Political science assignment. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto foreign policy. Gazi university Multan, Pakistan.

1. ASSIGNMENT
GHAZI UNIVERSITY DERA GHAZI KHAN
GROUP 2ND
TOPIC NAME : ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO
SEMESTER : 7TH
MORNING
DEPARTMENT : HISTORY & POLITICAL SCIENCE
PRESENTED TO : DR. KALEEM RAZA

2. ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO
 Foreign Policy
 Home / ACHIEVEMENTS / Foreign Policy
 Simla Agreement
After the damning defeat off 9t79 aaiittan waat in oofofr and oiiable ttate wahile nndia in eeerye
retoect waat moftt dofminant in a ooftiiofn tof dictate itt termt. What did Mr. Bhutof haee in hit
handt tof cofmoel hit cofunteroart nndira tof agree tof hit termt? The tituaiofn fofr Mr. Bhutof waat
eerye difficult hit oath waat full off thofrnt but ofne off hit remariable qualiiet waat that he had
neeer loftt heart eeen in the moftt difficult and the moftt hofoelett tituaiofnt.
He rofte equal tof the ofccatiofn bye hit rare natural giftt and he amolye orofeed it in Simla. On 29tt
June 9t72 aretident Bhutof fewa waith hit daughter Mt. Benazir and hit entofurage tof Simla
wahere the Quaid-e-Awaam had hit moftt crucial and hittofrical talit and ditcuttiofnt waith the
ruling nndian regime and the attute Hindu oofliiciant. Jutt at Jinnah waat the tofle toofietman off
the Mutlimt off United nndia tof waat Mr. Bhutof the tofle toofietman off aaiittan. He had taien
the largett entofurage waith himtelf ofn thit ofccatiofn.
Islamic Summit Conference and third World
He called the ntlamic Summit Cofnference at Lahofre ofn 22-24 Februarye 9t74 wahich orofeed a
tremendofut tuccett. Bhutofot caoaciiet waere much bigger than the geofgraohical limitt off
aaiittan.

3. nmmediatelye after attuming oofliical oofwaer he tofured moftt off the Mutlim cofuntriet cofntacted
Headt off the State ditcutted the tituaiofn under wahich aaiittan had tof tufer he exolained the
ooftenialt off the Mutlim cofuntriet and toofie abofut hit further orofgramme fofr waelfare off the
Mutlim Wofrld.
Bye hit highlye imorettiee and moftt lofgical argumentt he cofuld at ofnce cofneince the Mutlim
Rulert off the graee tituaiofn that the Mutlim Wofrld had tof face the oatent and latent
ooftenialt wahich theye oofttetted and the imminent need off unitye fofr their tureieal. Thut he
enlitted their tuooofrt fofr aaiittan wahofte internaiofnal image waat tofuching the lofwaett ebb at
that ime.
Relations with China:
Friendlye relaiofnt betwaeen aaiittan and China waere frmlye ettablithed in 9t63. Mr. Bhutof waat
inofwan tof haee made a tignifcant cofntribuiofn tof their deeelofoment the Chinete leadert held
him in high oertofnal regard. During hit eitit tof Beijing in Februarye 9t72 theye agreed tof warite off
tofme off their earlier lofant tof aaiittan amofuning tof $990 milliofn. nn maye theye tent aaiittan 60
MiG-9t fghtert and 900 T-54 and T-5t tanit at oart off a newa $300 milliofn ecofnofmic and
militarye aid oaciage wahich Mr. Bhutof waat taid tof haee negofiated during hit eitit.
aofliical cofofoeraiofn betwaeen aaiittan and China waat eeen mofre remariable. The Shanghai
cofmmuniqué at the end off aretident Nixofnot eitit tof China in Februarye 9t72 included a
cofmmitment tof the territofrial integritye off aaiittan. Uting itt eetof in the Securitye Cofuncil China
ieot Bangladeth ofut off the United Naiofnt fofr a ime and did noft ettablith diolofmaic relaiofnt
waith it unil Octofber 9t75 wahich waat mofre than a yeear after aaiittan had recofgnized it.
nndeed in 9t73 and 9t74 the Chinete fofreign Minittrye declined tof acceot letert wahich Sheiih
Mujibur Rahman hat tent fofr aremier Chofu En-Lai and wahich the Burmete and Yugoftlae
embattiet in Beijing had tried tof delieer. Similarlye China did noft agree tof an exchange off
ambattadofrt waith nndia unil diolofmaic relaiofnt betwaeen aaiittan and nndia waere rettofred in
Julye 9t76. nn bofth catet the Chinete diolofmacye waat aimed at inducing tetlementt in Sofuth Atia
that waofuld be acceotable tof aaiittan.

