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Assignment 2: Ethical (Moral) Relativism In America, many are comfortable describing ethics as follows: “Well, what’s right for me is right for me and what’s right for you is right for you. Let’s just agree to disagree.” This is an affirmation of what philosophers call individual or subjective moral relativism . In this understanding of relativism, morality is a matter of individual feelings and personal preference. In individual moral relativism, the determination of what is right and wrong in a situation varies according to the individual. Moral relativists do not believe in natural law or universal truths. Cultural moral relativism puts culture at the forefront of relative ethical decision-making. It says the individual must include the precepts of his or her culture as a prominent part of the relativistic moral action. Lawrence Kohlberg, a prominent psychologist known for recognizing moral stages of development, takes it a step farther saying cultural relativists are persons stuck in the “ Conventional Stage” of ethical development . In your paper, please define individual moral relativism and cultural moral relativism in detail, noting how they differ from each other, their strengths and weaknesses, and give your position on Kohlberg’s stance on ethical relativism. What aspects of ethical relativism do you identify and agree with? What aspects do you disagree with? Give a personal example that illustrates your stance on ethical relativism, describing how you made a moral decision in an ethical dilemma. Include at least two references to support your thoughts. Post a 500-word paper to the M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox by due Wednesday, February 11, 2015 . All written assignments and responses should follow proper citation rules for attributing sources. Please use Microsoft Word spelling/grammar checker. Be mindful of plagiarism policies. Assignment 2 Grading Criteria Maximum Points Significant critical analysis of individual ethical relativism, cultural ethical relativism, and Kohlberg’s position; including definitions, strengths, and weaknesses. 36 Described personal ethical stances on each form of relativism in relation to own personal ethical system, including whether and how personal ethical system is compatible or incompatible with relativism. 24 Used a personal example to illustrate and support stance on ethical relativism in relation to own ethical system. 16 Justified ideas and responses by using appropriate scholarly examples and at least two references from texts, Web sites, and other references. 4 Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. 20 Total: 100 .
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Assignment 2 Ethical (Moral) RelativismIn America, many are comfo.docx
Assignment 2: Ethical (Moral) Relativism
In America, many are comfortable describing ethics as follows: “Well, what’s right for me is right for me and what’s right for you is right for you. Let’s just agree to disagree.” This is an affirmation of what philosophers call
individual
or
subjective moral relativism
. In this understanding of relativism, morality is a matter of individual feelings and personal preference. In individual moral relativism, the determination of what is right and wrong in a situation varies according to the individual. Moral relativists do not believe in natural law or universal truths.
Cultural moral relativism
puts culture at the forefront of relative ethical decision-making. It says the individual must include the precepts of his or her culture as a prominent part of the relativistic moral action.
Lawrence
Kohlberg,
a prominent psychologist known for recognizing moral stages of development, takes it a step farther saying cultural relativists are persons stuck in the “
Conventional
Stage” of ethical development
.
In your paper, please define individual moral relativism and cultural moral relativism in detail, noting how they differ from each other, their strengths and weaknesses, and give your position on Kohlberg’s stance on ethical relativism.
What aspects of ethical relativism do you identify and agree with? What aspects do you disagree with? Give a personal example that illustrates your stance on ethical relativism, describing how you made a moral decision in an ethical dilemma. Include at least two references to support your thoughts.
Post a 500-word paper to the
M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by due
Wednesday, July 9, 2014
. All written assignments and responses should follow proper citation rules for attributing sources. Please use Microsoft Word spelling/grammar checker. Be mindful of plagiarism policies.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Significant critical analysis of individual ethical relativism, cultural ethical relativism, and Kohlberg’s position; including definitions, strengths, and weaknesses.
36
Described personal ethical stances on each form of relativism in relation to own personal ethical system, including whether and how personal ethical system is compatible or incompatible with relativism.
24
Used a personal example to illustrate and support stance on ethical relativism in relation to own ethical system.
16
Justified ideas and responses by using appropriate scholarly examples and at least two references from texts, Web sites, and other references.
4
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
Assignment 2 Ethical (Moral) RelativismIn America, many are c.docx
Assignment 2: Ethical (Moral) Relativism
In America, many are comfortable describing ethics as follows: “Well, what’s right for me is right for me and what’s right for you is right for you. Let’s just agree to disagree.” This is an affirmation of what philosophers call
individual
or
subjective moral relativism
. In this understanding of relativism, morality is a matter of individual feelings and personal preference. In individual moral relativism, the determination of what is right and wrong in a situation varies according to the individual. Moral relativists do not believe in natural law or universal truths.
Cultural moral relativism
puts culture at the forefront of relative ethical decision-making. It says the individual must include the precepts of his or her culture as a prominent part of the relativistic moral action.
Lawrence
Kohlberg,
a prominent psychologist known for recognizing moral stages of development, takes it a step farther saying cultural relativists are persons stuck in the “
Conventional Stage” of ethical development
.
In your paper, please define individual moral relativism and cultural moral relativism in detail, noting how they differ from each other, their strengths and weaknesses, and give your position on Kohlberg’s stance on ethical relativism.
What aspects of ethical relativism do you identify and agree with? What aspects do you disagree with? Give a personal example that illustrates your stance on ethical relativism, describing how you made a moral decision in an ethical dilemma. Include at least two references to support your thoughts.
Post a 500-word paper to the
M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by due
Wednesday, October 5, 2016
. All written assignments and responses should follow proper citation rules for attributing sources. Please use Microsoft Word spelling/grammar checker. Be mindful of plagiarism policies.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Significant critical analysis of individual ethical relativism, cultural ethical relativism, and Kohlberg’s position; including definitions, strengths, and weaknesses.
36
Described personal ethical stances on each form of relativism in relation to own personal ethical system, including whether and how personal ethical system is compatible or incompatible with relativism.
24
Used a personal example to illustrate and support stance on ethical relativism in relation to own ethical system.
16
Justified ideas and responses by using appropriate scholarly examples and at least two references from texts, Web sites, and other references.
4
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spellinggrammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
For Kim Woods OnlyAssignment 2 Ethical (Moral) Relati.docx
*****For Kim Woods Only******
Assignment 2: Ethical (Moral) Relativism
In America, many are comfortable describing ethics as follows: “Well, what’s right for me is right for me and what’s right for you is right for you. Let’s just agree to disagree.” This is an affirmation of what philosophers call individual or subjective moral relativism. In this understanding of relativism, morality is a matter of individual feelings and personal preference. In individual moral relativism, the determination of what is right and wrong in a situation varies according to the individual. Moral relativists do not believe in natural law or universal truths.
Cultural moral relativism puts culture at the forefront of relative ethical decision-making. It says the individual must include the precepts of his or her culture as a prominent part of the relativistic moral action.
Lawrence Kohlberg, a prominent psychologist known for recognizing moral stages of development, takes it a step farther saying cultural relativists are persons stuck in the “Conventional Stage” of ethical development.
In your paper, please define individual moral relativism and cultural moral relativism in detail, noting how they differ from each other, their strengths and weaknesses, and give your position on Kohlberg’s stance on ethical relativism.
What aspects of ethical relativism do you identify and agree with? What aspects do you disagree with? Give a personal example that illustrates your stance on ethical relativism, describing how you made a moral decision in an ethical dilemma. Include at least two references to support your thoughts.
Post a 500-word paper to the M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox by due Week 4, Day 7. All written assignments and responses should follow proper citation rules for attributing sources. Please use Microsoft Word spelling/grammar checker. Be mindful of plagiarism policies.
.
Ethical (Moral) RelativismIn America, many are comfortable describ.docx
Ethical (Moral) Relativism
In America, many are comfortable describing ethics as follows: “Well, what’s right for me is right for me and what’s right for you is right for you. Let’s just agree to disagree.” This is an affirmation of what philosophers call
individual
or
subjective moral relativism
. In this understanding of relativism, morality is a matter of individual feelings and personal preference. In individual moral relativism, the determination of what is right and wrong in a situation varies according to the individual. Moral relativists do not believe in natural law or universal truths.
Cultural moral relativism
puts culture at the forefront of relative ethical decision-making. It says the individual must include the precepts of his or her culture as a prominent part of the relativistic moral action.
Lawrence
Kohlberg,
a prominent psychologist known for recognizing moral stages of development, takes it a step farther saying cultural relativists are persons stuck in the “
Conventional
Stage” of ethical development
.
In your paper, please define individual moral relativism and cultural moral relativism in detail, noting how they differ from each other, their strengths and weaknesses, and give your position on Kohlberg’s stance on ethical relativism.
What aspects of ethical relativism do you identify and agree with? What aspects do you disagree with? Give a personal example that illustrates your stance on ethical relativism, describing how you made a moral decision in an ethical dilemma. Include at least two references to support your thoughts.
Post a 500-word paper to the
M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by due
Wednesday, April 9, 2014
. All written assignments and responses should follow proper citation rules for attributing sources. Please use Microsoft Word spelling/grammar checker. Be mindful of plagiarism policies.
.
Ethical (Moral) RelativismIn America, many are comfortable desc.docx
Ethical (Moral) Relativism
In America, many are comfortable describing ethics as follows: “Well, what’s right for me is right for me and what’s right for you is right for you. Let’s just agree to disagree.” This is an affirmation of what philosophers call
individual
or
subjective moral relativism
. In this understanding of relativism, morality is a matter of individual feelings and personal preference. In individual moral relativism, the determination of what is right and wrong in a situation varies according to the individual. Moral relativists do not believe in natural law or universal truths.
Cultural moral relativism
puts culture at the forefront of relative ethical decision-making. It says the individual must include the precepts of his or her culture as a prominent part of the relativistic moral action.
Lawrence
Kohlberg,
a prominent psychologist known for recognizing moral stages of development, takes it a step farther saying cultural relativists are persons stuck in the “
Conventional
Stage” of ethical development
.
In your paper, please define individual moral relativism and cultural moral relativism in detail, noting how they differ from each other, their strengths and weaknesses, and give your position on Kohlberg’s stance on ethical relativism.
What aspects of ethical relativism do you identify and agree with? What aspects do you disagree with? Give a personal example that illustrates your stance on ethical relativism, describing how you made a moral decision in an ethical dilemma. Include at least two references to support your thoughts
.
2 Skepticism About EthicsBet_NoireiStockThinkstockLe.docx
2 Skepticism About Ethics
Bet_Noire/iStock/Thinkstock
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
• Explain what it means to be a moral skeptic.
• Explain the notion of moral relativism and how it differs from moral objectivity.
• Discuss challenges to relativism.
• Explain the notion of egoism and how it differs from the notion that moral standards are unconditional.
• Discuss Glaukon’s challenge from Plato’s Republic and identify the main claims made in the story.
© 2018 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
38
Section 2.1 Introduction to Skepticism
2.1 Introduction to Skepticism
In contemporary usage, skepticism means a doubt that a belief or claim is true. We often use
this word to refer to general doubts about all claims of a particular sort. For example, a reli-
gious skeptic might have doubts about claims pertaining to the existence of God, the possibil-
ity of knowing anything about God, and so on. A global warming skeptic might doubt claims
that human activity is the main cause of average global temperature rise, or a 9/11 “truther”
might be skeptical about claims that the terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington,
D.C., were exclusively the doings of al-Qaida (as opposed to being supported by the U.S. gov-
ernment). Likewise, many people regard the claims of politicians, salespersons, and media
personalities with doubt and suspicion.
Similarly, a moral skeptic—in the way we will be using this term here—will doubt common
beliefs about morality itself. It is important to note that we are not referring to people who
doubt specific moral claims, such as the claim that eating animals is wrong or that abortion is
morally justified. Nor are we referring to those who doubt the truth of certain general moral
theories or principles, such as utilitarianism or deontology. If we recall the discussion of the
landscape of moral philosophy from Chapter 1, claims about concrete moral problems like
eating animals or abortion fall under applied ethics, while claims about the general rules,
principles, and values that should inform our judgments and choices fall under normative
ethics. The kind of skepticism we are discussing in this chapter involves the more basic kinds
of claims that fall under the scope of metaethics.
