analyze the objective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation.
Is the assessment supported by the subjective and objective information? Why or why not?
Would diagnostics be appropriate for this case, and how would the results be used to make a diagnosis?
Would you reject/accept the current diagnosis? Why or why not? Identify three possible conditions that may be considered as a differential diagnosis for this patient. Explain your reasoning using at least three different references from current evidence-based literature.
In this Lab Assignment, you will analyze an Episodic note case study that describes abnormal findings in patients seen in a clinical setting. You will consider what history should be collected from the patients, as well as which physical exams and diagnostic tests should be conducted. You will also formulate a differential.
Assignment Keys
Black: The requirements of that section in the assignment
Red: The indication of the example header
Blue: All blues are examples of the requirements for that section of the assignment
Introduction of assignment
This assignment is a group research project. Students who do not participate will get a zero
(0) score. Each group will create a topic for research. The topic chosen must be related to
‘Emerging Threats to National Infrastructures.’
How to create your research topic
➢ Think of an idea
➢ Log into the school library and go to ProQuest or any other academic site
➢ Type the idea as a topic in the search area
➢ Find a research study (dissertation 1-5 years old)
➢ Read the abstract of the article to see if it coincides with your topic idea
➢ Go to chapter five (Findings and Recommendations)
➢ Carefully examine the findings and recommendations
➢ Create your topic from what the author suggested more research needed
The research project should be at least ten pages in length. Each section of the research project
has specific requirements. In this assignment, a paragraph is 4-6 sentences directed towards a
particular subtopic. Using the APA 6th Edition format, each group should provide the following
information about their research project. The group will then conduct a mock semi-research
project by doing the following:
NB: For various reason, some of the sections as it relates to an academic research project
were removed.
The assignment
➢ Research topic:
o Introduced and described to establish the main ideas and context of the proposed
research topic (Two paragraphs with at least three different citations)
Example:
The research topic is introduced and described to establish the main ideas and context of
the proposed study
➢ Provide an overview of the research project
o (Provide credible information from authors or practitioners who have conducted
research in this discipline and have recommended more research is needed) (At
least five paragraphs at least 12 different in-text citations)
Example:
Over the past two decades, the [environment of your problem] has changed. While
………have improved,………….. aspects have not achieved the same level of expectations
(reference, 2013). Toward this end, research investigations have indicated [a shortage or gap in
the knowledge that is needed – what is this] (reference, 2013; reference, 2009). This lack of
……….. is creating……………., which must be improved to ……………. Therefore,
………….. research is needed to ………………(reference, 2013). Explain why is the topic of
current interest….Why is the research area of importance to practical concerns
➢ Provide the research methodology will be used
o Qualitative or Quantitative and why?
o (At least two paragraphs at least four different citations)
➢ Provide a problem statement for the research project
o (At least two paragraphs at least six different citations.
Assignment Journal Entry – Media and SexismMany marketing effor.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Journal Entry – Media and Sexism
Many marketing efforts perpetuate the gender stereotypes that are steeped in our culture. Two examples at attempts to maintain these stereotypes through advertising are the Bic Critsal For Her and the Easy Bake Oven. These two conceivably innocuous items triggered a flood of articles, petitions, and videos, denouncing their perceived underlying messages.
The first controversy that erupted surrounded the Bic Cristal For Her pen. This pen was created and packaged specifically for women to use. Several groups lashed out at Bic, calling their attempt to target women with "lady pens" sexist and demeaning. Its detractors felt the campaign was degrading and fed into stereotypes by highlighting the thin design and the use of pastel colors. The negative press was overwhelming, although the pens have remained on the market.
Consumers also targeted those responsible for marketing the Easy Bake Oven by sending a petition asking its parent company Hasbro to make the ovens in colors other than pink and purple. Thousands of individuals signed the petition asking for alternative oven colors after a teenage girl from New Jersey was angered that her younger brother would have no other option but to use an oven in the colors that are considered stereotypically female. It was argued that the colors supported the stereotypical view that only young girls would want to bake. The signers of the petition felt that young boys who might want to use the toy would be more likely to practice their baking skills if the color of the oven was gender neutral.
Consider these two stories and think about your own reactions to the responses to the advertising and merchandising of these items.
To prepare:
View the assigned resources and reflect on your experience with gender.
Submit a
2- to 4- page paper, in which you:
Identify specific messages about gender presented in the mass media.
Discuss messages about gender you have received from your family or cultural group.
Analyze how these messages have influenced your experience with gender.
Explain how you might address issues related to sexism in the mass media and diverse cultural beliefs about gender and gender roles in your social work practice. AssignmeMany marketing efforts perpetuate the gender stereotypes that are steeped in our culture. Two examples at attempts to maintain these stereotypes through advertising are the Bic Critsal For Her and the Easy Bake Oven. These two conceivably innocuous items triggered a flood of articles, petitions, and videos, denouncing their perceived underlying messages.The first controversy that erupted surrounded the Bic Cristal For Her pen. This pen was created and packaged specifically for women to use. Several groups lashed out at Bic, calling their attempt to target women with "lady pens" sexist and demeaning. Its detractors felt the campaign was degrading and fed into stereotypes by highlighting the thin design and the use o.
Assignment IT Infrastructure PoliciesLearning Objectives and Ou.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: IT Infrastructure Policies
Learning Objectives and Outcomes
Examine IT infrastructure policies.
Describe IT infrastructure policies based on the scenario given.
Scenario
You work for a large, private health care organization that has server, mainframe, and RSA user access. Your organization requires identification of the types of user access policies provided to its employees.
Sean, your manager, was impressed with the work you did on User Domain policies. This time, Sean is asking you to write descriptions for policies that affect server, mainframe, and RSA user access.
Assignment Requirements
Research policies for each affected IT infrastructure domain, and place them into a table with an introduction explaining the following questions: Who? What? When? Why? Be sure to add a conclusion with a rationale for your selections. Reference your research so your manager may add or refine this report before submission to senior management.
Required Resources
None
.
Assignment IT Infrastructure PoliciesLearning Objectives and .docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: IT Infrastructure Policies
Learning Objectives and Outcomes
Examine IT infrastructure policies.
Describe IT infrastructure policies based on the scenario given.
Scenario
You work for a large, private health care organization that has server, mainframe, and RSA user access. Your organization requires identification of the types of user access policies provided to its employees.
Sean, your manager, was impressed with the work you did on User Domain policies. This time, Sean is asking you to write descriptions for policies that affect server, mainframe, and RSA user access.
Assignment Requirements
Research policies for each affected IT infrastructure domain, and place them into a table with an introduction explaining the following questions: Who? What? When? Why? Be sure to add a conclusion with a rationale for your selections. Reference your research so your manager may add or refine this report before submission to senior management.
Submission Requirements
· Format: Microsoft Word
· Font: Times New Roman, 12-Point, Double-Space
· Length: 2–3 pages
.
Assignment is dues Tuesday 27th of August by 1200 pm eastern ti.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment is dues Tuesday 27th of August by 12:00 pm eastern time
Part 1
Pick any one of the assignments I listed below. It only has to be five to seven sentences no APA format is needed.
Identify an assignment in this course that had a positive impact on you. How will you be able to apply the skills you learned from it to gain life and/or career success?
Some of the Assignments you can choose to reflect upon are listed below
the role of character and personal integrity in business ethics.
Discuss how business have implemented a culture of ethical business behavior.
Discuss how leaders in those businesses have or have not accomplished this initiative.
