The document discusses the six levels of language study:
1. Phonetics is the study of sounds and phonemes that make up words.
2. Phonology focuses on how phonemes are structured in a language.
3. Morphology examines how phonemes combine to form words.
4. Syntax analyzes how words are arranged into sentences.
5. Semantics connects words and phrases to their meanings.
6. Pragmatics studies how words and phrases function in different contexts. Understanding these six levels provides insight into how language works from sounds to meaning.
The work of speech organs necessary for making speech sounds is called articulation. According to
The specific character of articulation, especially according to the presence or absence of the obstruction speech sounds are divided into vowels and consonants. The most substantial difference between vowels and consonants is that in the articulation of vowels the air passes freely through the mouth cavity, while in making consonants an obstruction is formed in the mouth cavity or in the pharynx and the flow of the air meets a narrowing or complete obstruction. Vowels have no fixed place of articulation, the whole of the speaking apparatus takes part in their formation, while the articulation of consonants can be localized, and an obstruction or a narrowing for each consonant is formed at a definite place of the speaking apparatus. In producing vowels all the organs of speech are tense, while in making consonants, the organs of speech are tense only in the place of obstruction. Voice prevails in vowels while in most consonants noise prevails over voice. Vowels are syllable forming sounds while consonants are not, as a rule.
The work of speech organs necessary for making speech sounds is called articulation. According to
The specific character of articulation, especially according to the presence or absence of the obstruction speech sounds are divided into vowels and consonants. The most substantial difference between vowels and consonants is that in the articulation of vowels the air passes freely through the mouth cavity, while in making consonants an obstruction is formed in the mouth cavity or in the pharynx and the flow of the air meets a narrowing or complete obstruction. Vowels have no fixed place of articulation, the whole of the speaking apparatus takes part in their formation, while the articulation of consonants can be localized, and an obstruction or a narrowing for each consonant is formed at a definite place of the speaking apparatus. In producing vowels all the organs of speech are tense, while in making consonants, the organs of speech are tense only in the place of obstruction. Voice prevails in vowels while in most consonants noise prevails over voice. Vowels are syllable forming sounds while consonants are not, as a rule.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
1. RUNNING HEAD:ENG 403 ADVANCED STYLE AND REGISTER IN ENGLISH 1
CAT I
By
Okello Wilberforce Esonga
21/02258
Submitted to:
Dr: Janet Achieng Onyango
Course
Advanced Style and Register in English (ENG 403)
KCA University
Program: Bachelor of Education (Arts)-DL
Program Code: KCABEDUORD
Date: 21/02/2023
2. RUNNING HEAD:ENG 403 ADVANCED STYLE AND REGISTER IN ENGLISH 2
Using examples describe the different levels of language study. (15 Marks)
Aspects of language are often referred to as ‘language levels’. To look carefully at
language to see how it works. There are various different aspects of language structure which
need separate consideration. These are often referred to by linguists as the different levels of
language. If we just think of a single sentence for the moment, we would need at least the
following levels: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics.
The study of language has six distinct stages. They go into detail about everything from
the sounds we make to construct language to the circumstances in which utterances occur.
Phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics cover the spectrum from
the most specific to the most general aspects of language.
Phonetics is the study of the building blocks of language, the sounds that make up words
(phonemes), and the processes by which we articulate those Due to the fact that we construct
words using these phonemes, this is the first and most fundamental level of analysis. The
International Phonetic Alphabet was developed to help phoneticians analyze the fundamentals of
speech in a variety of languages without being hindered by differences in how individual
languages represented phonemes. The physiological processes that lead to articulated speech are
also discussed in the field of phonetics.
The study of phonology focuses on deciphering how a language or dialect's phonemes are
structured. It investigates the norms by which a language establishes the pronunciation of its
words. With an understanding of phonology, we can see why a Spanish-speaking learner of
English might pronounce "street" and "stop" as "eh-street" and "eh-stop," respectively.
Morphology studies how these phonetic building blocks combine to form words. This
area of study can shed light on our eerie ability to comprehend previously unheard words. The
Simpsons' "embiggens" is a fantastic example of this. Despite being a made-up word for the
3. RUNNING HEAD:ENG 403 ADVANCED STYLE AND REGISTER IN ENGLISH 3
show, the morphemes (em + big + ens) are common to English speakers and work in ways
similar to many other English words. These characteristics are familiar to us individually, so
their combination into this fabricated noun is not too difficult to decipher.
The study of syntax is analogous to that of morphology, except that it focuses on how
words and phrases are put together in sentences. In this area, researchers examine the processes
by which human speakers arrange words into meaningful sentences. Syntax explains why "I have
to go to the bathroom" and "the bathroom I have to go to" have distinct meanings despite
containing the same words.
The semantic level marks the outward expansion of these ideas. Word meanings are the
focus of this type of analysis. It connects what we say with the real world. To grasp the meaning
of a word or phrase, one must be able to identify the concept or idea to which it refers. The study
of semantics investigates the potential for confusion resulting from the multiple references to
which a single word may be referring.
Pragmatics is very similar to semantics; the main difference is that it focuses on the study
of words, phrases, and utterances in their natural contexts rather than in isolation. For instance,
the phrase "I'm going to drop off the keys" seems to have a very specific meaning even when
removed from its surrounding context. But picture a scenario in which this was said over the
phone during a transaction involving the sale of a black market service. Keys could mean money
or the illegal good being exchanged if both parties are aware of the transaction but wish to
conceal it with coded language. Pragmatics examines how words and phrases function in their
context and the purposes of each utterance.
Applying these linguistic analysis stages to other fields can yield interesting results.
Communication is the bedrock of any successful society. Without the ability to speak and
4. RUNNING HEAD:ENG 403 ADVANCED STYLE AND REGISTER IN ENGLISH 4
understand one another, our daily interactions would be severely limited. Understanding the
world around you requires first mastering this fundamental aspect of our existence.