Specifically, we will consider the reasons one might hold doubts about two commonly assumed
features of morality itself:
1. Moral standards are objective.
2. Moral standards are unconditional.
The forms of moral skepticism we will consider in this chapter raise doubts about those two
features.
1. Relativism doubts whether moral standards are objective, instead maintaining that
they are only true or false relative to a culture or individual.
2. Egoism doubts whether moral standards are unconditional, instead maintaining that
they are only good if they serve an individual’s self-interest, which in turn implies
that it ma ...
Chapter 2Subjectivism, Relativism, and EmotivismCopy
Chapter 2
Subjectivism, Relativism, and
Emotivism
Copyright © 2019 W. W. Norton & Company
Four Perspectives on Moral Judgments
• Objectivism
• Cultural relativism
• Subjective relativism
• Emotivism
Objectivism – 1
Objectivism: The theory that moral truths exist and that they do
so independently of what individuals or societies think of them.
(This is not the same as absolutism, which does not acknowledge
that objective principles may allow for exceptions, depending on
circumstances.)
Objectivism – 2
Implications:
• Moral disagreements can be resolved using reasoning.
• Moral judgments and actions can be evaluated according to
universal standards.
Subjective Relativism – 1
Subjective relativism: the view that an action is right if one
approves of it
Subjective Relativism – 2
Implications:
• Everyone is morally infallible.
• Genuine moral disagreement between individuals is nearly
impossible.
• Moral judgments are a matter of preference (“taste”).
Cultural Relativism – 1
Cultural relativism: the view that an action is right if one’s
culture approves of it
(Moral rightness and wrongness are relative to cultures.)
Stace’s Argument for Cultural Relativism – 1
1. People’s judgments about right and wrong differ from
culture to culture.
2. If people’s judgments about right and wrong differ from
culture to culture, then right and wrong are relative to
culture, and there are no objective moral principles.
3. Therefore, right and wrong are relative to culture, and there
are no objective moral principles.
Stace’s Argument for Cultural Relativism – 2
Implications:
• Cultures are morally infallible.
• Cultural values cannot be criticized from outside the culture.
• Social reformers within a culture are, by definition, morally
wrong.
• Moral progress is virtually impossible.
Stace’s Argument for Cultural Relativism – 3
Critiquing Stace's argument for cultural relativism
• From the fact that people in different cultures have different
moral judgments, it does not follow that the cultures have
different moral standards.
• Consider: If you say the earth is round, and someone else says
the earth is flat, does this disagreement show there is no
objective truth about the shape of the earth?
Stace’s Argument for Cultural Relativism – 4
Critiquing Stace's argument for cultural relativism
• People may differ in their moral judgments, not just because
they accept different moral principles, but also because they
have divergent nonmoral beliefs.
• Disagreements may arise simply because some people are
wrong about the objective moral facts.
Cultural Relativism and Tolerance – 1
Tolerance is an admirable virtue for any society. But—
• Does cultural relativism entail tolerance?
• Does the idea that all cultures are morally equal support the
virtue of tolerance?
Cultural Relativism and Tolerance – 2
The inconsistency of cultural relativism:
If tolerance is an objective moral ...
Chapter 3 – Sport Ethics – concepts and cases in sport and recreat.docx
Chapter 3 – Sport Ethics – concepts and cases in sport and recreation (2nd Edition)
David Malloy, Saul Ross, Dwight Zakus
2003, Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Canada
(slightly abridged)
"That’s cheating!" "No, it's not!"
"That’s wrong!" "No, it's perfectly alright!"
"That's bad!" "No, it isn't!"
"That's improper behavior!" "No, it's not!"
"That's a violation of policy!" "No, it isn't!"
"That may not be an actual violation, "If it's not a violation
but it certainly goes against the of the rules, then
spirit of the rules." it is perfectly acceptable."
Comments such as these all reflect a concern for ethics and ethical behavior. Each comment is an expression of a moral judgment about some behavior exhibited. Each comment uttered is the result of an evaluation or assessment made of the behavior in relation to an explicit or implicit standard. These comments are usually uttered based on observations of the behavior exhibited. The assessments originate from the observer's own set of beliefs about what is right or wrong, what is good or bad, or what is permissible or unacceptable.
A critical question emerges from the preceding comments: From where docs the standard come that the person uses to assess behavior and then render judgment? The beginning of an answer to the possible bases for ethical standards will be presented later in this chapter and a more elaborate treatment is reserved for the fourth chapter, "Sources of Ethical Decision··Making."
From this brief digression we return to an examination of the ways we make moral judgments. Frequently there is no critical examination nor probing of the set of beliefs, the actual basis for rendering moral judgment, used by the person making such comments. In part this is due to the paucity of attention paid to the study of ethics, generally, and to sport ethics, particularly, at all levels of schooling. While each individual has a personal sense of morality, without the serious, disciplined study of ethics it is not surprising to discover that most people are unaware of the bases for moral judgment. This text aims to consider ably reduce this lack of knowledge through the information provided below.
ln ordinary, everyday circumstances, human behavior is not pre-analyzed for us. There are, however, some instances when this does occur. For example, there arc times when teachers, parents, administrators, religious officials, writers of articles for newspapers and magazines, or authors of books discuss certain events. Then, through their analyses, they point out the good and the bad, the right and the wrong. These instances are few compared to the many times when we have to analyze the situation by ourselves. Consequently, there is an obvious need to comprehend the realm of ethics and to learn how to conduct moral.
Recommended
Assignment 2 Ethical (Moral) RelativismIn America, many are comfo.docx
Assignment 2: Ethical (Moral) Relativism
In America, many are comfortable describing ethics as follows: “Well, what’s right for me is right for me and what’s right for you is right for you. Let’s just agree to disagree.” This is an affirmation of what philosophers call
individual
or
subjective moral relativism
. In this understanding of relativism, morality is a matter of individual feelings and personal preference. In individual moral relativism, the determination of what is right and wrong in a situation varies according to the individual. Moral relativists do not believe in natural law or universal truths.
Cultural moral relativism
puts culture at the forefront of relative ethical decision-making. It says the individual must include the precepts of his or her culture as a prominent part of the relativistic moral action.
Lawrence
Kohlberg,
a prominent psychologist known for recognizing moral stages of development, takes it a step farther saying cultural relativists are persons stuck in the “
Conventional
Stage” of ethical development
.
In your paper, please define individual moral relativism and cultural moral relativism in detail, noting how they differ from each other, their strengths and weaknesses, and give your position on Kohlberg’s stance on ethical relativism.
What aspects of ethical relativism do you identify and agree with? What aspects do you disagree with? Give a personal example that illustrates your stance on ethical relativism, describing how you made a moral decision in an ethical dilemma. Include at least two references to support your thoughts.
Post a 500-word paper to the
M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by due
Wednesday, July 9, 2014
. All written assignments and responses should follow proper citation rules for attributing sources. Please use Microsoft Word spelling/grammar checker. Be mindful of plagiarism policies.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Significant critical analysis of individual ethical relativism, cultural ethical relativism, and Kohlberg’s position; including definitions, strengths, and weaknesses.
36
Described personal ethical stances on each form of relativism in relation to own personal ethical system, including whether and how personal ethical system is compatible or incompatible with relativism.
24
Used a personal example to illustrate and support stance on ethical relativism in relation to own ethical system.
16
Justified ideas and responses by using appropriate scholarly examples and at least two references from texts, Web sites, and other references.
4
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
Assignment 2 Ethical (Moral) RelativismIn America, many are c.docx
Assignment 2: Ethical (Moral) Relativism
In America, many are comfortable describing ethics as follows: “Well, what’s right for me is right for me and what’s right for you is right for you. Let’s just agree to disagree.” This is an affirmation of what philosophers call
individual
or
subjective moral relativism
. In this understanding of relativism, morality is a matter of individual feelings and personal preference. In individual moral relativism, the determination of what is right and wrong in a situation varies according to the individual. Moral relativists do not believe in natural law or universal truths.
Cultural moral relativism
puts culture at the forefront of relative ethical decision-making. It says the individual must include the precepts of his or her culture as a prominent part of the relativistic moral action.
Lawrence
Kohlberg,
a prominent psychologist known for recognizing moral stages of development, takes it a step farther saying cultural relativists are persons stuck in the “
Conventional Stage” of ethical development
.
In your paper, please define individual moral relativism and cultural moral relativism in detail, noting how they differ from each other, their strengths and weaknesses, and give your position on Kohlberg’s stance on ethical relativism.
What aspects of ethical relativism do you identify and agree with? What aspects do you disagree with? Give a personal example that illustrates your stance on ethical relativism, describing how you made a moral decision in an ethical dilemma. Include at least two references to support your thoughts.
Post a 500-word paper to the
M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by due
Wednesday, October 5, 2016
. All written assignments and responses should follow proper citation rules for attributing sources. Please use Microsoft Word spelling/grammar checker. Be mindful of plagiarism policies.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Significant critical analysis of individual ethical relativism, cultural ethical relativism, and Kohlberg’s position; including definitions, strengths, and weaknesses.
36
Described personal ethical stances on each form of relativism in relation to own personal ethical system, including whether and how personal ethical system is compatible or incompatible with relativism.
24
Used a personal example to illustrate and support stance on ethical relativism in relation to own ethical system.
16
Justified ideas and responses by using appropriate scholarly examples and at least two references from texts, Web sites, and other references.
4
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spellinggrammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
For Kim Woods OnlyAssignment 2 Ethical (Moral) Relati.docx
*****For Kim Woods Only******
Assignment 2: Ethical (Moral) Relativism
In America, many are comfortable describing ethics as follows: “Well, what’s right for me is right for me and what’s right for you is right for you. Let’s just agree to disagree.” This is an affirmation of what philosophers call individual or subjective moral relativism. In this understanding of relativism, morality is a matter of individual feelings and personal preference. In individual moral relativism, the determination of what is right and wrong in a situation varies according to the individual. Moral relativists do not believe in natural law or universal truths.
Cultural moral relativism puts culture at the forefront of relative ethical decision-making. It says the individual must include the precepts of his or her culture as a prominent part of the relativistic moral action.
Lawrence Kohlberg, a prominent psychologist known for recognizing moral stages of development, takes it a step farther saying cultural relativists are persons stuck in the “Conventional Stage” of ethical development.
In your paper, please define individual moral relativism and cultural moral relativism in detail, noting how they differ from each other, their strengths and weaknesses, and give your position on Kohlberg’s stance on ethical relativism.
What aspects of ethical relativism do you identify and agree with? What aspects do you disagree with? Give a personal example that illustrates your stance on ethical relativism, describing how you made a moral decision in an ethical dilemma. Include at least two references to support your thoughts.
Post a 500-word paper to the M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox by due Week 4, Day 7. All written assignments and responses should follow proper citation rules for attributing sources. Please use Microsoft Word spelling/grammar checker. Be mindful of plagiarism policies.
.
Ethical (Moral) RelativismIn America, many are comfortable describ.docx
Ethical (Moral) Relativism
In America, many are comfortable describing ethics as follows: “Well, what’s right for me is right for me and what’s right for you is right for you. Let’s just agree to disagree.” This is an affirmation of what philosophers call
individual
or
subjective moral relativism
. In this understanding of relativism, morality is a matter of individual feelings and personal preference. In individual moral relativism, the determination of what is right and wrong in a situation varies according to the individual. Moral relativists do not believe in natural law or universal truths.
Cultural moral relativism
puts culture at the forefront of relative ethical decision-making. It says the individual must include the precepts of his or her culture as a prominent part of the relativistic moral action.