Share your thoughts about what can happen to a business if ethical standards are not taken seriously.
Reflect upon the corporate culture with respect to the practice of ethics within the organization. What was leadership's role in establishing this culture within the organization? How did power and motivation relate to the degree of ethical conduct?
Part 2
For this assignment, you will take on the role of a Vice President of a major organization. The CEO has assigned you the responsibility of educating the leaders within the organization of the importance of maintaining an ethical culture. The tone of the presentation should be of a persuasive nature as you will also be asking these leaders to take this initiative to each of their areas. As you compile this presentation, include the following:
1. Explain exactly what it means to maintain an ethical culture within the organization.
2. Analyze the role that culture plays in global business ethics.
3. Describe and persuade on the importance and rationale for maintaining an ethical culture within the entire organization. Think about methods that could be used to motivate towards ethical business practices.
4. Recommend tactical methods that might be used within each of their areas.
Your PowerPoint presentation should be 12-14 slides, not including the title slide and reference slide. All sources used must be referenced and paraphrased. Directly quoted material must have accompanying citations and be cited per APA guidelines.
Use of speaker notes is required as well. In the speaker notes, you will provide what you would say if you were actually giving the presentation to an audience. Please write your notes in complete sentences and adhere to typical grammar and/or punctuation rules.
.
Assignment is due Wednesday by 3pm ZERO Plagiarism include reference.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment is due Wednesday by 3pm ZERO Plagiarism include references
Obtain
a copy of the organization’s annual report and SEC filings for the past 2 years.
Write
a 400-word paper in which you analyze the data in the annual reports and SEC filings. Address the following:
· Identify processes the organization uses to comply with SEC regulations with WAL-MART.
o Current
o Debt
o Return on equity
o Days receivable
· Discuss the trend for each ratio and what it tells you about the organization’s financial health.
.
Assignment is due by Today by 6pm ZERO Plagiarism include references.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment is due by Today by 6pm ZERO Plagiarism include references
Nonverbal Communications in the Workplace
·
Watch
the video clip “Pulling the Weight at Work.”
o
Go to
www.mhhe.com/pearson4e
.
o
Click on
Student Edition
, located under Online Learning Center.
Click on
Video Series
on the left-hand side.
This report should be 700 to 1,000 words, written in third-person narrative style and
APA
6
th
EDITION
format with topic headings. Include at least FIVE citations and references from professional sources WITH AUTHORS from the UOP Online Library.
Describe
three situations involving nonverbal communication that you observed or experienced between a manager and subordinate. Detail the following for each situation:
·
The setting, such as a conversation, presentation, or meeting. Describe the relationship between the participants, such as the boss and subordinate, peers, speaker, and audience.
·
The nonverbal communications you observed and whether they were congruent with the verbal conversation. Where incongruence occurred, how might the participants have provided effective feedback to prevent the situation from recurring?
·
The function or functions of the non-verbal communication such as complementing, accenting, contradicting, repeating, regulating, or substituting. How did your non-verbal communication examples fulfill these functions?
·
How unconventional language or word choice might have hindered the situations observed. Consider “shoptalk” and denotative versus connotative meanings.
·
At least one listening technique the manager used. Was this an appropriate technique for this situation? Why or why not? What other effective listening techniques would you recommend for the manager in this situation?
o
o
Use the following outline:
I.
Introduction
II.
Situation 1
a.
Setting
b.
Nonverbal Communications Observed
c.
Function(s) of the Non-verbal Communication
d.
Hindrance from Language or Word Choice
e.
Listening Techniques Used
III.
Situation 2
a.
Setting
b.
Nonverbal Communications Observed
c.
Function(s) of the Non-verbal Communication
d.
Hindrance from Language or Word Choice
e.
Listening Techniques Used
IV. Situation 3
a.
Setting
b.
Nonverbal Communications Observed
c.
Function(s) of the Non-verbal Communication
d.
Hindrance from Language or Word Choice
e.
Listening Techniques Used
V. Conclusion
Run your paper through WritePoint and the Plagiarism Checker before you submit it.
Post this paper by MONDAY, Day 7, to the ASSIGNMENTS area as an ATTACHMENT in .doc, .docx, or .rtf format. Papers not posted in these file formats will receive zero points as I cannot open them.
Use the subject line “Your Name – Week 2 Paper” to post your paper. This should be the only file posted and there should be only one posting. In other words, post it only once.
.
Assignment Interview Question on Patriotism and Military Histor.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Interview Question on Patriotism and Military History
There are many rituals in the military that are highly symbolic such as the Tomb of the Unknowns or the Funeral Flag. These have long and significant histories that are not known to many. Those that do know the histories recognize the significance and honor that accompanies them.
For this Assignment, select one of these highly regarded actions and write a 1-2 page paper explaining its history, meaning and implications. Include at least two questions about it you will be asking your subject for your paper. Be sure to include why it is important to ask about that information.
Submit a 1-2 page paper in which you accomplish the following:
Describe a ritual that occurs in the military
Explain the history, meaning, and implications of this ritual
.
Assignment Interview PreparationPart IUse the Internet to loc.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: Interview Preparation
Part I
Use
the Internet to locate a job posting that supports your career path or professional interest.
Create
a one-page resume that highlights the knowledge, skills, and experience you possess that align to the job posting you located on the Internet.
Part II
Write
a paper of approximately 750 words on how one could implement strategies that will assist in the achievement of professional goals such as changing careers or trying to get a promotion.
Include
the interviewing strategies that you would use and those you would avoid.
Provide
a list of best practices and tools for searching, preparing, and securing new employment as well as promotional opportunities
.
Assignment International trade and interprises··Impor.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment: International trade and interprises
·
·
Import substitution and Export oriented approach (compare any two countries, one
Developed and one developing country
Structure of the Research Paper
•
Introduction – which topic 300 words
•
Body- Discuss the topic in the article and with some theory -1500 words
•
Conclusion 300 words
Note=
-
More marks for research – choosing a good article on something specific
-
Atleast 6 to 10 articles on your topic besides facts and figures
-
Theory should not be more than 1500 words
-
More marks for application and your comments on the topic in conclusion
.
Assignment is due by 600 PM Eastern Time (about 8 hours from now).docxhoward4little59962
Assignment is due by 6:00 PM Eastern Time (about 8 hours from now)
Assignment Task
:
You are to write a 150 words email.
Detail on an aspect(s) of the unit that personally surprised you, changed your thinking and how will you use it in your professional writing
.
Your reflection should not be an academic rephrasing! It is a reflection. Your e
mail must be professional and not overly casual.
How to Write a Reflection
Writing a reflection is multifaceted. The writer needs to do so much before writing, and in the moment of the writing (and editing), the author must stay on track to his/her focus while giving plenty of detail for the reader to FEEL the message. It’s as much about thinking and thinking about thinking as it is to feeling.
Reflection is a combination of cognition, emotion, and body sensations. Here is an approach to help you reflect well. Not only will you learn the information, but the process of reflection actually boosts the brain’s ability to make decisions.
1. Using a quiet mind and a quiet environment, be quiet and listen to your thoughts. Reflection is quiet.
2.
Step One
is
Critical Thinking
: Ask questions like…
What did I learn that I expected? What did I learn that I didn’t expect?
How am I changed?
What will I do with this information?
How will I influence others with this information?
3.
Step Two: Examine your own thinking
. How was I thinking that? What was I thinking? Why? What were my biases, assumptions, etc?
