These slides are about rainforest biome and characteristics. It starts with the definition of rainforest, characteristics of tropical rainforest, the important roles, and functions of trees and rainforest, how do tropical forest affect climate and global climate and lastly the impact of climate change on tropical rainforest.

1. TROPICAL PLANT ECOLOGY
BBT 308
LECTURER : DR NURUL SALMI
GROUP MEMBERS:
1.FATIN FARHANA BT MD DESA (129939)
2.SITI RAUDHAH BT MOHAMAD SHA’ARI (130000)
3.SITI NURBALQHIS BT YAHAYA (129999)
4.NUR ELYSA SOFIA BT ZAINUDIN (129967)
5.MOHAMMAD FARHAN B. RASHID (129953)
6.FATIN SHAZWANI BT RASHID (129940)

2. DEFINITION OF
RAINFOREST
BIOME

4. Location
• Near the equator
• Central Africa, South East Asia
Weather
• Warmth and same temperature of above 20 C
Season
• Rainy and wet
Animals
• Millions species of birds
• Hundreds type of tigers, snakes and other species
Plants
• Most are trees
• Several are mosses shrubs , vines and ferns

5. CHARACTERISTICS
OF TROPICAL
RAINFOREST

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL
RAINFOREST
Tropical rainforest covers just 6% of the world
-Tropical rainforest is the most extravagant
garden
-Straddle in 3 major region:
a) Southeast Asia
b) West Africa
c) South America
- Location: 10 ◦ of latitude north or south of
equator
- Tree average is about 40m
- Some can reach 60-80m tall
- Compose largely endemic species

7. CLIMATE
The condition are wet and warm
Temperature: -vary little form month to month.
-often change as much as in a day as
they do over entire day.
-average temperature: 25◦-27◦
Annual rainfall- ranges from about 2,000-4,000mm.
- If rainforest less than 100mm of
rain
is considered as dry
- Malaysia : 2500mm a year

8. SOIL
• Heavy rain leach the nutrient from rainforest soil.
• Rapid decomposition in warm,moist rainfall climate.
• Nutrient poor, acidic soil and thin organic matter.
• Nutrient tied up in the living cells more than in the soil.

9. Tropical rainforest
Diversity & life
form
Dipterocarppaceae
epiphytes
climbers
stranglers
Terrestrial herbaceous
plant
Terrestrial orchid

10. IMPORTANT
ROLE AND
FUNCTIONS OF
TREES AND
FOREST

11. IMPORTANT ROLE AND FUNCTIONS
OF TREES AND FOREST
provides oxygen to
every aerobic
organism
shelters for
animals
nourishment for
herbivorous
animals
holds soils to prevent
erosion and
nutrient leeching due
to heavy rains

12. IMPORTANT ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF TREES
AND FOREST
• FOREST: helps the environment with climate amelioration, conserver
of soil and water
• FOREST: climate control by reducing the effects of sun, rain, and
wind, by lowering air temperature (through absorbing CO2) and the
intense heat from greenhouse effect

13. IMPORTANT ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF TREES
AND FOREST
• FOREST: provides excellent compose through shedding of leaves
• FOREST: important windbreaker for wind-sensitive crops (shrubs,
small plants)
• FOREST: creates a peaceful, aesthetically pleasing environment for
humans

14. IMPORTANT ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF TREES
AND FOREST
• FOREST: (economy) provides edible products for humans
• FOREST: earliest signs of seasonal transition

15. How Do Tropical
Forest Affect
Climate And
Global Climate

16. How Do Tropical Forest Affect
Climate And Global Climate ?

17. WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE ?
• Regional change in
temperature and
weather pattern .
• Not just only
nationwide issue but
a global issue.

18. CLIMATE CHANGE
• Defined as the "average weather" in a place.
• long-term pattern of weather in a particular area
• Includes patterns of temperature, precipitation (rain or snow),
humidity, wind and seasons.
• Climate patterns play a fundamental role in shaping natural
ecosystems, and the human economies and cultures that depend
on them.
• Rapidly changing with disruptive impacts, and that change is
progressing faster than any seen in the last 2,000 years.

19. • Deforestation
 Contributes to carbon emissons. cutting down trees will affect the
carbon they lock up.
 Large forest fires have the effect of further reducing rainfall, leaving
burned areas more prone to dryness and contributes to
desertification.
 also cause longer dry seasons and delays to the start of the rainy
season
 loss of forest vegetative cover means less heat absorption,
translating to less moisture being taken up into the atmosphere.

21. How do climate change affect tropical forests
• Higher temperature
• Increased carbon dioxide
• Changes in ecosystem
• Vulnerable to disease and insects

22. Higher temperature
• With decrease in rainfall, conditions in tropical forest will change.
Most plant life in tropical rainforest need tropical environment to
survive.
• Cloud base will rise in altitude, less cloud stripping in tropical forest
• The plant will be threatened by the drought
• Forest fires will be more frequent

23. Increased carbon dioxide
• Trees take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, with the
unfavourable condition the trees will be threatened and eventually
will die.
• Tropical forest ability to soak up carbon dioxide is falling, so the
carbon dioxide at the atmosphere increased

24. Changes in ecosystem
• species became non-viable because their potential distributions had
changed drastically
• but there was little change in the realized distributions of most
species
• Alter competitive interactions among species or population
• May lead to new plant associations

25. Vulnerable to insects and disease
• Diseases caused by infectious pathogens
• Changes in temperature and precipitation affect herbivore and
pathogen survival, reproduction, dispersal, and distribution
• Changing climate conditions influence the spread of infectious
diseases and their carriers, making them more susceptible to
diseases