Lawrence
Kohlberg,
a prominent psychologist known for recognizing moral stages of development, takes it a step farther saying cultural relativists are persons stuck in the “
Conventional
Stage” of ethical development
.
In your paper, please define individual moral relativism and cultural moral relativism in detail, noting how they differ from each other, their strengths and weaknesses, and give your position on Kohlberg’s stance on ethical relativism.
What aspects of ethical relativism do you identify and agree with? What aspects do you disagree with? Give a personal example that illustrates your stance on ethical relativism, describing how you made a moral decision in an ethical dilemma. Include at least two references to support your thoughts.
Post a 500-word paper to the
M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by due
Wednesday, April 9, 2014
. All written assignments and responses should follow proper citation rules for attributing sources. Please use Microsoft Word spelling/grammar checker. Be mindful of plagiarism policies.
.
Ethical (Moral) RelativismIn America, many are comfortable desc.docx
Ethical (Moral) Relativism
In America, many are comfortable describing ethics as follows: “Well, what’s right for me is right for me and what’s right for you is right for you. Let’s just agree to disagree.” This is an affirmation of what philosophers call
individual
or
subjective moral relativism
. In this understanding of relativism, morality is a matter of individual feelings and personal preference. In individual moral relativism, the determination of what is right and wrong in a situation varies according to the individual. Moral relativists do not believe in natural law or universal truths.
Cultural moral relativism
puts culture at the forefront of relative ethical decision-making. It says the individual must include the precepts of his or her culture as a prominent part of the relativistic moral action.
Lawrence
Kohlberg,
a prominent psychologist known for recognizing moral stages of development, takes it a step farther saying cultural relativists are persons stuck in the “
Conventional
Stage” of ethical development
.
In your paper, please define individual moral relativism and cultural moral relativism in detail, noting how they differ from each other, their strengths and weaknesses, and give your position on Kohlberg’s stance on ethical relativism.
What aspects of ethical relativism do you identify and agree with? What aspects do you disagree with? Give a personal example that illustrates your stance on ethical relativism, describing how you made a moral decision in an ethical dilemma. Include at least two references to support your thoughts
.
2 Skepticism About EthicsBet_NoireiStockThinkstockLe.docx
2 Skepticism About Ethics
Bet_Noire/iStock/Thinkstock
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
• Explain what it means to be a moral skeptic.
• Explain the notion of moral relativism and how it differs from moral objectivity.
• Discuss challenges to relativism.
• Explain the notion of egoism and how it differs from the notion that moral standards are unconditional.
• Discuss Glaukon’s challenge from Plato’s Republic and identify the main claims made in the story.
© 2018 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
38
Section 2.1 Introduction to Skepticism
2.1 Introduction to Skepticism
In contemporary usage, skepticism means a doubt that a belief or claim is true. We often use
this word to refer to general doubts about all claims of a particular sort. For example, a reli-
gious skeptic might have doubts about claims pertaining to the existence of God, the possibil-
ity of knowing anything about God, and so on. A global warming skeptic might doubt claims
that human activity is the main cause of average global temperature rise, or a 9/11 “truther”
might be skeptical about claims that the terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington,
D.C., were exclusively the doings of al-Qaida (as opposed to being supported by the U.S. gov-
ernment). Likewise, many people regard the claims of politicians, salespersons, and media
personalities with doubt and suspicion.
Similarly, a moral skeptic—in the way we will be using this term here—will doubt common
beliefs about morality itself. It is important to note that we are not referring to people who
doubt specific moral claims, such as the claim that eating animals is wrong or that abortion is
morally justified. Nor are we referring to those who doubt the truth of certain general moral
theories or principles, such as utilitarianism or deontology. If we recall the discussion of the
landscape of moral philosophy from Chapter 1, claims about concrete moral problems like
eating animals or abortion fall under applied ethics, while claims about the general rules,
principles, and values that should inform our judgments and choices fall under normative
ethics. The kind of skepticism we are discussing in this chapter involves the more basic kinds
of claims that fall under the scope of metaethics.
Specifically, we will consider the reasons one might hold doubts about two commonly assumed
features of morality itself:
1. Moral standards are objective.
2. Moral standards are unconditional.
The forms of moral skepticism we will consider in this chapter raise doubts about those two
features.
1. Relativism doubts whether moral standards are objective, instead maintaining that
they are only true or false relative to a culture or individual.
2. Egoism doubts whether moral standards are unconditional, instead maintaining that
they are only good if they serve an individual’s self-interest, which in turn implies
that it ma ...
Chapter 2Subjectivism, Relativism, and EmotivismCopy
Chapter 2
Subjectivism, Relativism, and
Emotivism
Copyright © 2019 W. W. Norton & Company
Four Perspectives on Moral Judgments
• Objectivism
• Cultural relativism
• Subjective relativism
• Emotivism
Objectivism – 1
Objectivism: The theory that moral truths exist and that they do
so independently of what individuals or societies think of them.
(This is not the same as absolutism, which does not acknowledge
that objective principles may allow for exceptions, depending on
circumstances.)
Objectivism – 2
Implications:
• Moral disagreements can be resolved using reasoning.
• Moral judgments and actions can be evaluated according to
universal standards.
Subjective Relativism – 1
Subjective relativism: the view that an action is right if one
approves of it
Subjective Relativism – 2
Implications:
• Everyone is morally infallible.
• Genuine moral disagreement between individuals is nearly
impossible.
• Moral judgments are a matter of preference (“taste”).
Cultural Relativism – 1
Cultural relativism: the view that an action is right if one’s
culture approves of it
(Moral rightness and wrongness are relative to cultures.)
Stace’s Argument for Cultural Relativism – 1
1. People’s judgments about right and wrong differ from
culture to culture.
2. If people’s judgments about right and wrong differ from
culture to culture, then right and wrong are relative to
culture, and there are no objective moral principles.
3. Therefore, right and wrong are relative to culture, and there
are no objective moral principles.
Stace’s Argument for Cultural Relativism – 2
Implications:
• Cultures are morally infallible.
• Cultural values cannot be criticized from outside the culture.
• Social reformers within a culture are, by definition, morally
wrong.
• Moral progress is virtually impossible.
Stace’s Argument for Cultural Relativism – 3
Critiquing Stace's argument for cultural relativism
• From the fact that people in different cultures have different
moral judgments, it does not follow that the cultures have
different moral standards.
• Consider: If you say the earth is round, and someone else says
the earth is flat, does this disagreement show there is no
objective truth about the shape of the earth?
Stace’s Argument for Cultural Relativism – 4
Critiquing Stace's argument for cultural relativism
• People may differ in their moral judgments, not just because
they accept different moral principles, but also because they
have divergent nonmoral beliefs.
• Disagreements may arise simply because some people are
wrong about the objective moral facts.
Cultural Relativism and Tolerance – 1
Tolerance is an admirable virtue for any society. But—
• Does cultural relativism entail tolerance?
• Does the idea that all cultures are morally equal support the
virtue of tolerance?
Cultural Relativism and Tolerance – 2
The inconsistency of cultural relativism:
If tolerance is an objective moral ...
Chapter 3 – Sport Ethics – concepts and cases in sport and recreat.docx
Chapter 3 – Sport Ethics – concepts and cases in sport and recreation (2nd Edition)
David Malloy, Saul Ross, Dwight Zakus
2003, Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Canada
(slightly abridged)
"That’s cheating!" "No, it's not!"
"That’s wrong!" "No, it's perfectly alright!"
"That's bad!" "No, it isn't!"
"That's improper behavior!" "No, it's not!"
"That's a violation of policy!" "No, it isn't!"
"That may not be an actual violation, "If it's not a violation
but it certainly goes against the of the rules, then
spirit of the rules." it is perfectly acceptable."
Comments such as these all reflect a concern for ethics and ethical behavior. Each comment is an expression of a moral judgment about some behavior exhibited. Each comment uttered is the result of an evaluation or assessment made of the behavior in relation to an explicit or implicit standard. These comments are usually uttered based on observations of the behavior exhibited. The assessments originate from the observer's own set of beliefs about what is right or wrong, what is good or bad, or what is permissible or unacceptable.
A critical question emerges from the preceding comments: From where docs the standard come that the person uses to assess behavior and then render judgment? The beginning of an answer to the possible bases for ethical standards will be presented later in this chapter and a more elaborate treatment is reserved for the fourth chapter, "Sources of Ethical Decision··Making."
From this brief digression we return to an examination of the ways we make moral judgments. Frequently there is no critical examination nor probing of the set of beliefs, the actual basis for rendering moral judgment, used by the person making such comments. In part this is due to the paucity of attention paid to the study of ethics, generally, and to sport ethics, particularly, at all levels of schooling. While each individual has a personal sense of morality, without the serious, disciplined study of ethics it is not surprising to discover that most people are unaware of the bases for moral judgment. This text aims to consider ably reduce this lack of knowledge through the information provided below.
ln ordinary, everyday circumstances, human behavior is not pre-analyzed for us. There are, however, some instances when this does occur. For example, there arc times when teachers, parents, administrators, religious officials, writers of articles for newspapers and magazines, or authors of books discuss certain events. Then, through their analyses, they point out the good and the bad, the right and the wrong. These instances are few compared to the many times when we have to analyze the situation by ourselves. Consequently, there is an obvious need to comprehend the realm of ethics and to learn how to conduct moral.
Module 3 OverviewEgoism and Relativism; Pluralism and Pragmatism.docx
Module 3 Overview
Egoism and Relativism; Pluralism and Pragmatism
Welcome to Module Three. Is it wrong to smoke marijuana? Is it unethical to get an abortion? Recently, several states and municipalities have passed ordinances and ballot initiatives legalizing the use of marijuana. Also, some states have severely restricted access to abortion, whereas others have not. Are these actions right or wrong and ethical or unethical depending on physical boundaries or jurisdiction rule? This module will explore egoism, moral relativism, pluralism, and pragmatism in the context of real-world issues.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
2B
discuss ‘moral sainthood’ and its role in ethics.
6B
describe pluralism and pragmatism as they relate to ethics.
6C
analyze the benefits and criticisms of cultural relativism as it relates to ethics.
7A
evaluate the different perspectives of egoism as it relates to ethics.
7B
discuss sociological and cultural relativism as they relate to ethics.
Module 3 Reading Assignment
Waller, B. N. (2011). Consider ethics: Theory, readings, and contemporary issues (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. Chapters 2 and 6.
Supplemental Reading Assignments (Required):
Häyry, M. (2005). A defense of ethical relativism. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 14(1), 7-12.
Course Login Instructions
If you are a first time user:
Please register your Pearson Online
Solution
s Student Access Code. You can find your Student Access Code in the AAU Course Registration e-mail that came with your text.
If you are a returning user:
Please visit the Access Code Registration page to log in. You must log in every time you access this course. If you are not logged in, you will not be able to access the premium resources.
NOTE: Bookmarking pages in this site, especially the resources you access with the link above, is not recommended.
Please view the Online Presentation for Module 3.
Egoism and Relativism; Pluralism and Pragmatism
Chapter 2 Lecture Notes: Egoism and Relativism
Egoism
Psychological egoism is the view that all of our behavior is selfish or self-interested as a matter of empirical psychological fact. Although several convincing examples can be given in support of selfish or self-interested behavior, psychological egoism, as a scientific theory, fails the test of falsifiability. If psychological egoism is a scientific account of human behavior, then one should able to state what would count as evidence against the position. But all acts that might count against the theory are immediately reinterpreted in terms of selfishness or self-interest. Thus, psychological egoists tend to espouse a belief and not an empirically testable claim. Additionally, the psychological egoist appears to conflate the notions of selfishness, self-interest, and satisfaction.
Ethical egoism is the view that we ought to always act in a way that is self-interested. Unlike psychological egoism, ...