4.
Step
Four
(We skip gathering information.): After confidence to your learning based on the content covered, decide a writing core –
a focus.
5.
Write in first person.
Write with depth – no surface only comments. Write with specificity. What exactly did you learn and what will you do with that new you?
.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Assignment InstructionsTHIS IS FOR WEEK 5!!The Learning R.docx
1. Assignment Instructions
THIS IS FOR WEEK 5!!
The Learning Reflection Journal is a compilation of
weekly learning reflections you'll independently write about
across Weeks 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7. During each of the assigned
weeks, you will write two paragraphs, each 300 words in length
(i.e., 600 words total). The first paragraph will describe a topic
that you found particularly interesting during that week and
what made it interesting, and the second paragraph will describe
something that you have observed occurring in the real world
that exemplified that topic. Only one topic may be recorded in
the journal for each assigned week and your observed real word
occurrence must be clearly related to it.
READINGPersonality Theory
Created July 7, 2017 by userMark Kelland
In contrast to both the often dark, subconscious
emphasis of the psychodynamic theorists and the somewhat
cold, calculated perspectives of behavioral/cognitive theorists,
the humanistic psychologists focus on each individual’s
potential for personal growth and self-actualization. Carl
Rogers was influenced by strong religious experiences (both in
America and in China) and his early clinical career in a
children’s hospital. Consequently, he developed his therapeutic
techniques and the accompanying theory in accordance with a
positive and hopeful perspective. Rogers also focused on the
unique characteristics and viewpoint of individuals.
Abraham Maslow is best known for his extensive
studies on the most salient feature of the humanistic
perspective: self-actualization. He is also the one who referred
to humanistic psychology as the third force, after the
psychodynamic and behavioral/cognitive perspectives, and he
specifically addressed the need for psychology to move beyond
2. its study of unhealthy individuals. He was also interested in the
psychology of the work place, and his recognition in the
business field has perhaps made him the most famous
psychologist.
Henry Murray was an enigmatic figure, who seemingly
failed to properly acknowledge the woman who inspired much
of his work, and who believed his life had been something of a
failure. Perhaps he felt remorse as a result of maintaining an
extramarital affair with the aforementioned woman, thanks in
large part to the advice and help of Carl Jung! Murray extended
a primarily psychodynamic perspective to the study of human
needs in normal individuals. His Thematic Apperception Test
was one of the first psychological tests applied outside of a
therapeutic setting, and it provided the basis for studying the
need for achievement (something akin to a learned form of self-
actualization). Carl Rogers and Humanistic Psychology
Carl Rogers is the psychologist many people associate
first with humanistic psychology, but he did not establish the
field in the way that Freud established psychoanalysis. A few
years older than Abraham Maslow, and having moved into
clinical practice more directly, Rogers felt a need to develop a
new theoretical perspective that fit with his clinical
observations and personal beliefs. Thus, he was proposing a
humanistic approach to psychology and, more specifically,
psychotherapy before Maslow. It was Maslow, however, who
used the term humanistic psychology as a direct contrast to
behaviorism and psychoanalysis. And it was Maslow who
contacted some friends, in 1954, in order to begin meetings that
led to the creation of the American Association for Humanistic
Psychology. Rogers was included in that group, but so were
Erich Fromm and Karen Horney, both of whom had distinctly
humanistic elements in their own theories, elements that shared
a common connection to Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology
(Stagner, 1988). In addition, the spiritual aspects of humanistic
psychology, such as peak experiences and transcendence, have
roots in the work of Carl Jung and William James, and go even
3. further back in time to ancient philosophies of Yoga and
Buddhism.
In at least one important way, Rogers’ career was
similar to that of Sigmund Freud. As he began his clinical
career, he found that the techniques he had been taught were not
very effective. So, he began experimenting with his own ideas,
and developing his own therapeutic approach. As that approach
developed, so did a unique theory of personality that aimed at
explaining the effectiveness of the therapy. Rogers found it
difficult to explain what he had learned, but he felt quite
passionately about it:
…the real meaning of a word can never be expressed in
words, because the real meaning would be the thing itself. If
one wishes to give such a real meaning he should put his hand
over his mouth and point. This is what I should most like to
do. I would willingly throw away all the words of this
manuscript if I could, somehow, effectively point to the
experience which is therapy. It is a process, a thing-in-itself, an
experience, a relationship, a dynamic… (pp. ix; Rogers,
1951)Brief Biography of Carl Rogers
Carl Ransom Rogers was born on January 8, 1902, in
Chicago, Illinois. His parents were well-educated, and his
father was a successful civil engineer. His parents loved their
six children, of whom Rogers was the fourth, but they exerted a
distinct control over them. They were fundamentalist
Christians, who emphasized a close-knit family and constant,
productive work, but approved of little else. The Rogers
household expected standards of behavior appropriate for the
‘elect’ of God: there was no drinking of alcohol, no dancing,
no visits to the theater, no card games, and little social life at
all (DeCarvalho, 1991; Thorne, 2003).
Rogers was not the healthiest of children, and his
family considered him to be overly sensitive. The more his
family teased him, the more he retreated into a lonely world of
fantasy. He sought consolation by reading books, and he was
4. well above his grade level for reading when he began school. In
1914 the family moved to a large farm west of Chicago, a move
motivated primarily by a desire to keep the children away from
the temptations of suburban city life. The result was even more
isolation for Rogers, who lamented that he’d only had two dates
by the end of high school. He continued to learn, however,
becoming something of an expert on the large moths that lived
in the area. In addition, his father encouraged the children to
develop their own ventures, and Rogers and his brothers raised
a variety of livestock. Given these interests, and in keeping
with family tradition, Rogers enrolled in the University of
Wisconsin-Madison to study scientific agriculture (DeCarvalho,
1991; Thorne, 2003).
During his first year of college, Rogers attended a
Sunday morning group of students led by Professor George
Humphrey. Professor Humphrey was a facilitative leader, who
refused to be conventional and who encouraged the students to
make their own decisions. Rogers found the intellectual
freedom very stimulating, and he also began to make close
friends. This increased intellectual and emotional energy led
Rogers to re-examine his commitment to Christianity. Given
his strong religious faith, he decided to change his major to
history, in anticipation of a career as a Christian minister. He
was fortunate to be chosen as one of only twelve students from
America to attend a World Student Christian Federation
conference in Peking, China. He traveled throughout China
(also visiting Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, the Philippines, and
Hawaii) for 6 months, surrounded by other intelligent and
creative young people. He kept a detailed journal, and wrote
lengthy letters to his family and Helen Elliott, a childhood
friend whom he considered to be his “sweetheart.” His mind
was stretched in all directions by this profound cross-cultural
experience, and the intellectual and spiritual freedom he was
embracing blinded him to the fact that his fundamentalist family
was deeply disturbed by what he had to say. However, by the
time Rogers was aware of his family’s disapproval, he had been
5. changed, and he believed that people of very different cultures
and faiths can all be sincere and honest (Kirschenbaum, 1995;
Thorne, 2003). As a curious side note, Rogers’ roommate on
the trip was a Black seminary professor. Rogers was vaguely
aware that it was strange at that time for a Black man and a
White man to room together, but he was particularly surprised
at the stares they received from the Chinese people they met,
who had never seen a Black person before (Rogers & Russell,
2002). After his return from China, Rogers graduated from
college, and 2 months later he married Helen. Again his family
disapproved, believing that the young couple should be more
established first. But Rogers had been accepted to the Union
Theological Seminary in New York City, and both he and Helen
wanted to be together. His family may have wanted them to
wait because Union Theological Seminary was, perhaps, the
most liberal seminary in America at the time (DeCarvalho,
1991; Rogers & Russell, 2002; Thorne, 2003).
