Steroids and isoprenoid

1. KIU UNIVERSITY
SUBMITTED BY ZOHA AYUB
SUBMITTED TO MAM ANILAH
ASSIGNMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
ROLL NUMBER ;3809

2. ASSIGNMENT # 01
STEROLS AND
ISOPRENOIDS

3. STEROLS
Sterols are organic compounds with the formula of C17H28O
Sterols are subgroup of steroids with a hydroxyl group on 3 –
Position of A-ring they are amphipathic lipids synthesized from
Acetyl-coenzyme A via the HMGCoA reductase pathway the over all
Molecules are quite flat the hydroxyl group on A ring is polar

4. LOCATION OF STEROLS
A part form cholesterols many non-cholesterol sterols can be found
In human plasma and these sterols serves many important
functions
In human body they are either derived from endogenous
,biosynthesis
Of cholesterols or they come directly sources (photosterols)

5. STRUCTURE OF STROLS
The naturally occurring sterols are comprised of
hydrocarbons
Tetrameric fused ring structure and acquire a
small degree of polarity
From 3 –hydroxyl in the beta configuration.
Alfa –hydroxyl sterols
Are not found in natural membrane

6. TYPE OF STEROLS
There are 3 type of sterols
Sterols occur in the membrane of plant animals and microorganism
And are termed as phytosterols ,zoosterol's and mycosterols
respectively

7. FUNCTIONS OF STEROLS
STEROLS are isoprenoid –derived lipids with
essential role in cell structure function and physiology
. As important components biological membrane
,sterols interact with phospholipids and protein within
the membrane thereby regulating membrane fluidity
permeability and membrane protein functions they
also play vital role in cellular sorting ,cytoskeleton re
organization asymmetric growth.
Plant sterols are also similar to cholesterols buts made
in plants . They are highly found in vegetables oils
nuts and seeds its helps to reduced cholesterols level
by limiting amounts of cholesterols that’s able enter
the body .

8. ISOPRENOIDS
Isoprenoids are any class of organic compounds composed of
two or than two units of hydrocarbons with each unit
consisting of five carbon atom arranged in a specific pattern
the example of isoprenoids are Menthol ,ginkolides, steviol
,camphor, curcuminoids, and even natural rubber
LOCATION
Isoprenoids are branched –chain unsaturated hydrocarbon
found animals plants and microalgae and are conceder as
good transportation fuel these are highly octane number
and are not suffer premature ignition in combustion
engines

9. FUNCTIONS OF ISOPRENOIDS
Its play a vital role in metabolic processes in animals. tetra terpene carotenoid pigments
are the source of vitamins A which is essential for vision and is involved growth
,reproductions , functions ,neural development in animals
Other vitamins that are wholly and partly isoprenoids include vitamins E ,important in
reproduction ,vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting the ubiquinone's (coenzyme)
which are involved in the derivation of energy by oxidation of food ,are also formed
isoprenoids .its Quinone's function mainly as electron and proton carriers in
photosynthetic and respiratory electrons transport chain and also do oxidations functions
COMMERTIAL USE
Of the uses that humans founds for isoprenoids ,many were established in antiquity as
ingredients of perfumes and incense , flavorings and spices ,and varnishing and
medicinal . Amber ,a fossilized isoprenoids resins has been prized as a gemstone since
prehistoric time

10. FORMATIONS OF ISOPRENOIDS
In the biolosynthesis of isoprenoids all carbon skeleton are
synthesized from linear isoprenoids at the seconds phase in
isoprenoids biosynthetic pathway
Isoprenoid precursors DMAPP and IPP are naturally produced in
cell through one of two pathway
The mevalonate (MVA)pathway involve in seven reactions to
produce IIP from acetyl –CoA . DMAPP is then produced through
the isomerization of IPP by the enzyme isopentenyl –
pyrophosphate delta isomer (IDI)
plastid –derived isoprenoids however including the side chain of
chlorophyll and plastoquinones as well as monoterpenes and
diterpenes are synthesized in plasmids by the DXP path way

11. THANK YOU