Ethics and the NewsFor Week 4, address the following in a thre.docx
Ethics and the News
For
Week 4
, address the following in a three-page paper:
Identify a current event or contemporary social issue that involves ethical values. Your issue must be broad enough to sustain deep philosophical analysis and must have relevance to your community. A good choice of issue is one that (1) involves a decision that must be made that involves competing ethical values and considerations, (2) includes with various available options about which reasonable people can disagree, (3) concretely affects people’s lives, and (4) might be influenced by external and internal factors such as social norms, oppression, religious and other personal beliefs, socially-imposed constraints (such as laws), and physical limitations. Issues that only affect a few people or have only a minor impact are probably too narrow. Issues that you are not open to examining with an open mind will also not work well for this assignment. For some topic suggestions, you might want to browse the website of a reputable news organization or review some political blogs you follow.
Identify at least two news articles on your topic located using the South University Online Library and/or reputable news outlets. Make sure that the articles you choose present at least two different accounts of the values that should be considered in addressing the issue and include information and facts that you can use to develop your arguments and analysis. If you cannot locate two news articles on your topic, or if all of the articles share the same perspective, you should choose another topic. You should cite the two articles using correct APA citation.
Explain at least one ethical theory from your assigned readings. Cite support from the primary text selections in the chapter as well as authoritative secondary sources such as the course text and online lectures.
Analyze the issue using the theory of ethics. For example, you might discuss utilitarianism, deontology, virtue/care ethics, or existentialism.
Contrast this analysis with the approach a second theory would take. For instance, you might contrast deontology with utilitarianism by distinguishing duty from the principle of utility, or compare care ethics and existentialism by discussing the relative approaches to intersubjectivity.
Submit your assignment in the
W4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by
Tuesday, August 12, 2014
.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Identified a current event or contemporary social issue that involves ethical values.
4
Explained at least one ethical theory from the assigned readings. Cited support from the primary text selections in the chapter as well as authoritative secondary sources such as the course text and online lectures.
12
Analyzed the issue by identifying how the theory determines the most ethical action and applying this approach to the issue.
12
Discussed a second theory that would approach the issue differently.
12
Used correct spelling, grammar, and concise language.
5
Conf.
For Week 4, address the following in a three-page paperIdenti.docx
For
Week 4
, address the following in a three-page paper:
Identify a current event or contemporary social issue that involves ethical values. Your issue must be broad enough to sustain deep philosophical analysis and must have relevance to your community. A good choice of issue is one that (1) involves a decision that must be made that involves competing ethical values and considerations, (2) includes with various available options about which reasonable people can disagree, (3) concretely affects people’s lives, and (4) might be influenced by external and internal factors such as social norms, oppression, religious and other personal beliefs, socially-imposed constraints (such as laws), and physical limitations. Issues that only affect a few people or have only a minor impact are probably too narrow. Issues that you are not open to examining with an open mind will also not work well for this assignment. For some topic suggestions, you might want to browse the website of a reputable news organization or review some political blogs you follow.
Identify at least two news articles on your topic located using the South University Online Library and/or reputable news outlets. Make sure that the articles you choose present at least two different accounts of the values that should be considered in addressing the issue and include information and facts that you can use to develop your arguments and analysis. If you cannot locate two news articles on your topic, or if all of the articles share the same perspective, you should choose another topic. You should cite the two articles using correct APA citation.
Explain at least one ethical theory from your assigned readings. Cite support from the primary text selections in the chapter as well as authoritative secondary sources such as the course text and online lectures.
Analyze the issue using the theory of ethics. For example, you might discuss utilitarianism, deontology, virtue/care ethics, or existentialism.
Contrast this analysis with the approach a second theory would take. For instance, you might contrast deontology with utilitarianism by distinguishing duty from the principle of utility, or compare care ethics and existentialism by discussing the relative approaches to intersubjectivity.
Submit your assignment in the
W4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by
Tuesday, December 9, 2014
.
.
Assignment 1 Discussion Individual FaithIn this course so fa.docx
Assignment 1: Discussion: Individual Faith
In this course so far, you have spent time learning about various world religions and also the philosophy of religion. Now it is time for you to examine faith on an individual level.
In this assignment, you are going to look at the religious beliefs of one person and then categorize those beliefs. You may give a brief account of your own faith or you may interview someone and give an account of his or her faith.
Next, categorize those beliefs according to the following typology:
•Polytheist
•Monotheist
•Deist
•Pantheist
•Panentheist
•Atheist
•Agnostic
•Mystic
•Other
Describe the category you chose. Give examples of the beliefs of the person you wrote about and then explain why those beliefs belong in the category you selected.
Next, give a short answer to the following classic questions of philosophy, relative to the category you have chosen:
•What can this person believe about God and the universe?
•What must this person do to lead an ethical life?
•What may this person hope? What happens to this person when he or she dies?
Your initial response should be 2 to 3 paragraphs (250 words) in length. If you write about another person's beliefs, remember to keep that person anonymous.
After you post your initial response, please respond to a minimum of two of your peers' original posts. Remember, you are not to criticize the religious beliefs of your classmates.
By Saturday, September 13, 2014 write an account of you own religious beliefs, or those of a friend, and post that account to the Discussion Area. By Wednesday, September 17, 2014 respond to at least two original postings from your classmates.
Assignment 2: Unless I See, I Will Not Believe: The Relationship between Faith and Doubt
The words faith and doubt are easy to define, but they are much more difficult to live with. Faith is the belief in what is unseen or unsubstantiated in the physical sense as if it were in fact reality. Doubt is a particularly difficult concept for organized religions to handle—the doubts of a handful of believers, or even a single believer, can lead to a major change in a religion. Thus, as humans are we destined to doubt by human nature?
In an essay of 700 to 800 words, discuss the relationship between doubt and faith.
In your essay, address the following questions:
•What do the terms faith and doubt mean to religious philosophers?
•How do you define faith and doubt in the context of your life?
•What is the difference between saying, "I believe that," and "I believe in"?
•Is faith, in the religious sense, a matter of opinion or of trust?
•Are faith and doubt incompatible? Are they opposite or complementary?
•Discuss the religious tradition (of the five options) where faith is most prevalent. Where doubt is the most prevalent. Do these religions offer insight into your own faith/doubt equation?
Assignment 1: Discussion: Visions of God
Christianity and Islam are m ...
Ethics, norms, values and beliefs and kohlberg's theory of ethical judgment
Definitions of Ethics, Norma, Values and Beliefs. Kohlberg's theory of Ethical Judgement.
Ethics
Ethics examines the rational justification for our moral judgments; it studies what is morally right or wrong, just or unjust. In a broader sense, ethics reflects on human beings and their interaction with nature and with other humans, on freedom, on responsibility and on justice.
A CRITIQUE OF MORAL RELATIVISM
Paper Writing Service
http://StudyHub.vip/A-CRITIQUE-OF-MORAL-RELATIVISM 👈
Cultural Relativism and Moral ActionRequired ResourcesReadr.docx
Cultural Relativism and Moral Action
Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Textbook: Chapter 1, 2
Lesson
Minimum of 2 scholarly sources in addition to the textbook
Instructions
For this assignment propose a scenario where you or someone you know are confronted with a moral dilemma relating to cultural diversity and multiculturalism. It cannot be the same as what was covered in the week one discussion.
Cultural diversity refers to religious, sexual, racial, and other forms of social difference. A moral dilemma is a situation in which one must make a decision between two or more options such that the options involve seemingly ethical and/or unethical conduct. Address the following questions:
What was the situation? What did the dilemma involve?
What would a subjective moral relativist say is the right approach to the dilemma? Why would that kind of relativist say that?
What would a cultural relativist say is the right approach to the dilemma? Why would that kind of relativist say that? Is that approach correct?
What did you the person confronting the dilemma decide to do? What moral justification did they give? Is that approach morally correct?
Was there an objective moral truth (the objectively right thing to do) in this situation? Why or why not?
Remember, the dilemma should be detailed with description and dialogue. Regard the questions as requirements. This is an essay, so rather than simply providing a list of brief answers to questions, provide an in-depth reflection regarding a difficult ethical situation..
Cite the textbook and incorporate outside sources, including citations.
Writing Requirements (APA format)
Length: 1.5-2 pages (not including title page or references page)
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources)
Reference
Rachels, S., & Rachels, J. (2019).
The elements of moral philosophy
(9th ed.). Mcgraw-Hill Education.
.
Discussion AutismNo unread replies.No replies.Discussion- Cha
Discussion: Autism
No unread replies.No replies.
Discussion- Chapter Eleven
Discussion prompt:
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have received substantial attention in the popular press during the past decade. A brighter picture is emerging due to this media attention.
Use the question below to guide your discussion:
In what ways is the future brighter for people with ASD than it has in the past?
Submission Instructions:
The Discussion Forum is a great way to build a sense of community, discuss key concepts, and learn from others. You are required to post a response and a reply to at one peer each week.
· Post your initial response by Wednesday at 23:59 CST.
· Post a minimum of one follow-up response by Sunday at 23:59 CST.
To receive full credit, your responses must demonstrate an understanding of key concepts; further the discussion by providing original and relevant insight; include a rationale, evidence, or example that supports your response/opinion; and, be free of significant mechanical errors. Your peer responses should provide specific, constructive, and supportive feedback to extend classmates' thinking and offer additional resources, opinion, and/or experiences.
Your initial post should be 300-350 words. Peer reply posts should be 150-200words each. Conform to APA guidelines as you write your responses. In-text citations, as well as reference page citations, must be included for any professional journal articles, textbook quotes, video references, etc., used in your response.
*Grading rubric is listed. Click on show rubric.
Required Textbook: Hardman, M. L., Egan, M. W., & Drew, C. J. (2014). Human exceptionality: School, community, and family. (12th ed.) Cengage Learning
"Ethics and Ethical Reasoning"
"ermissible, etc.)”? One answer to this question is that such assertions can do nothing to solve the deep conflicts of value that we find in our world. We know that people disagree about abortion, gay marriage, animal rights, and other issues. If we are to make progress toward understanding each other, if we are to make progress toward establish-ing some consensus about these topics, then we have to understand why we think certain things are right and other things are wrong. We need to make arguments and give reasons in order to work out our own conclusions about these issues and in order to explain our conclusions to others with whom we disagree.It is also not sufficient to appeal to custom or authority in deriving our conclusions about moral issues. While it may be appropriate for children to simply obey their parents’ decisions, adults should strive for more than conformity and obedience to authority. Sometimes our parents and grandparents are wrong—or they disagree among themselves. Sometimes the law is wrong—or the laws conflict. And sometimes religious authorities are wrong—or the authorities do not agree. To appeal to authority on moral issues, we would first have to decide which authority is to be trusted and belie ...
Assignment 1 Conformity and Social InfluenceHow do reasonable p.docx
Assignment 1: Conformity and Social Influence
How do reasonable people go along with unreasonable ideas, including mass suicide? How do charismatic leaders create their own “culture” within a specific situation and setting and then bring followers along? It is unsettling to consider that researchers have found that almost anyone will obey orders if placed in the right situation.
For this Assignment, you will explore the role of conformity and social influence in the dynamics of a cult. Keep in mind the definition of “culture” as you examine how a powerful leader can create a distinct culture, or “cult,” that others join and follow: a set of attitudes, behaviors, and symbols shared by a large group of people (Shiraev & Levy, 2017, p. 4) .
To prepare:
Review the sections in Chapter 10 of your course text, beginning with “Universal Interaction” (p. 301), and pay particular attention to the content on conformity, obedience, leadership, and social power.
Your Week 5 Learning Resources provide information on three different cults and their leaders in recent U.S. history: Jim Jones and the People’s Temple, David Koresh and the Branch Davidians, and Marshall Applewhite and Heaven’s Gate. You are encouraged to choose one as the focus of your Assignment. Additional Learning Resources provide insights on the dynamics of a cult.