Rogers spent 2 years at the seminary, including a
summer assignment as the pastor of a small church in Vermont.
However, his desire not to impose his own beliefs on others,
made it difficult for him to preach. He began taking courses at
nearby Teachers’ College of Columbia University, where he
learned about clinical and educational psychology, as well as
working with disturbed children. He then transferred to
Teachers’ College, and after writing a dissertation in which he
developed a test for measuring personality adjustment in
children, he earned his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology. Then, in
1928, he began working at the Rochester Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Children (DeCarvalho, 1991; Thorne,
2003).
Rogers was immersed in his work in Rochester for 12
years. He found that even the most elaborate theories made
little sense when dealing with children who had suffered severe
psychological damage after traveling through the courts and the
social work systems. So Rogers developed his own approach,
and did his best to help them. Many of his colleagues,
6. including the director, had no particular therapeutic orientation:
When I would try to see what I could do to alter their
behavior, sometimes they would refuse to see me the next time.
I’d have a hard time getting them to come from the detention
home to my office, and that would cause me to think, “What is
it that I did that offended the child?” Well, usually it was
overinterpretation, or getting too smart in analyzing the causes
of behavior…So we approached every situation with much more
of a question of “What can we do to help?” rather than “What is
the mysterious cause of this behavior?” or “What theory does
the child fit into?” It was a very good place for learning in that
it was easy to be open to experience, and there was certainly no
pressure to fit into any particular pattern of thought. (pg. 108;
Rogers & Russell, 2002)
Eventually Rogers wrote a book outlining his work with
children, The Clinical Treatment of the Problem Child (Rogers,
1939), which received excellent reviews. He was offered a
professorship at Ohio State University. Beginning as a full
professor gave Rogers a great deal of freedom, and he was
frequently invited to give talks. It has been suggested that one
such talk, in December 1940, at the University of Minnesota,
entitled “Newer Concepts in Psychotherapy,” was the official
birthday of client-centered therapy. Very popular with his
students, Rogers was not so welcome amongst his colleagues.
Rogers believed that his work was particularly threatening to
those colleagues who believed that only their own expertise
could make psychotherapy effective. After only 4 years, during
which he published Counseling and Psychotherapy (Rogers,
1942), Rogers moved on to the University of Chicago, where he
established the counseling center, wrote Client-Centered
Therapy (Rogers, 1951) and contributed several chapters
to Psychotherapy and Personality Change (Rogers & Dymond,
1954), and in 1956 received a Distinguished Scientific
Contribution Award from the American Psychological
7. Association. Then, in 1957, he accepted a joint appointment in
psychiatry and psychology at the University of Wisconsin to
study psychotic individuals. Rogers had serious doubts about
leaving Chicago, but felt that the joint appointment would allow
him to make a dramatic contribution to psychotherapy. It was a
serious mistake. He did not get along with his colleagues in the
psychology department, whom he considered to be antagonistic,
outdated, “rat-oriented,” and distrustful of clinical psychology,
and so he resigned. He kept his appointment in the psychiatry
department, however, and in 1961 published perhaps his most
influential book, On Becoming a Person (Rogers, 1961).
In 1963, Rogers moved to California to join the Western
Behavioral Sciences Institute, at the invitation of one of his
former students, Richard Farson. This was a non-profit institute
dedicated to the study of humanistically-oriented interpersonal
relations. Rogers was leery of making another major move, but
eventually agreed. He became very active in research on
encounter groups and educational theory. Five years later,
when Farson left the institute, there was a change in its
direction. Rogers was unhappy with the changes, so he joined
some colleagues in leaving and establishing the Center for
Studies of the Person, where he remained until his death. In his
later years, Rogers wrote books on topics such as personal
power and marriage (Rogers, 1972, 1977). In 1980, he
published A Way of Being (Rogers, 1980), in which he changed
the terminology of his perspective from “client-centered” to
“person-centered.” With the assistance of his daughter Natalie,
who had studied with Abraham Maslow, he held many group
workshops on life, family, business, education, and world
peace. He traveled to regions where tension and danger were
high, including Poland, Russia, South Africa, and Northern
Ireland. In 1985 he brought together influential leaders of
seventeen Central American countries for a peace conference in
Austria. The day he died, February 4, 1987, without knowing
it, he had just been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize
(DeCarvalho, 1991; Kirschenbaum, 1995; Thorne, 2003).
8. Placing Rogers in Context: A Psychology 2,600 Years in the
Making
Carl Rogers was an extraordinary individual whose approach
to psychology emphasized individuality. Raised with a strong
Christian faith, exposed to Eastern culture and spirituality in
college, and then employed as a therapist for children, he came
to value and respect each person he met. Because of that
respect for the ability of each person to grow, and the belief
that we are innately driven toward actualization, Rogers began
the distinctly humanistic approach to psychotherapy that
became known as client-centered therapy.
Taken together, client-centered therapy and self-
actualization offer a far more positive approach to fostering the
growth of each person than most other disciplines in
psychology. Unlike the existing approaches of psychoanalysis,
which aimed to uncover problems from the past, or behavior
therapies, which aimed to identify problem behaviors and
control or “fix” them, client-centered therapy grew out of
Rogers’ simple desire to help his clients move forward in their
lives. Indeed, he had been trained as a psychoanalyst, but
Rogers found the techniques unsatisfying, both in their goals
and their ability to help the children he was working with at the
time. The seemingly hands-off approach of client-centered
therapy fit well with a Taoist perspective, something Rogers
had studied, discussed, and debated during his trip to China.
In A Way of Being, Rogers (1980) quotes what he says is
perhaps his favorite saying, one which sums up many of his
deeper beliefs:
If I keep from meddling with people, they take care of
themselves,
If I keep from commanding people, they behave
themselves,
If I keep from preaching at people, they improve
themselves,
If I keep from imposing on people, they become
9. themselves.
Lao Tsu, c600 B.C.; Note: This translation differs
somewhat from the one
cited in the References. I have included the
translation Rogers quoted,
since the difference likely influenced his impression
of this saying.
Rogers, like Maslow, wanted to see psychology contribute
far more to society than merely helping individuals with
psychological distress. He extended his sincere desire to help
people learn to really communicate, with empathic
understanding, to efforts aimed at bringing peace to the world.
On the day he died, he had just been nominated for the Nobel
Peace Prize. Since a Nobel Prize cannot be awarded to someone
who has died, he was not eligible to be nominated again. If he
had lived a few more years, he may well have received that
award. His later years were certainly committed to peace in a
way that deserved such recognition.Basic Concepts
Rogers believed that each of us lives in a constantly
changing private world, which he called the experiential field.
Everyone exists at the center of their own experiential field, and
that field can only be fully understood from the perspective of
the individual. This concept has a number of important
implications. The individual’s behavior must be understood as
a reaction to their experience and perception of the field. They
react to it as an organized whole, and it is their reality. The
problem this presents for the therapist is that only the individual
can really understand their experiential field. This is quite
different than the Freudian perspective, in which only the
trained and objective psychoanalyst can break through the
defense mechanisms and understand the basis of the patient’s
unconscious impulses. One’s perception of the experiential
field is limited, however. Rogers believed that certain
impulses, or sensations, can only enter into the conscious field
of experience under certain circumstances. Thus, the
experiential field is not a true reality, but rather an individual’s
10. potential reality (Rogers, 1951).