Note:
If you prefer to choose a different leader and group, check with your instructor first for approval.
For your focus leader, review and analyze the Module 5 Learning Resources provided and additional resources you find in the Walden Library or in other sources, including reputable websites, to complete this Assignment.
For your focus leader and group, think about how each may exemplify the concepts of conformity, obedience, and social power:
How the leader builds a “culture” with its own rules outside of the larger culture
What elements compel followers to conform, such as charisma, isolation, and/or fear
Use the Learning Resources provided and those you find to analyze your leader and followers as an example of a situational development of a “culture” through conformity, obedience, and social power.
By Day 7
Submit
a 2 - to 3-page research paper in which you do the following:
Describe the leader and followers who are the subject of your analysis.
Analyze how the leader created a distinct “culture” for followers and what elements of a culture were present in the setting.
Analyze how the leader used social power to influence followers.
Analyze elements that created conformity and obedience among the followers.
Explain how your chosen leader’s use of social influence applies to the leaders in your culture (e.g., local, academic, political, or other types of leaders you identify).
Note:
Support the responses within your Assignment with evidence from the assigned Learning Resources and those you found. Provide a reference list for resources you used for this Assignment.
Submission and Grading In.
Assignment 2 Explain the difference between the following 1. A .docx
Assignment 2
Explain the difference between the following:
1. A population parameter and its point estimate.
2. A population and a corresponding sample mean
3. Explain in your own words: range, variance and standard deviation for a population
Answer Exercises: 2.16, 2.28, 3.3, 3.19, and 3.31
NOTE
: SHOW ALL THE CALCULATIONS - (YOU WILL NOT GET ANY CREDIT IF YOU DO NOT SHOW ALL THE CALCULATIONS
)
REQUIRED TEXT
Business Statistics in Practice, 7/e
By Bruce L. Bowerman, Richard T. O'Connell and Emily S. Murphree
7th Edition ISBN: 978-0-07-352149-7
.
Assignment 2 Exploring the Art of Indigenous Cultures Part 1All .docx
Assignment 2: Exploring the Art of Indigenous Cultures: Part 1
All of the indigenous cultures that we have explored this week were at one time “discovered” by European explorers who often collected traditional art objects to take back with them to Europe as “curiosities.” These
objets d’art
inspired collectors and artists alike and opened the Western world up to new ideas, new cultures, and new art forms.
This is Part 1 of a two-part assignment and spans
Weeks 3 and 4
. Imagine that you are one of these intrepid European explorers who has set out to discover and collect the traditional art forms created by the four cultures we have learned about this week:
India
China
Korea
Japan
As you “travel” and collect two works from each of your four cultures, you need to document some important field notes that will help you to explain what these treasures are upon your return home. These field notes need to include for each work of art:
Name of the culture that produced the object
Title or name of the object
Date of the object
Medium/materials used to create the object
Current location
Assignment Instructions
Using the textbook and Internet sources, locate 2 traditional works of art from India, China, Japan, and Korea. Copy and paste the 8 objects into your Microsoft Word document and label each one:
Name of the culture that produced the object
Title of the work
Date of the work
Medium/materials used to create the work
Current location
Offer a citation of your sources for each image and the information you found in the textbook and on the Internet.
Use your textbook to find out as much as you can about cultural context for each object. Go online and find some reference sources to provide you with more information.
Thoroughly explain and analyze:
What each object is
How you think your European friends back home will react to each object, and why
Why it is culturally important
.
More Related Content
Similar to Assignment 2 Ethical (Moral) RelativismIn America, many are comfo.docx
Module 3 OverviewEgoism and Relativism; Pluralism and Pragmatism.docx
Module 3 Overview
Egoism and Relativism; Pluralism and Pragmatism
Welcome to Module Three. Is it wrong to smoke marijuana? Is it unethical to get an abortion? Recently, several states and municipalities have passed ordinances and ballot initiatives legalizing the use of marijuana. Also, some states have severely restricted access to abortion, whereas others have not. Are these actions right or wrong and ethical or unethical depending on physical boundaries or jurisdiction rule? This module will explore egoism, moral relativism, pluralism, and pragmatism in the context of real-world issues.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
2B
discuss ‘moral sainthood’ and its role in ethics.
6B
describe pluralism and pragmatism as they relate to ethics.
6C
analyze the benefits and criticisms of cultural relativism as it relates to ethics.
7A
evaluate the different perspectives of egoism as it relates to ethics.
7B
discuss sociological and cultural relativism as they relate to ethics.
Module 3 Reading Assignment
Waller, B. N. (2011). Consider ethics: Theory, readings, and contemporary issues (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. Chapters 2 and 6.
Supplemental Reading Assignments (Required):
Häyry, M. (2005). A defense of ethical relativism. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 14(1), 7-12.
Course Login Instructions
If you are a first time user:
Please register your Pearson Online
Solution
s Student Access Code. You can find your Student Access Code in the AAU Course Registration e-mail that came with your text.
If you are a returning user:
Please visit the Access Code Registration page to log in. You must log in every time you access this course. If you are not logged in, you will not be able to access the premium resources.
NOTE: Bookmarking pages in this site, especially the resources you access with the link above, is not recommended.
Please view the Online Presentation for Module 3.
Egoism and Relativism; Pluralism and Pragmatism
Chapter 2 Lecture Notes: Egoism and Relativism
Egoism
Psychological egoism is the view that all of our behavior is selfish or self-interested as a matter of empirical psychological fact. Although several convincing examples can be given in support of selfish or self-interested behavior, psychological egoism, as a scientific theory, fails the test of falsifiability. If psychological egoism is a scientific account of human behavior, then one should able to state what would count as evidence against the position. But all acts that might count against the theory are immediately reinterpreted in terms of selfishness or self-interest. Thus, psychological egoists tend to espouse a belief and not an empirically testable claim. Additionally, the psychological egoist appears to conflate the notions of selfishness, self-interest, and satisfaction.
Ethical egoism is the view that we ought to always act in a way that is self-interested. Unlike psychological egoism, ...
Ethics and the NewsFor Week 4, address the following in a thre.docx
Ethics and the News
For
Week 4
, address the following in a three-page paper:
Identify a current event or contemporary social issue that involves ethical values. Your issue must be broad enough to sustain deep philosophical analysis and must have relevance to your community. A good choice of issue is one that (1) involves a decision that must be made that involves competing ethical values and considerations, (2) includes with various available options about which reasonable people can disagree, (3) concretely affects people’s lives, and (4) might be influenced by external and internal factors such as social norms, oppression, religious and other personal beliefs, socially-imposed constraints (such as laws), and physical limitations. Issues that only affect a few people or have only a minor impact are probably too narrow. Issues that you are not open to examining with an open mind will also not work well for this assignment. For some topic suggestions, you might want to browse the website of a reputable news organization or review some political blogs you follow.
Identify at least two news articles on your topic located using the South University Online Library and/or reputable news outlets. Make sure that the articles you choose present at least two different accounts of the values that should be considered in addressing the issue and include information and facts that you can use to develop your arguments and analysis. If you cannot locate two news articles on your topic, or if all of the articles share the same perspective, you should choose another topic. You should cite the two articles using correct APA citation.
Explain at least one ethical theory from your assigned readings. Cite support from the primary text selections in the chapter as well as authoritative secondary sources such as the course text and online lectures.
Analyze the issue using the theory of ethics. For example, you might discuss utilitarianism, deontology, virtue/care ethics, or existentialism.
Contrast this analysis with the approach a second theory would take. For instance, you might contrast deontology with utilitarianism by distinguishing duty from the principle of utility, or compare care ethics and existentialism by discussing the relative approaches to intersubjectivity.
Submit your assignment in the
W4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by
Tuesday, August 12, 2014
.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Identified a current event or contemporary social issue that involves ethical values.
4
Explained at least one ethical theory from the assigned readings. Cited support from the primary text selections in the chapter as well as authoritative secondary sources such as the course text and online lectures.
12
Analyzed the issue by identifying how the theory determines the most ethical action and applying this approach to the issue.
12
Discussed a second theory that would approach the issue differently.
12
Used correct spelling, grammar, and concise language.
5
Conf.
For Week 4, address the following in a three-page paperIdenti.docx
For
Week 4
, address the following in a three-page paper:
Identify a current event or contemporary social issue that involves ethical values. Your issue must be broad enough to sustain deep philosophical analysis and must have relevance to your community. A good choice of issue is one that (1) involves a decision that must be made that involves competing ethical values and considerations, (2) includes with various available options about which reasonable people can disagree, (3) concretely affects people’s lives, and (4) might be influenced by external and internal factors such as social norms, oppression, religious and other personal beliefs, socially-imposed constraints (such as laws), and physical limitations. Issues that only affect a few people or have only a minor impact are probably too narrow. Issues that you are not open to examining with an open mind will also not work well for this assignment. For some topic suggestions, you might want to browse the website of a reputable news organization or review some political blogs you follow.
Identify at least two news articles on your topic located using the South University Online Library and/or reputable news outlets. Make sure that the articles you choose present at least two different accounts of the values that should be considered in addressing the issue and include information and facts that you can use to develop your arguments and analysis. If you cannot locate two news articles on your topic, or if all of the articles share the same perspective, you should choose another topic. You should cite the two articles using correct APA citation.
Explain at least one ethical theory from your assigned readings. Cite support from the primary text selections in the chapter as well as authoritative secondary sources such as the course text and online lectures.
Analyze the issue using the theory of ethics. For example, you might discuss utilitarianism, deontology, virtue/care ethics, or existentialism.
Contrast this analysis with the approach a second theory would take. For instance, you might contrast deontology with utilitarianism by distinguishing duty from the principle of utility, or compare care ethics and existentialism by discussing the relative approaches to intersubjectivity.
Submit your assignment in the
W4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by
Tuesday, December 9, 2014
.
.
Assignment 1 Discussion Individual FaithIn this course so fa.docx
Assignment 1: Discussion: Individual Faith
In this course so far, you have spent time learning about various world religions and also the philosophy of religion. Now it is time for you to examine faith on an individual level.
In this assignment, you are going to look at the religious beliefs of one person and then categorize those beliefs. You may give a brief account of your own faith or you may interview someone and give an account of his or her faith.
Next, categorize those beliefs according to the following typology:
•Polytheist
•Monotheist
•Deist
•Pantheist
•Panentheist
•Atheist
•Agnostic
•Mystic
•Other
Describe the category you chose. Give examples of the beliefs of the person you wrote about and then explain why those beliefs belong in the category you selected.
Next, give a short answer to the following classic questions of philosophy, relative to the category you have chosen:
•What can this person believe about God and the universe?
•What must this person do to lead an ethical life?
•What may this person hope? What happens to this person when he or she dies?
Your initial response should be 2 to 3 paragraphs (250 words) in length. If you write about another person's beliefs, remember to keep that person anonymous.
After you post your initial response, please respond to a minimum of two of your peers' original posts. Remember, you are not to criticize the religious beliefs of your classmates.
By Saturday, September 13, 2014 write an account of you own religious beliefs, or those of a friend, and post that account to the Discussion Area. By Wednesday, September 17, 2014 respond to at least two original postings from your classmates.
Assignment 2: Unless I See, I Will Not Believe: The Relationship between Faith and Doubt
The words faith and doubt are easy to define, but they are much more difficult to live with. Faith is the belief in what is unseen or unsubstantiated in the physical sense as if it were in fact reality. Doubt is a particularly difficult concept for organized religions to handle—the doubts of a handful of believers, or even a single believer, can lead to a major change in a religion. Thus, as humans are we destined to doubt by human nature?
In an essay of 700 to 800 words, discuss the relationship between doubt and faith.
In your essay, address the following questions:
•What do the terms faith and doubt mean to religious philosophers?
•How do you define faith and doubt in the context of your life?
•What is the difference between saying, "I believe that," and "I believe in"?
•Is faith, in the religious sense, a matter of opinion or of trust?
•Are faith and doubt incompatible? Are they opposite or complementary?
•Discuss the religious tradition (of the five options) where faith is most prevalent. Where doubt is the most prevalent. Do these religions offer insight into your own faith/doubt equation?
Assignment 1: Discussion: Visions of God
Christianity and Islam are m ...
Ethics, norms, values and beliefs and kohlberg's theory of ethical judgment
Definitions of Ethics, Norma, Values and Beliefs. Kohlberg's theory of Ethical Judgement.
Ethics
Ethics examines the rational justification for our moral judgments; it studies what is morally right or wrong, just or unjust. In a broader sense, ethics reflects on human beings and their interaction with nature and with other humans, on freedom, on responsibility and on justice.
A CRITIQUE OF MORAL RELATIVISM
Paper Writing Service
http://StudyHub.vip/A-CRITIQUE-OF-MORAL-RELATIVISM 👈
Cultural Relativism and Moral ActionRequired ResourcesReadr.docx
Cultural Relativism and Moral Action
Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Textbook: Chapter 1, 2
Lesson
Minimum of 2 scholarly sources in addition to the textbook
Instructions
For this assignment propose a scenario where you or someone you know are confronted with a moral dilemma relating to cultural diversity and multiculturalism. It cannot be the same as what was covered in the week one discussion.
Cultural diversity refers to religious, sexual, racial, and other forms of social difference. A moral dilemma is a situation in which one must make a decision between two or more options such that the options involve seemingly ethical and/or unethical conduct. Address the following questions:
What was the situation? What did the dilemma involve?
What would a subjective moral relativist say is the right approach to the dilemma? Why would that kind of relativist say that?
What would a cultural relativist say is the right approach to the dilemma? Why would that kind of relativist say that? Is that approach correct?
What did you the person confronting the dilemma decide to do? What moral justification did they give? Is that approach morally correct?
Was there an objective moral truth (the objectively right thing to do) in this situation? Why or why not?
Remember, the dilemma should be detailed with description and dialogue. Regard the questions as requirements. This is an essay, so rather than simply providing a list of brief answers to questions, provide an in-depth reflection regarding a difficult ethical situation..
Cite the textbook and incorporate outside sources, including citations.
Writing Requirements (APA format)
Length: 1.5-2 pages (not including title page or references page)
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources)
Reference
Rachels, S., & Rachels, J. (2019).
The elements of moral philosophy
(9th ed.). Mcgraw-Hill Education.
.
Discussion AutismNo unread replies.No replies.Discussion- Cha
Discussion: Autism
No unread replies.No replies.
Discussion- Chapter Eleven
Discussion prompt:
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have received substantial attention in the popular press during the past decade. A brighter picture is emerging due to this media attention.
Use the question below to guide your discussion:
In what ways is the future brighter for people with ASD than it has in the past?
Submission Instructions:
The Discussion Forum is a great way to build a sense of community, discuss key concepts, and learn from others. You are required to post a response and a reply to at one peer each week.
· Post your initial response by Wednesday at 23:59 CST.
· Post a minimum of one follow-up response by Sunday at 23:59 CST.
To receive full credit, your responses must demonstrate an understanding of key concepts; further the discussion by providing original and relevant insight; include a rationale, evidence, or example that supports your response/opinion; and, be free of significant mechanical errors. Your peer responses should provide specific, constructive, and supportive feedback to extend classmates' thinking and offer additional resources, opinion, and/or experiences.
Your initial post should be 300-350 words. Peer reply posts should be 150-200words each. Conform to APA guidelines as you write your responses. In-text citations, as well as reference page citations, must be included for any professional journal articles, textbook quotes, video references, etc., used in your response.
*Grading rubric is listed. Click on show rubric.
Required Textbook: Hardman, M. L., Egan, M. W., & Drew, C. J. (2014). Human exceptionality: School, community, and family. (12th ed.) Cengage Learning
"Ethics and Ethical Reasoning"
"ermissible, etc.)”? One answer to this question is that such assertions can do nothing to solve the deep conflicts of value that we find in our world. We know that people disagree about abortion, gay marriage, animal rights, and other issues. If we are to make progress toward understanding each other, if we are to make progress toward establish-ing some consensus about these topics, then we have to understand why we think certain things are right and other things are wrong. We need to make arguments and give reasons in order to work out our own conclusions about these issues and in order to explain our conclusions to others with whom we disagree.It is also not sufficient to appeal to custom or authority in deriving our conclusions about moral issues. While it may be appropriate for children to simply obey their parents’ decisions, adults should strive for more than conformity and obedience to authority. Sometimes our parents and grandparents are wrong—or they disagree among themselves. Sometimes the law is wrong—or the laws conflict. And sometimes religious authorities are wrong—or the authorities do not agree. To appeal to authority on moral issues, we would first have to decide which authority is to be trusted and belie ...
Assignment 1 Conformity and Social InfluenceHow do reasonable p.docx
Assignment 1: Conformity and Social Influence
How do reasonable people go along with unreasonable ideas, including mass suicide? How do charismatic leaders create their own “culture” within a specific situation and setting and then bring followers along? It is unsettling to consider that researchers have found that almost anyone will obey orders if placed in the right situation.
For this Assignment, you will explore the role of conformity and social influence in the dynamics of a cult. Keep in mind the definition of “culture” as you examine how a powerful leader can create a distinct culture, or “cult,” that others join and follow: a set of attitudes, behaviors, and symbols shared by a large group of people (Shiraev & Levy, 2017, p. 4) .
To prepare:
Review the sections in Chapter 10 of your course text, beginning with “Universal Interaction” (p. 301), and pay particular attention to the content on conformity, obedience, leadership, and social power.
Your Week 5 Learning Resources provide information on three different cults and their leaders in recent U.S. history: Jim Jones and the People’s Temple, David Koresh and the Branch Davidians, and Marshall Applewhite and Heaven’s Gate. You are encouraged to choose one as the focus of your Assignment. Additional Learning Resources provide insights on the dynamics of a cult.
Note:
If you prefer to choose a different leader and group, check with your instructor first for approval.
For your focus leader, review and analyze the Module 5 Learning Resources provided and additional resources you find in the Walden Library or in other sources, including reputable websites, to complete this Assignment.
For your focus leader and group, think about how each may exemplify the concepts of conformity, obedience, and social power:
How the leader builds a “culture” with its own rules outside of the larger culture
What elements compel followers to conform, such as charisma, isolation, and/or fear
Use the Learning Resources provided and those you find to analyze your leader and followers as an example of a situational development of a “culture” through conformity, obedience, and social power.
By Day 7
Submit
a 2 - to 3-page research paper in which you do the following:
Describe the leader and followers who are the subject of your analysis.
Analyze how the leader created a distinct “culture” for followers and what elements of a culture were present in the setting.
Analyze how the leader used social power to influence followers.
Analyze elements that created conformity and obedience among the followers.
Explain how your chosen leader’s use of social influence applies to the leaders in your culture (e.g., local, academic, political, or other types of leaders you identify).
Note:
Support the responses within your Assignment with evidence from the assigned Learning Resources and those you found. Provide a reference list for resources you used for this Assignment.
Submission and Grading In.
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Module 3 OverviewEgoism and Relativism; Pluralism and Pragmatism.docx
Module 3 OverviewEgoism and Relativism; Pluralism and Pragmatism.docx
Ethics and the NewsFor Week 4, address the following in a thre.docx
Ethics and the NewsFor Week 4, address the following in a thre.docx
For Week 4, address the following in a three-page paperIdenti.docx
For Week 4, address the following in a three-page paperIdenti.docx
Assignment 1 Discussion Individual FaithIn this course so fa.docx
Assignment 1 Discussion Individual FaithIn this course so fa.docx
Morality Essay. West Virginia Northern Community College
Morality Essay. West Virginia Northern Community College
Ethics, norms, values and beliefs and kohlberg's theory of ethical judgment
Ethics, norms, values and beliefs and kohlberg's theory of ethical judgment
Cultural Relativism and Moral ActionRequired ResourcesReadr.docx
Cultural Relativism and Moral ActionRequired ResourcesReadr.docx
Discussion AutismNo unread replies.No replies.Discussion- Cha
Discussion AutismNo unread replies.No replies.Discussion- Cha
Assignment 1 Conformity and Social InfluenceHow do reasonable p.docx
Assignment 1 Conformity and Social InfluenceHow do reasonable p.docx
More from annrodgerson
Assignment 2 Explain the difference between the following 1. A .docx
Assignment 2
Explain the difference between the following:
1. A population parameter and its point estimate.
2. A population and a corresponding sample mean
3. Explain in your own words: range, variance and standard deviation for a population
Answer Exercises: 2.16, 2.28, 3.3, 3.19, and 3.31
NOTE
: SHOW ALL THE CALCULATIONS - (YOU WILL NOT GET ANY CREDIT IF YOU DO NOT SHOW ALL THE CALCULATIONS
)
REQUIRED TEXT
Business Statistics in Practice, 7/e
By Bruce L. Bowerman, Richard T. O'Connell and Emily S. Murphree
7th Edition ISBN: 978-0-07-352149-7
.
Assignment 2 Exploring the Art of Indigenous Cultures Part 1All .docx
Assignment 2: Exploring the Art of Indigenous Cultures: Part 1
All of the indigenous cultures that we have explored this week were at one time “discovered” by European explorers who often collected traditional art objects to take back with them to Europe as “curiosities.” These
objets d’art
inspired collectors and artists alike and opened the Western world up to new ideas, new cultures, and new art forms.
This is Part 1 of a two-part assignment and spans
Weeks 3 and 4
. Imagine that you are one of these intrepid European explorers who has set out to discover and collect the traditional art forms created by the four cultures we have learned about this week:
India
China
Korea
Japan
As you “travel” and collect two works from each of your four cultures, you need to document some important field notes that will help you to explain what these treasures are upon your return home. These field notes need to include for each work of art:
Name of the culture that produced the object
Title or name of the object
Date of the object
Medium/materials used to create the object
Current location
Assignment Instructions
Using the textbook and Internet sources, locate 2 traditional works of art from India, China, Japan, and Korea. Copy and paste the 8 objects into your Microsoft Word document and label each one:
Name of the culture that produced the object
Title of the work
Date of the work
Medium/materials used to create the work
Current location
Offer a citation of your sources for each image and the information you found in the textbook and on the Internet.
Use your textbook to find out as much as you can about cultural context for each object. Go online and find some reference sources to provide you with more information.
Thoroughly explain and analyze:
What each object is
How you think your European friends back home will react to each object, and why
Why it is culturally important
.
Assignment 2 Discussion—Risk Factors and Protective FactorsResear.docx
Assignment 2: Discussion—Risk Factors and Protective Factors
Research studies have determined many risk factors that can lead to the development of mental health issues and mental illness. These include, but are not limited to, exposure to violence, parental divorce, poverty, genetic predisposition, and dysfunctional parenting. At the same time, there have been children who faced many of these risk factors and overcame them. These children are referred as
resilient
, and researchers have been eager to determine how they were able to thrive under circumstances that undo other children.
Let us explore the information presented in the book
The Other Wes Moore: One Name, Two Fates
by Wes Moore (2010).You can also access the author’s interview with the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in the form of video, audio, or text transcript at the following Web site:
Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) (Producer). (2010).
Author Wes Moore’s book explores his own alternate reality
[Video interview]. Retrieved from
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/entertainment/jan-june10/wesmoore_05-12.html
The following is a synopsis of the book by the publisher:
Wes Moore, the author of the book
The Other Wes Moore: One Name, Two Fates
, was surprised when one day, the police approached him for a crime he did not commit. During the investigation, he came to know of another man who had the same name—Wes Moore. The shared name was not the only coincidence: they had both grown up in the same neighborhood at about the same time. Yet, one Wes Moore went on to become a Rhodes scholar, earn honors in the military, work at the White House, and become a leader in the business community; while the other Wes Moore was sentenced to life in prison. The descriptions of the lives of both Wes Moores are illustrative of the power of heredity and environment in the shaping of a person.