The one basic tendency and striving of the individual is
to actualize, maintain, and enhance the experiencing of the
individual or, in other words, an actualizing tendency. Rogers
borrowed the term self-actualization, a term first used by Kurt
Goldstein, to describe this basic striving.
The tendency of normal life is toward activity and progress.
For the sick, the only form of self-actualization that remains is
the maintenance of the existent state. That, however, is not the
tendency of the normal…Under adequate conditions the normal
organism seeks further activity. (pp. 162-163; Goldstein,
1934/1995).
For Rogers, self-actualization was a tendency to move
forward, toward greater maturity and independence, or self-
responsibility. This development occurs throughout life, both
biologically (the differentiation of a fertilized egg into the
many organ systems of the body) and psychologically (self-
government, self-regulation, socialization, even to the point of
choosing life goals). A key factor in understanding self-
actualization is the experiential field. A person’s needs are
defined, as well as limited, by their own potential for
experience. Part of this experiential field is an individual’s
emotions, feelings, and attitudes. Therefore, who the individual
is, their actual self, is critical in determining the nature and
course of their self-actualization (Rogers, 1951). We will
examine Maslow’s work on self-actualization in more detail
below.
What then, is the self? In Rogers’ (1951) initial
description of his theory of personality, the experiential field is
described in four points, the self-actualizing tendency in three
points, and the remaining eleven points attempt to define the
self. First and foremost, the self is a differentiated portion of
the experiential field. In other words, the self is that part of our
private world that we identify as “me,” “myself,” or “I.”
11. Beyond that, the self remains somewhat puzzling. Can the self
exist in isolation, outside of relationships that provide some
context for the self? Must the self be synonymous with the
physical body? As Rogers’ pointed out, when our foot “goes to
sleep” from a lack of circulation, we view it as an object, not as
a part of our self! Despite these challenging questions, Rogers
tried to define and describe the self.
Rogers believed the self is formed in relation to others;
it is an organized, fluid, yet consistent conceptual pattern of our
experiential interactions with the environment and the values
attached to those experiences. These experiences are
symbolized and incorporated into the structure of the self, and
our behavior is guided largely by how well new experiences fit
within that structure. We may behave in ways inconsistent with
the structure of our self, but when we do we will not “own” that
behavior. When experiences are so inconsistent that we cannot
symbolize them, or fit them into the structure of our self, the
potential for psychological distress arises. On the other hand,
when our concept of self is mature enough to incorporate all of
our perceptions and experiences, and we can assimilate those
experiences symbolically into our self, our psychological
adjustment will be quite healthy. Individuals who find it
difficult to assimilate new and different experiences, those
experiences that threaten the structure of the self, will develop
an increasingly rigid self-structure. Healthy individuals, in
contrast, will assimilate new experiences, their self-structure
will change and continue to grow, and they will become more
capable of understanding and accepting others as individuals
(Rogers, 1951).
The ability of individuals to make the choices necessary
for actualizing their self-structure and to then fulfill those
choices is what Rogers called personal power (Rogers, 1977).
He believed there are many self-actualized individuals
revolutionizing the world by trusting their own power, without
feeling a need to have “power over” others. They are also
willing to foster the latent actualizing tendency in others. We
12. can easily see the influence of Alfred Adler here, both in terms
of the creative power of the individual and seeking superiority
within a healthy context of social interest. Client-centered
therapy was based on making the context of personal power a
clear strategy in the therapeutic relationship:
…the client-centered approach is a conscious
renunciation and avoidance by the therapist of all control over,
or decision-making for, the client. It is the facilitation of self-
ownership by the client and the strategies by which this can be
achieved…based on the premise that the human being is
basically a trustworthy organism, capable of…making
constructive choices as to the next steps in life, and acting on
those choices. (pp. 14-15; Rogers, 1977)
Discussion Question: Rogers claimed that no one can really
understand your experiential field. Would you agree, or do you
sometimes find that close friends or family members seem to
understand you better than you understand yourself? Are these
relationships congruent?Personality Development
Although Rogers described personality within the
therapist-client relationship, the focus of his therapeutic
approach was based on how he believed the person had arrived
at a point in their life where they were suffering from
psychological distress. Therefore, the same issues apply to
personality development as in therapy. A very important aspect
of personality development, according to Rogers, is the parent-
child relationship. The nature of that relationship, and whether
it fosters self-actualization or impedes personal growth,
determines the nature of the individual’s personality and,
consequently, their self-structure and psychological adjustment.
A child begins life with an actualizing tendency. As
they experience life, and perceive the world around them, they
may be supported in all things by those who care for them, or
they may only be supported under certain conditions (e.g., if
their behavior complies with strict rules). As the child becomes
self-aware, it develops a need for positive regard. When the
13. parents offer the child unconditional positive regard, the child
continues moving forward in concert with its actualizing
tendency. So, when there is no discrepancy between the
child’s self-regard and its positive regard (from the parents), the
child will grow up psychologically healthy and well-adjusted.
However, if the parents offer only conditional positive regard, if
they only support the child according the desires and rules of
the parents, the child will develop conditions of worth. As a
result of these conditions of worth, the child will begin to
perceive their world selectively; they will avoid those
experiences that do not fit with its goal of obtaining positive
regard. The child will begin to live the life of those who set the
conditions of worth, rather than living its own life.
As the child grows older, and more aware of its own
condition in the world, their behavior will either fit within their
own self-structure or not. If they have received unconditional
positive regard, such that their self-regard and positive regard
are closely matched, they will experience congruence. In other
words, their sense of self and their experiences in life will fit
together, and the child will be relatively happy and well-
adjusted. But, if their sense of self and their ability to obtain
positive regard do not match, the child will
develop incongruence. Consider, for example, children playing
sports. That alone tells us that parents have established
guidelines within which the children are expected to “play.”
Then we have some children who are naturally athletic, and
other children who are more awkward and/or clumsy. They may
become quite athletic later in life, or not, but during childhood
there are many different levels of ability as they grow. If a
parent expects their child to be the best player on the team, but
the child simply isn’t athletic, how does the parent react? Do
they support the child and encourage them to have fun, or do …
Globe Tablecouname_firstUncertainty AvoidanceFuture
OrientationPower DistanceCollectivismHumane
OrientationPerformance orientationCollectivism 2Gender
16. Cultural Dimensions, the Measuring Rods of Cross-Cultural
Research
As I explained in my first article, the first major question
addressed by the GLOBE researchers was
which measurement standards to use so that they could be
precise about the similarities and
differences among numerous societal and organizational
cultures. After a thoroughgoing literature
review as well as two pilot studies, the team identified nine
"cultural dimensions" that would serve as
their units of measurement, or (in research language)
"independent variables."
Cultural dimensions have been around as long as the field of
intercultural research (i.e., since the early
1960s). They provide concepts and terminology that enable all
of us to become aware of, to measure,
and to talk knowledgeably about the values and practices found
in a human culture – and about the
similarities and differences among human cultures.
What exactly is a cultural dimension? It’s a concept that is
depicted graphically as a continuum. In
most cases, only the two ends of the continuum are named.
Here, graphically, is one of the cultural
dimensions actually used by the GLOBE research team.
Of course, the meaning of “assertive” must be precisely defined.