As boys, both Wes Moores grew up in poor, single-parent homes and did not apply themselves in primary and secondary school. The author’s father, a newscaster, died when the author was three years old. He and his two sisters were raised by his widowed mother. Before he was a teen, he became disillusioned with school and began getting into trouble in his neighborhood, even having brushes with the law for petty crimes. His mother decided to send him to military school, but he ran away five times before finally giving the school a chance. Once he decided to stay, he gained a strong sense of purpose and developed a strong work ethic.
Meanwhile, the other Wes Moore, who lived in the same area of Baltimore, was about the same age, and was also being raised by a single mother. He was arrested and convicted for first-degree murder of a police officer during a jewelry store robbery. He is serving a life prison sentence.
Important differences between the childhoods of the two boys are notable. The author had two college-educated parents. His father chose to stay with the family, but died at a relatively young age.
Assignment 2 Discussion—The Impact of CommunicationRemember a tim.docx
Assignment 2: Discussion—The Impact of Communication
Remember a time when you did not have a cell phone? Do you remember the days before texting? This handy pocket technology has revolutionized how we stay connected and how we access and use information today. The growth of our technological society is directly related to the rate at which information can be exchanged. In general, this exchange of information is called communication.
Respond to the following:
Explain the scientific and technical concepts related to communication.
Which types of electromagnetic radiation are typically involved in the process of communication?
How is information transmitted?
What are the main differences between wired and wireless communications?
Describe your perspective on communication technology such as wireless communication, the Internet, and smart phone technology.
Provide at least three examples of communication technology you use in your daily life. Examine the underlying scientific concepts used in this technology.
Consider the developments that have led to the United States’ current infrastructure and make a prediction of the future of communication in society.
Support your statements with examples. Provide a minimum of two scholarly references.
Write your initial response in 3–4 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
By
Sunday, December 14, 2014
, post your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Through
Wednesday, December 17, 2014
, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses.
.
Assignment 2 Discussion—Migration and ImmigrationGlobalization .docx
Assignment 2: Discussion—Migration and Immigration
Globalization has caused extensive shifts in the mobility of people between countries. Economics, political shifts, and increased opportunities for travel have made migration and immigration pervasive. This assignment will explore immigration patterns, focusing on global migration and US immigration.
Consider the recent trends in migration and immigration in the U.S. Using the readings for this module, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, respond to the following:
Examine how and why migration is increasing globally. Address the increasing immigration situation in the U.S.
State and explain your perspective on whether the U.S. is inclusive or exclusive to migrants.
Evaluate the positive and negative aspects of immigration. Be sure to represent both sides.
Support your statements with examples and scholarly references.
Write your initial response in 1–2 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
By
Sunday, June 7, 2015
, post your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Through
Wednesday, June 10, 2015
, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses.
Discussion Grading Criteria and Rubric
.
Assignment 2 Discussion Research Questions for Correlational and.docx
Assignment 2: Discussion: Research Questions for Correlational and Chi-Square Designs
By
Sunday, May 10, 2015
post your response to the prompt in the
Discussion Area
below. Through
Wednesday, May 13, 2015
, Review at least two of your classmates’ responses, and offer your thoughts on their findings and any recommendations you have to enhance the discourse.
Use the
Respond
link to post responses and materials that pertain to this assignment. Use the
Respond
link beneath any existing postings to respond to them.
Discussion
Post a behavioral research situation that could use a Pearson coefficient research study and a chi square research study. Present the rationale for each selection. Be very specific in your presentation.
Respond
This section lists options that can be used to view responses.
.
Assignment 2 Discussion QuestionCorporate leaders often encount.docx
Assignment 2: Discussion Question
Corporate leaders often encounter cynicism from employees when leaders announce that they are presenting a "new" mission or vision statement for the corporation.
Why do you think employees react in this way?
What can leaders do to avoid this skeptical reaction on the part of employees and ensure that the new vision/mission is embraced?
Use examples to support your response.
By
Saturday, December 6, 2014
submit your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Start reviewing and responding to your classmates as early in the module as possible and continue until
Wednesday, December 10, 2014
.
.
Assignment 2 DiscussionDuring Module 5, we have studied socia.docx
Assignment 2: Discussion
During
Module 5
, we have studied social stratification and how it influences what goes on in many social interactions among people. After you have read the reading assignment and lecture for this module, please respond to all parts of the discussion by
Sunday, June 14, 2015
:
What are some of the factors that affect social mobility? Can these be overcome?
Do you believe the structural-functionalist or the social-conflict approach best explains social stratification? Why?
Is it possible for members of a minority group to be racist? Why or why not?
When you think of various groups (race, class, and gender) in society, which ones have the most power and which ones have the least? What and who are some examples? Has this changed over time? Do you think it will change in the future? Why or why not?
Write your responses in two to three paragraphs. Be sure to incorporate terms, concepts, and theory from your readings to support your comments. Remember to respond to the posts of at least two other students in this class
By
Sunday, June 14, 2015
, post your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Review and comment on your peers’ responses. Complete your participation for this assignment by
Tuesday, June 16, 2015
.
.
Assignment 2 Discussion Question Comparison of Theories on Anxie.docx
Assignment 2: Discussion Question: Comparison of Theories on Anxiety Disorders
By
Sunday, June 14, 2015
, respond to the discussion questions below. Submit your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Use the same
Discussion Area
to comment on your classmates' submissions by
Monday, June 15, 2015
, and continue the discussion until
Wednesday, June 17, 2015
.
There are numerous theories that attempt to explain the development and manifestation of psychological disorders. Some researchers hold that certain disorders result from learned behaviors (behavioral theory), while other researchers believe that there is a genetic or biological basis to psychological disorders (medical model), while still others hold that psychological disorders stem from unresolved unconscious conflict (psychoanalytic theory). How would each of these theoretical viewpoints explain anxiety disorders? Does one explain the development and manifestation of anxiety disorders better than the others?
.
Assignment 2 Discussion - Global ManagementThis assignment is d.docx
Assignment 2: Discussion - Global Management
This assignment is designed to integrate the reflection of personal experience and the information covered in the textbook.
A
ssuming
you are
Ludmilla
responding to a recent email from Juanita, answer the following questions:
Besides cultural differences, what other factors might affect human resource management with this international office?
What abilities will help Juanita succeed and potentially fail in this assignment as an expatriate?
What has been the reason for the high failure rate of expatirate managers in Uzbekistan? What can Ludmilla do to increase the success of expats?
Since Uzbekistan has been significantly influenced by Russia for over 70 years, from Hofstede’s perspective, what impact has culture had on appraisal systems, self- managing teams, and systems for gathering suggestions from workers?
By
Sunday, March 22, 2015
submit your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Use the same
Discussion Area
to comment on your classmates' submissions and continue the discussion until
Wednesday, March 25, 2015
.
Comment on how your classmates would address differing views.
.
Assignment 2 Directions Enter your Name Here =è XXXXXXXXXX.docx
Assignment 2 Directions
Enter your Name Here =
è
XXXXXXXXXX
Assignment 2 is divided into two documents: Assignment 2 Theory (50% of the assignment grade) and Assignment 2 Hands-on (50% of the assignment grade).
Most requirements of this assignment will require you to research answers from your text book (you must read the text book to get some answers), from the Internet, or any other reasonable source. Many Internet sources, video links, text book and Blackboard presentation reference are provided to help you START your research. I have found that any single Internet source is very incomplete and the format may not conducive for most answers required. Some students do not READ the text book or review the Power Point presentation provided to you in Blackboard.
Some answers are only available from my power point presentations or update notes.
You may cut-and-paste answers whenever appropriate, you should take care to synthesize your answers to include multiple sources. I would be impressed that you consult a Google image search and paste and
appropriate
image to supplement your answer.
While I permit cut-and-paste, I do expect you use your own words so that you:
1. Organize the answer
2. Demonstrate that you have read what you have cut-and-pasted
3. Use any means that clearly displays that you have gained knowledge.
If you are LEARNING the subject matter there should be no problem. If you cut-and-paste and pray that it might answer the question you will be penalized. I hate irrelevant cut-and-paste BS.
The content of each student's assignment may NOT be copied from any other current or past student enrolled in this class. Each assignment is to be prepared by ONE student.
Assignments are NOT a group-prepared assignment. Copying and pasting assignment any portion of the requirements from another student either enrolled in the current semester and or a previous semester is an act of plagiarism according to the RMU Academic Integrity Policy.
Any assignment found to be "too much alike" will be subject to a grade of zero for all parties concerned. Such an act constitutes a violation of the Robert Morris University Academic Integrity Policy.
The instructor reserves the right to review past assignments with students who are unable to prepare assignments during the hands-on portion of the exam to determine the student's mastery of the assignment's objectives. The assignment grade based upon the result of the instructor's review.
On-ground tests may be used to compare the student’s knowledge to performance on assignments.
All acts of plagiarism will be submitted the RMU Academic Integrity Board to determine university-wide penalties.
You, however, may discuss assignment requirements, assist other students with debugging programs or other hands-on-requirements, tutor students, or provide other advice that may assist the students in acquiring knowledge. But the actual preparation of an individual assignment must hav.
Assignment 2 Demographic TransitionsDemographic transition is the.docx
Assignment 2: Demographic Transitions
Demographic transition is the process in which a nation transitions from being a less industrialized society, with high birth and death rates, to an industrialized nation, with lower birth and death rates. Many countries have already been through this transition including the United States, England, and Canada.
The demographic transition to an industrialized society is detrimental for the environment because industrialized societies tend to use up nonrenewable resources and give off pollution. Industrialized nations have the largest ecological and carbon footprint relative to developing or nonindustrialized countries. Fortunately, there are some benefits to the process of demographic transition, including lower birth and death rates. Essentially, people in industrialized countries have fewer children and this in turn helps control the overall population size.
Demographic transition involves the following five stages:
Stage 1
High birth rate, high death rate, low population size
Stage 2
High birth rate, decreasing death rate, increasing population size
Stage 3
Decreasing birth rate, decreasing death rate, increasing population size
Stage 4
Low birth rate, low death rate, high population size
Stage 5
Low birth rate, low death rate, population size decreasing
It should be noted that stage 5 is controversial, and it is sometimes not considered to be a stage. This is partially because so few countries are at this stage.
The following graph depicts the various stages of demographic transition:
Using the stages listed above, create a demographic and environmental timeline for one industrialized country, excluding the United States. The following are a few suggested industrialized nations:
Canada
England
Germany
Russia
Italy
You can
download
the Demographic and Environmental Timeline—United States of America to review an example of such a timeline.
Include the following points in your timeline in order to examine the advantages and drawbacks of demographic transition in your selected country:
Major historical changes that caused the shift from one stage to another (if available).
Changing population size through time (increasing or decreasing).
Increase or decrease of birth and death rates through time—particularly when considering the process of industrialization.
Environmental impact of this transition.
Dates (if available), series of events, and scholarly references for these items.
Support your timeline with appropriate examples and a minimum of three credible resources.
Present your timeline in a media that best displays the information you researched. This can be in Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, or Microsoft PowerPoint. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.doc, LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.xls, or LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.ppt.
By
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
, deliver your assignment to the
M2: Assignment 2 Dropbox
.
Assignm.
Assignment 2 Current Events and U.S. DiplomacyThis paper will be .docx
Assignment 2: Current Events and U.S. Diplomacy
This paper will be a revised and expanded version of the first research paper. Based on your instructor’s feedback, you will first revise the first paper.
Write three-to-four (3-4) new pages that address the following:
Define presidential doctrine and summarize the regional or global events during the Cold War leading up to the formation of the presidential doctrine you wrote about in Assignment 1.
Select one country you wrote about in Assignment 1 and describe the Cold War relationship that existed between the country you selected and the U.S. before the presidential doctrine was announced.
Describe the relationship that currently exists between the U.S. and the country you selected in section (2) above.
Describe the effect that the presidential doctrine has had on regional or global affairs since it was announced during the Cold War.
Assess whether or not the presidential doctrine you wrote about in Assignment 1 doctrine had had the intended effect of altering the behavior of the country you selected in section (2) above since the doctrine was first announced.
Use at least four (4) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
To help you understand this assignment further, the following description and examples may be useful.
Step 1:
Define doctrine and identify why a president would want to announce one.
A doctrine is an ideological platform that a president uses to advance a policy towards a country or region in order to accomplish foreign policy goals for the United States, so you will need to expand on this theme.
Refer back to Assignment 1, and build on whatever doctrine you wrote about then. Say, for example, you selected the Truman Doctrine. Therefore, this is the only thing you will write about in Assignment 2 step 1.
Step 2:
Select one country you wrote about in Assignment 1 and describe the Cold War relationship that existed between it and the U.S.
Before the presidential doctrine was announced. In the case of Truman, you would pick either the Soviet Union, Greece, or Iran, since all three were affected by his doctrine. If you are writing about the Eisenhower Doctrine, you would choose Lebanon or Egypt; if you wrote about the Kennedy Doctrine, you would have write about Cuba or Vietnam; if your wrote about the Nixon Doctrine, you would choose either Vietnam, Saudi Arabia or Iran; if you chose Carter, you would select either Iran or Afghanistan; and if you wrote about the Reagan Doctrine, you would select Nicaragua, Angola, Russia or Afghanistan (although there were several others).
Step 3:
Describe what effect the presidential doctrine you chose has had on regional or global affairs since it was announced during the Cold War.
That is, how did the doctrine change the status quo regionally or globally after it was announced by the U.S.? What happened in Western Europe after the Truman.
Assignment 2 CybersecurityWe use computers and electronic systems.docx
Assignment 2: Cybersecurity
We use computers and electronic systems to run and store just about everything. Personal computers and the Internet are now included as part of the Department of Homeland Security's cybersecurity issues.
Cybersecurity involves protecting the information by preventing, detecting, and responding to attacks on information that is housed in technology.
There are many levels of risks in cybersecurity, some more serious and damaging than others. Among these dangers are:
Viruses erasing the entire system.
Individuals breaking into personal computer systems and altering the systems' files.
Individuals using personal computers to attack others' computer systems.
Individuals stealing credit card information and making unauthorized purchases.
Unfortunately, there is no 100% guarantee that even with the best precautions some of these things won't happen. Risk reduction steps exist to minimize vulnerability to information.
Tasks:
Create a PowerPoint Presentation containing 6–8 slides to address the following:
Analyze and discuss the vulnerabilities and recommend what security management can do to minimize the potential of a government or private organization being at risk for cybersecurity damage.
Outline the steps you recommend and identify any impediments to successfully implementing the suggested cybersecurity program.
Support your presentation with at least three outside scholarly resources using APA in-text citations. Add detailed speaker notes for each of the slides.
Submission Details:
Save the presentation as M4_A2_Lastname_Firstname.ppt.
By
Wednesday, November 5, 2014
, submit your presentation to the
M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Analyzed and discussed the vulnerabilities and recommended what security management can do to minimize the potential of a government or private organization being at risk for cybersecurity damage.
40
Outlined the steps recommended and identified any impediments to successfully implementing the suggested cybersecurity program.
40
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
Assignment 2 Decision-making and Philosophy Part II Philosophy and.docx
Assignment 2: Decision-making and Philosophy Part II: Philosophy and the Community
Whereas Part I focused on how you as an individual are impacted by a particular decision, Part II focuses on the individual as a member of a community. Thus, you will write an eight- to ten-page research paper based upon a current event/pressing social issue that is relevant to your community. You should address the following points in your analysis:
Identify a social issue
Identify news articles that present at least two different points-of-view on the issue
Explain why the issue is relevant to your community
Explain the nature of religious belief and identify the social norms and religious values/beliefs that inform the various perspectives on the issue
Explain a relevant ethical theory
Explain a relevant political theory
Analyze how the chosen theories might approach the issue, including the relevant considerations and the ultimate conclusion reached. You will be expected to explain the relevant theories with support from the course texts (with particular emphasis placed on the primary texts) and from pre-approved secondary sources (including, but not limited to, the course text, online lectures, and a list of suggested online resources).
.
Assignment 2 Court StandardsTasksExplore court standards, rule.docx
Assignment 2: Court Standards
Tasks:
Explore court standards, rules, and regulations and the differences among them for selecting and approving professional witnesses and determining admissibility of expert testimony. Use resources from professional literature and conduct research to support your responses. Professional literature may include relevant textbooks; peer-reviewed journal articles; and websites created by professional organizations, agencies, or institutions (.edu, .org, and .gov).
Write a 3- to 4-page paper, including the following:
What standards are used by courts to determine who is an expert witness?
What standards are used by courts to determine the admissibility of expert testimony?
What are the responsibilities of the expert witness in sentencing, commitment, and competencies between civil and criminal courts?
Submission Details:
Save your paper as M2_A2_Lastname_Firstname.doc. By
Wednesday, October 8, 2014
, post it to the
M2 Assignment 2 Dropbox
.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Identified and described the standards used by courts to determine who is an expert witness.
24
Identified and described the standards used by courts to determine the admissibility of expert testimony.
24
Identified and described the differences between standards for sentencing, commitment, and competencies in civil and criminal courts.
20
Provided examples and references.
16
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; and displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
16
Total:
100
.
Assignment 2 Controversy Surrounding the Patriot ActThe USA Patri.docx
Assignment 2: Controversy Surrounding the Patriot Act
The USA Patriot Act was created to protect the United States against terrorism. The USA Patriot Act is an extensive piece of legislation that includes amendments to many other laws. The act has proved to be controversial because of the way it was introduced after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the U.S. Since Congress at that time was extremely receptive to increasing law enforcement capabilities to fight terrorism, it passed the Patriot Act with virtually no debate.
One of the controversial sections of the act extends the capabilities of law enforcement to searching and wiretapping and includes provisions for gag orders. While conducting a search, the law enforcement officials are provided the authority to curtail certain rights of the subject of the search.
Also, the law enforcement authorities may not disclose any information to the media or other authorities while conducting the search. The investment of such powers to law enforcement authorities has been praised by some and criticized by others.
For more information on the USA Patriot Act review the website
http://www.
justice.gov/archive/ll/highlights.htm
.
Tasks:
Write a paper comprising 3–5 pages, keeping in mind the following points:
Analyze the impact the USA Patriot Act has had on security management in the private and government sectors.
Analyze at least two principle legal complaints about constitutional rights.
Analyze at least two benefits that accrue to individuals attempting to use the USA Patriot Act to pursue terrorists to improve security in the United States.
Use at least three scholarly resources from the Argosy University online library to support your paper. Use APA in-text citations to cite the sources.
Submission Details:
Save your document as M2_A2_Lastname_Firstname.doc.
By
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
, submit your final document to the
M2: Assignment 2 Dropbox
.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Analyzed and explained the impact of the USA Patriot Act on security management in the private and government sectors.
20
Articulated the legal aspects and challenges associated with the USA Patriot Act.
28
Analyzed and discussed the benefits the USA Patriot Act has had against terrorism and toward preventing the breach of security in the United States.
32
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
Assignment 2 Construction Law PaperIn this assignment, you wi.docx
Assignment 2: Construction Law Paper
In this assignment, you will create a 4-6 page research paper summarizing the field of construction law. Your paper should include the following items:
Provide an overview of the court system as a whole and the role it plays within the construction industry.
Discuss the pros and cons of litigation from the viewpoint of a project manager or general contractor.
Compare and contrast the different types of contract documents, contractual relationships and legal entities. Discuss how these different contracts affect construction projects before, during, and after actual construction.
Explore the role of labor unions and discuss how the law affects them directly.
Analyze how plans/specifications help to determine liability and how this is enforced.
Explain how project changes and additions are handled legally.
Provide a plan for handling delays associated with construction projects and explore the use of liquidated damages.
Discuss in detail the topics of contract breach, tort and dispute resolution.
Explore the application of laws to bidding and negotiating practices as well as pricing in general.
Support the paper with research from the online course material, text, and outside sources if necessary. Properly cite all sources using the APA format.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Included an extensive summary of the field of construction law and provided an overview of the court system and the role it plays within the construction industry.
30
Discussed the pros and cons of litigation from the viewpoint of a project manager or general contractor.
30
Evaluated the different types of contract documents, contractual relationships and legal entities and discussed how these different contracts affect construction projects before, during, and after actual construction.
30
Explored the role of labor unions and discussed how the law affects them directly.
30
Provided a plan for handling delays associated with construction projects and explored the use of liquidated damages.
30
Discussed in detail the topics of contract breach, tort and dispute resolution and explored the application of laws to bidding and negotiating practices as well as pricing in general.
30
Used correct grammar, spelling, organization, usage, style, writing mechanics, research methods, and compliance with APA standards.
10
Supported the paper with references to the online course material, text, personal experience, and other outside sources if necessary and conformed to APA standards.
10
Total:
200
.
Assignment 2 Community Prevention ProgramAfter hearing that a nei.docx
Assignment 2: Community Prevention Program
After hearing that a neighbor’s child, Jeremy, age seven, was sexually assaulted in the local park, the parents of Cherry Hill township decide that their community needs a program to prevent sexual abuse of their children in the future.
Prepare a presentation for the parents, providing pertinent information they might like to include in a Sexual Assault Prevention program aimed at the children in their community. Suggest the psychoeducational and supportive approaches that can be effectively used at the community level, such as in community centers, schools, and social service agencies, to provide this information to the children. Address issues of gender, diversity, and ethics in your presentation.
Submit your PowerPoint presentation to the
W2: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by
Wednesday, July 1, 2015
. Your response should be at least 5 - 6 slides and include speaker notes for each slide. In addition, make sure you have included a title slide and a reference slide.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Analyzed pertinent information they deem relevant to the development of a Sexual Assault Prevention program
25
Described the psychoeducational information and supportive approaches that the community can effectively use to deal with the issue of sexual abuse of children
30
Addressed the issues of gender, diversity, and ethics in the context of intervention approaches
25
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources, displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
Assignment 2 Communicating Bad News Leaders and managers often ha.docx
Assignment 2: Communicating Bad News
Leaders and managers often have to deliver unpleasant or difficult information to other employees or other internal or external stakeholders. How well this news is delivered can affect employee relations as well as public perceptions.
Review the following scenario:
A new company claims it manufactures the best dog food in the market. It employs around 250 people worldwide. After six months in business, one of the company’s brands is found to contain harmful bacteria. Overnight, reports start pouring in from all over the country about pets falling sick, some critically. The company wants to communicate with its stakeholders through a memo before major news channels start to cover the disease.
Assume that you are an assistant to the company’s chairperson. Based on your analysis of the scenario and using the tips you learned in this module, draft two memos for the chairperson. One memo should address the board of directors and the other the company’s employees.
Make assumptions about whether it is the food product that has bacteria or if there is another explanation for the pets’ sickness.
Write a 1–2-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.doc.
By
Wednesday, June 20, 2015
, submit your assignment to the
M2: Assignment 2 Dropbox
.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Effectively utilized the tips covered in the module, to write an appropriate memo addressing the board of directors to convey the bad news.
28
Effectively utilized the tips covered in the module, to write a suitable memo addressing the company’s employees to convey the bad news.
28
Made appropriate assumptions when explaining the reasons for the pets’ sickness.
24
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; and displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
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