Also to be developed and pilot-
tested are ways of carefully measuring the degree to which
17. assertiveness is present or absent in an
individual or group. If we plan to compare the degrees of
assertiveness that are characteristic of
people in two or more geographical locations, we must also take
care that the meanings and
measurements we will use in all locations are equivalent. Once
we have done all that and have taken
our measurements, then, finally, we can talk knowledgeably
about the similarities and differences in
assertiveness (or whatever) across cultures.
Worldwide Differences in Business Values and Practices:
Overview of GLOBE Research Findings. GROVEWELL LLC. 2
At the beginning of the GLOBE Project in the early 1990s, the
research team inherited a large
number of cultural dimensions from previous research efforts.
The GLOBE team evaluated all of
this work and, levening it with their own pilot studies, decided
to use nine dimensions.
These nine cultural dimensions are the subject of this article. In
the book that I am overviewing in
this series of articles, the nine dimensions are dealt with in Part
IV, pages 235-720. Clearly, I’m only
providing you with a few highlights!
Values, Practices, and Leadership
As noted in my first article, a significant fact about GLOBE’s
nine cultural dimensions is that each
one was conceptualized in two ways: practices or "as is," and
18. values or "should be.” The 17,300
respondents were asked about values as well as their practices,
which led to some intriguing findings
because the values and practices scores rarely were similar.
The values score in most cases was noticeably different from
the practices score (often, but not
always, higher than the practices score). For example, business
people worldwide valued – desired –
more gender egalitarianism than they said they were
experiencing in practice.
A surprising finding emerged: A high value score was often
associated with a low practice score! As
the researchers note (p. 729), this is contrary to conventional
wisdom, which has been that people
behave in a certain way because they hold certain values in high
esteem. But consider this: If people in
practice possess a low degree of something perceived as good,
its absence may lead them to value it all
the more. But if people in practice have a high degree of
something perceived as good, the value they
put on it doesn’t need to be high. This is what the research
findings seem to suggest.
When it came to using data collected about the nine dimensions
to illuminate leader behavior
worldwide, the GLOBE researchers relied on the values data
alone. In other words, their investigations led
them to the conclusion that a society’s (or organization’s)
values, far more than its practices, were
strongly related to the six “culturally endorsed leadership
theory dimensions,” or “CLTs” (to review
the discussion of CLTs in my second article, click here). As the
researchers memorably state:
19. When individuals think about effective leader behaviors, they
are more influenced by the
value they place on the desired future than their perception of
current realities. Our
results, therefore, suggest that leaders are seen as the society’s
instruments for change.
They are seen as the embodiment of the ideal state of affairs
[pp. 275-6].
In general, cultural dimension values, not practices, are related
to CLT leadership
dimensions. Both values and leadership CLTs represent desired
end states; one [values]
reflects culture; the other [CLTs] leadership attributes [p. 45].
I will now overview each of the GLOBE Project's nine cultural
dimensions. I'll begin with the five
that emerged as keys to understanding leadership worldwide:
performance orientation, uncertainty
avoidance, in-group collectivism, power distance, and gender
egalitarianism.
As you read below, keep in mind that the global leader
behaviors, or CLTs, are also dimensions. When I
speak below of one of the nine cultural dimensions "being
strongly associated with" a certain global
leader behavior, I'm using a shorthand way of saying this: "A
high score on such-and-such cultural
dimension is strongly associated with a high degree of such-
and-such global leader behavior."
Worldwide Differences in Business Values and Practices:
20. Overview of GLOBE Research Findings. GROVEWELL LLC. 3
1. Performance Orientation
The cultural dimension named "performance orientation"
emerged from the research as exceptionally
important, so I will discuss it first. It “reflects the extent to
which a community encourages and
rewards innovation, high standards, excellence, and
performance improvement” [pp. 30, 239]. Here
are a just a few of the characteristics of societies that have high
and low performance orientation
[based on Table 12.1, p. 245].
HIGH PERFORMANCE ORIENTATION
societies have characteristics such as...
LOW PERFORMANCE ORIENTATION
societies have characteristics such as...
Value training and development.
Value competitiveness and materialism.
View formal feedback as necessary for
performance improvement.
Value what one does more than who one is.
Expect direct, explicit communication.
Value societal and family relationships.
Value harmony with the environment.
21. View formal feedback as judgmental and
discomfiting.
Value who one is more than what one does.
Expect indirect, subtle communication.
VALUES AND PRACTICES: Accounting for all 61 societies
(see Note 2 in my first article), the
average score for performance orientation practices (“as is”)
was 4.10 on the 1-to-7 scale, while the
average for performance orientation values (“should be”) was
substantially higher: 5.94. Across all
nine dimensions, no other 61-society value average was as high
as 5.94!
It’s worth noting as well that the lowest value score for any
society was 4.92, above the 4.00 midpoint.
As the researchers put it, “Respondents’ aspirations about how
much their societies should focus on
performance are far beyond their perceptions of the level of
their societies’ current practices” [p. 248].
For an overview of the performance orientation findings for the
U.S.A. only, see Note B.
APPLICATION TO LEADERSHIP: The GLOBE researchers
concluded that a society's level of
performance orientation strongly affects the degree to which
leaders and leadership are viewed as
effective. Outstanding leaders worldwide are associated with
strong emphasis on performance orientation. (This
association was not well recognized prior to this research.)
More precisely, a high value placed on performance orientation
was found to be strongly and
22. positively associated with the global leadership dimension, or
CLT, named Charismatic/Value-Based
leadership (for an explanation of this CLT, click here). Because
of the worldwide appeal of Charismatic/-
Value-Based leadership, its association with high performance
orientation is especially noteworthy. The authors
underscore this by saying…
A major finding was the large influence of the Performance
Orientation cultural dimension
as the most important predictor of the Charismatic/Value-Based
leadership dimension.
Societies and organizations that value excellence, superior
performance, performance
improvement, and innovation will likely seek leaders who
exemplify Charismatic/Value-
Based qualities, and such leaders are likely to be effective [p.
711].
A high value placed on performance orientation was also found
to be significantly and positively
associated with both Participative leadership (explanation here)
and Autonomous leadership
(explanation here).
Worldwide Differences in Business Values and Practices:
Overview of GLOBE Research Findings. GROVEWELL LLC. 4
Societies that highly value PERFORMANCE ORIENTATION
strongly associate the following global leader behaviors (CLTs)
with
23. outstanding leadership (Note A):
CHARISMATIC / VALUE-BASED
PARTICIPATIVE
AUTONOMOUS
The GLOBE researchers conclude that performance orientation
“relates to the extent to which
leaders set ambitious goals, communicate high expectations for
their subordinates, build their
subordinates’ self-confidence, and intellectually challenge
them” [p. 277]. And their concluding
remark is that people who value high performance “seem to look
to charismatic leaders who paint a
picture of an ambitious and enticing future, but leave it to the
people to build it” [p. 278].
2. Uncertainty Avoidance
The cultural dimension named "uncertainty avoidance" also
emerged from the research as very
important. It is "the extent to which a society, organization, or
group relies on social norms, rules,
and procedures to alleviate the unpredictability of future
events” [p. 30].
An alternative way of thinking about uncertainty avoidance is
that it’s about the extent to which
ambiguous situations are felt as threatening – i.e., about the
extent to which deliberate measures (such as
making and enforcing rules and procedures) are taken to reduce
ambiguity. Here are some characteristics
of societies that have high and low uncertainty avoidance
24. orientation [based on Table 19.1, p. 618].
HIGH UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE
societies have characteristics such as...
LOW UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE
societies have characteristics such as...
Use formality in interactions with others.
Are orderly and keep meticulous records.
Rely on formalized policies and procedures.
Take moderate, carefully calculated risks.
Show strong resistance to change.
Use informality in interactions with others.
Are less orderly and keep fewer records.
Rely on informal norms for most matters.
Are less calculating when taking risks.
Show only moderate resistance to change.
VALUES AND PRACTICES: Accounting for all 61 societies,
the average score for uncertainty
avoidance practices (“as is”) was 4.16 on the 1-to-7 scale, while
the average for uncertainty avoidance values
(“should be”) was a not-very-different 4.62. For U.S.-only
scores on uncertainty avoidance, see Note B.
25. APPLICATION TO LEADERSHIP: A high value placed on
uncertainty avoidance was strongly
and positively associated with the CLT named Team Oriented
leadership (for an explanation of this
CLT, click here). In other words, “the more the society and
organization values the reduction of
uncertainty, the more they report endorsing team-oriented
leadership” [p. 712]; this is a statistical
relationship that the researchers admit they didn’t really expect.
Because of the global appeal of Team
Oriented leadership, its association with high uncertainty
avoidance is noteworthy.
Uncertainty avoidance also showed a strong positive
relationship with both Humane Oriented
leadership (explanation here), and with Self-Protective
leadership (explanation here). As the authors
note, “being self-protective is one means to reduce uncertainty”
[p. 707].
Worldwide Differences in Business Values and Practices:
Overview of GLOBE Research Findings. GROVEWELL LLC. 5
Societies that highly value UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE
strongly
associate the following global leader behaviors (CLTs) with
outstanding leadership (Note A):
TEAM ORIENTED
HUMANE ORIENTED
26. SELF-PROTECTIVE
-
Societies that highly value UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE
strongly
negatively associate the following global leader behavior (CLT)
with
outstanding leadership (Note A):
PARTICIPATIVE
Uncertainty avoidance was found to have a strong negative
relationship with the CLT named
Participative leadership (explanation here). When one finds in
a society or organization a relatively
high value placed on uncertainty avoidance, one is very likely
to find among the same people a low
level of endorsement for Participative leadership.
3. In-Group Collectivism
The findings about "in-group collectivism" are important
because this cultural dimension emerges as a
strong predictor of the two most widely admired characteristics
of successful leaders. In-group
collectivism is “the degree to which individuals express pride,
loyalty, and cohesiveness in their
organizations or families” [p. 30]. Here are some of the
characteristics of societies that have high and
low in-group collectivism [based on Table 16.1, p. 454].
27. HIGH IN-GROUP COLLECTIVISM
societies have characteristics such as...
LOW IN-GROUP COLLECTIVISM
societies have characteristics such as...
Duties and obligations are important determinants
of social behavior.
A strong distinction is made between in-groups
and out-groups.
People emphasize relatedness with groups.
The pace of life is slower.
Love is assigned little weight in marriage.
Personal needs and attitudes are important
determinants of social behavior.
Little distinction is made between in-groups and
out-groups.
People emphasize rationality in behavior.
The pace of life is faster.
Love is assigned great weight in marriage.
VALUES AND PRACTICES: Accounting for all 61 societies,
the average score for in-group
collectivism practices (“as is”) was 5.13 on the 1-to-7 scale,
while the average for in-group collectivism
values (“should be”) was a similar 5.66. For the U.S.A. scores,
28. see Note B.
APPLICATION TO LEADERSHIP: A high value placed on in-
group collectivism was strongly
and positively associated with both global leadership
dimensions (CLTs) that emerged as widely
endorsed: Charismatic/Value-Based leadership (explanation
here) and Team Oriented leadership
Worldwide Differences in Business Values and Practices:
Overview of GLOBE Research Findings. GROVEWELL LLC. 6
(explanation here). Because of the exceptionally broad appeal of
Charismatic/Value-Based and Team Oriented
leadership, their associations with high in-group collectivism
are noteworthy.
Societies that highly value IN-GROUP COLLECTIVISM
strongly
associate the following global leader behaviors (CLTs) with
outstanding leadership (Note A):
CHARISMATIC / VALUE-BASED
TEAM ORIENTED
With respect to the strong positive association of in-group
collectivism and Team Oriented
leadership, the researchers write:
The results...were expected, given the conceptual overlap
29. between the two constructs;
collaborative team orientation would be expected in
organizations that value pride, loyalty,
and cohesiveness [p. 712].
4. Power Distance
The findings concerning "power distance" are interesting
primarily because they failed to confirm a
relationship expected by the researchers. But first, let’s define
power distance as “the extent to which a
community accepts and endorses authority, power differences,
and status privileges” [p. 513]. Here are
sample characteristics of societies that have high and low power
distance [based on Table 17.2, p. 536].
HIGH POWER DISTANCE societies have
characteristics such as...
LOW POWER DISTANCE societies have
characteristics such as...
Society is differentiated into classes.
Power seen as providing social order.
Upward social mobility is limited.
Resources available to only a few.
Information is localized and hoarded.
Society has a large middle class.
30. Power linked to corruption and coercion.
Upward social mobility is common.
Resources are available to almost all.
Information is widely shared.
VALUES AND PRACTICES: Accounting for all 61 societies,
the average score for power distance
practices (“as is”) was 5.17 on the 1-to-7 scale, while the
average for power distance values (“should be”)
was a hugely different 2.75! Clearly, middle managers
worldwide perceive themselves as working in a
situation in which there’s a substantial gap in status and power
between themselves and their
supervisors – but they wish they didn't. For the U.S.A. scores,
see Note B.
APPLICATION TO LEADERSHIP: The GLOBE Project team
expected that a high score on
the power distance dimension would be a reliable predictor of a
low score on the CLT named
Participative leadership (for an explanation of this CLT, click
here). To their surprise, this proved not
to be the case when they used one of their key statistical tests;
therefore, they do not report that this
predictive relationship exists. They note, however, that another
statistical test did show a negative
relationship between power distance and Participative
leadership.
31. Worldwide Differences in Business Values and Practices:
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Societies that highly value POWER DISTANCE strongly
associate
the following global leader behavior (CLT) with outstanding
leadership (Note A):
SELF-PROTECTIVE
Power distance did show a strong positive relationship with
Self-Protective leadership (explanation
here). The authors comment that “The high power distance
values and practices of Asian societies
are often associated with face-saving and status-consciousness,
both of which are elements of the
Self-Protective leadership dimension” [p. 707].
5. Gender Egalitarianism
The findings for "gender egalitarianism" also are significant
because it is one of the predictors of the
most widely admired characteristic of successful leaders.
Gender egalitarianism is “the degree to
which a collective minimizes gender inequality” [p. 30]. Here
are some of the characteristics of
societies that have high and low gender egalitarianism [based on
Table 14.2, p. 359].
HIGH GENDER EGALITARIANISM
societies have characteristics such as...
32. LOW GENDER EGALITARIANISM
societies have characteristics such as...
More women in positions of authority.
Less occupational sex segregation.
Similar levels of educational attainment for males
and females.
Afford women a greater decision-making role in
community affairs.
Fewer women in positions of authority.
More occupational sex segregation.
A lower level of female educational attainment,
compared to that of males.
Afford women little or no decision-making role in
community affairs.
VALUES AND PRACTICES: Accounting for all 61 societies,
the average score for gender
egalitarianism practices (“as is”) was 3.37 on the 1-to-7 scale,
while the average for gender egalitarianism
values (“should be”) was a noticeably higher 4.51. The
difference between the two scores is
encouraging, especially since 74.8% of the worldwide
respondent sample was male [p. 96]. For the
U.S.A. scores, see Note B.
APPLICATION TO LEADERSHIP: A high value placed on
33. gender egalitarianism was strongly
and positively associated with the most widely endorsed global
leadership dimension, Charismatic /
Value-Based leadership (explanation here), which is important
to keep in mind. Not surprisingly,
perhaps, gender egalitarianism was also associated with
Participative leadership (explanation here).
Societies that highly value GENDER EGALITARIANISM
strongly
associate the following global leader behaviors (CLTs) with
outstanding leadership (Note A):
CHARISMATIC / VALUE-BASED
PARTICIPATIVE
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6. Humane Orientation
"Humane orientation" is defined as “the degree to which an
organization or society encourages and
rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, friendly, generous,
caring, and kind to others" [p. 569].
Characteristics of societies that have high and low humane
orientation include the following [based on
Table 18.1, p. 570].
34. HIGH HUMANE ORIENTATION societies
have characteristics such as...
LOW HUMANE ORIENTATION societies
have characteristics such as...
The interests of others are important.
People are motivated primarily by a need for
belonging and affiliation.
Members of society are responsible for promoting
the well-being of others.
Child labor is limited by public sanctions.
People are urged to be sensitive to all forms of
racial discrimination.
One's own self-interest is important.
People are motivated primarily by a need for
power and material possessions.
The state provides social and economic support
for individuals' well-being.
Child labor is an issue of low importance.
People are not sensitive to all forms of racial
discrimination.
VALUES AND PRACTICES: Accounting for all 61 societies,
the average score for humane
35. orientation practices (“as is”) was a middle-of-the-scale 4.09.
Not surprisingly, the average for humane
orientation values (“should be”) was a much higher 5.42. For
the U.S.A. scores, see Note B.
APPLICATION TO LEADERSHIP: A high value placed on the
humane orientation cultural
dimension was strongly and positively associated with the
global leadership dimension of the same
name (explanation here).
Societies that highly value HUMANE ORIENTATION strongly
associate the following global leader behavior (CLT) with
outstanding leadership (Note A):
HUMANE ORIENTED
7. Institutional Collectivism
"Institutional collectivism" is defined as “the degree to which
organizational and societal institutional
practices encourage and reward collective distribution of
resources and collective action” [p. 30].
Here are some of the characteristics of societies that have high
and low institutional collectivism
[based on Table 16.2, p. 459].
36. Worldwide Differences in Business Values and Practices:
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HIGH INSTITUTIONAL COLLECTIVISM
societies have these characteristics...
LOW INSTITUTIONAL COLLECTIVISM
societies have these characteristics...
Members assume that they are highly
interdependent with the organization.
Group loyalty is encouraged, even if this
undermines the pursuit of individual goals.
The society's economic system tends to maximize
the interests of collectives.
Rewards are driven by seniority, personal needs,
and/or within-group equity.
Critical decisions are made by groups.
Members assume that they are largely
independent of the organization.
Pursuit of individual goals is encouraged, even at
the expense of group loyalty.
The society's economic system tends to maximize
the interests of individuals.
Rewards are driven very largely by an individuals
37. contribution to task success.
Critical decisions are made by individuals.
VALUES AND PRACTICES: Accounting for all 61 societies,
the average score for institutional
collectivism practices (“as is”) was 4.25, while the average for
institutional collectivism values (“should
be”) was a similar 4.73. For the U.S.A. scores, see Note B.
APPLICATION TO LEADERSHIP: A high value placed on
institutional collectivism was
strongly but negatively associated with the global leadership
dimension (CLT) named Autonomous
leadership (explanation here). It is perhaps intuitively
understandable that leader behaviors described
as "autonomous" would rarely be experienced as contributing to
outstanding leadership within groups
with high institutional collectivism scores.
Societies that highly value INSTITUTIONAL COLLECTIVISM
strongly negatively associate the following global leader
behavior
(CLT) with outstanding leadership (Note A):
AUTONOMOUS
8. Future Orientation
38. "Future orientation" is “the degree to which a collectivity
encourages and rewards future-oriented
behaviors such as planning and delaying gratification” [p. 282].
Here are some of the characteristics
of societies that have high and low future orientation [based on
Table 13.1, p. 302].
Worldwide Differences in Business Values and Practices:
Overview of GLOBE Research Findings. GROVEWELL LLC.
10
HIGH FUTURE ORIENTATION societies
have characteristics such as...
LOW FUTURE ORIENTATION societies
have characteristics such as...
Propensity to save now for the future.
Emphasize working for long-term success.
Organizations tend to be flexible and adaptive.
View material success and spiritual fulfillment as
an integrated whole.
Propensity to spend now, rather than save.
Prefer gratification as soon as possible.
Organizations tend to be inflexible, maladaptive.
39. View material success and spiritual fulfillment as
separate, requiring trade-offs.
VALUES AND PRACTICES: Accounting for all 61 societies,
the average score for future
orientation practices (“as is”) was 3.85 on the 1-to-7 scale,
while the average for future orientation values
(“should be”) was a much higher 5.49. For the U.S.A. scores,
see Note B.
APPLICATION TO LEADERSHIP: A high value placed on
future orientation was not strongly
associated with any global leadership dimension (CLT).
Societies that highly value FUTURE ORIENTATION do not
strongly associate it with any global leader behavior (CLT).
See Note A
9. Assertiveness
"Assertiveness" is “the degree to which individuals are
assertive, confrontational, and aggressive in
their relationships with others” [p. 30]. Here are some of the
characteristics of societies that have
high and low assertiveness [based on Table 15.1, p. 405].
HIGH ASSERTIVENESS societies have
characteristics such as...
40. LOW ASSERTIVENESS societies have
characteristics such as...
Value competition, success, and progress.
Communicate directly and unambiguously.
Try to have control over the environment.
Expect subordinates to take initiative.
Build trust on basis of calculation.
Value cooperation and warm relationships.
Communicate indirectly; try to "save face."
Try to be in harmony with the environment.
Expect subordinates to be loyal.
Build trust on basis of predictability.
VALUES AND PRACTICES: Accounting for all 61 societies,
the average score for assertiveness
practices (“as is”) was 4.14 on the 1-to-7 scale, while the
average for assertiveness values (“should be”)
was a slightly lower 3.82. For the U.S.A. scores, see Note B.
APPLICATION TO LEADERSHIP: A high value placed on
assertiveness was not strongly
associated with any global leadership dimension (CLT).
41. Worldwide Differences in Business Values and Practices:
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Societies that highly value ASSERTIVENESS do not strongly
associate it with any global leader behavior (CLT).
See Note A
* * * * *
NOTE A: Only the most statistically significant associations
are reported in my tables of this type.
These are the highly significant associations indicated by the
book's authors by means of the bold-
faced type within Figures 21.11-16 [pp. 702-8].
In the case of all nine cultural dimensions, there are other
associations that are statistically significant,
although less so. Because this is a short overview article, I
have decided not to discuss these less
significant associations.
The "book" or "research report" referred to above and elsewhere
is: Robert J. House et al., Culture,
Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 …