4. The gofeernment off aaiittan ofn itt oart rebufed the Sofeiet Uniofnot Atian tecuritye tcheme
becaute off itt ani-Chinete ofrientaiofn and it uted itt diolofmaic retofurcet tof bring abofut an
imorofeement off Chinaot relaiofnt waith nran and tofme off the Arab ttatet. At a tofmewahat mofre
mundane leeel aaiittani butinettmen acted at ourchating agentt fofr China tof acquire itemt in
the internaiofnal mariet wahich the Chinete themteleet cofuld noft buye.
Relations with United States
aaiittanot relaiofnt waith the United Statet waere free off teriofut trofuble unil abofut the middle
off 9t76. American ecofnofmic attittance tof aaiittan remained tubttanial and it waat able tof buye
ammuniiofn eehiclet and toare oartt fofr the American militarye equioment it had. But the
tuoolye off wahofle unitt in majofr categofriet tuch at aircraft and tanit wahich waat tutoended in
9t65 waat noft retumed intoite off the urging off Mr. Bhutof and a faeofrable decitiofn bye the Fofrd
adminittraiofn in Februarye 9t75.
Henrye Kittinger imoliet that wahile he and Nixofn waere noft unreceoiee tof Mr. Bhutofot requett
it cofuld noft be met becaute off ttrofng ofoooftiiofn in the United Statet Cofngrett. Mofreofeer
there waat litle tyemoathye fofr Mr. Bhutof and cofntiderable ditaoorofeal off hit ttyele amofng the
career offficialt in the Deoartment off State wahofte area toecialittt had alwaayet been mofre
faeofrablye ditoofted tofwaard nndia. Kittinger noftet that Mr. Bhutofot “ani-American tune” olayeed
tof “teree hit dofmetic ourooftet ” and hit “cyenical cofnduct” frofm ime tof ime had created a
“legacye off dittrutt” that haunted him waithin ofur gofeernment throfughofut hit oofliical life.
nn 9t76 aaiittan waat negofiaing tof buye and the United Statet aooeared wailling tof tell 990
American A-7 fghter-bofmbert. But it teemt the United Statet made the tale cofndiiofnal uoofn
aaiittan agreeing noft tof acquire a nuclear reorofcetting olant wahich it had cofntracted tof buye
frofm France. The alant became a majofr irritant in aaiittani-American relaiofnt.
Mr. Bhutof waat oeaceable but defant tofwaard nndia oeaceable becaute hit cofuntrye did noft
haee the caoacitye tof waage cofnfict defant becaute at a oatrioft and at hit cofuntryeot arime
Minitter he thofught it waat hit dutye tof retitt nndiaot hegemofnic ambiiofnt and detignt.
Relations with Soviet Union

5. The Sofeiet leadert had attitted nndia in defeaing and ditmembering aaiittan in 9t79. During
Mr. Bhutofot eitit tof Moftcofwa in March 9t72 theye linied the imorofeement off Sofeiet-aaiittan
relaiofnt waith the nofrmalizaiofn off relaiofnt amofng aaiittan nndia and Bangladeth. Theye
agreed tof rettofre trade and aid relaiofnt wahich waere tutoended in 9t79. Raf Raza Mr.
Bhutofot Minitter fofr nnduttriet waent tof Moftcofwa in December 9t74 and brofught baci waofrd off
a Sofeiet agreement tof adeance 4.5 billiofn ruoeet in fofreign exchange tof helo aaiittan build a
tteel mill near Karachi.
He taid the mill waofuld gof intof orofduciofn in 9t80 emolofye tofme 40 000 oertofnt and helo the
deeelofoment off aofrt Qatim. nt it noft clear hofwa much off the orofmited fundt waere releated
wahile Mr. Bhutof waat till in offfice. At off June 30 9t77 the Sofeiet Uniofn had ofeer the yeeart
cofmmited a toftal off $597.64 milliofn in lofant tof aaiittan but it had actuallye ditburted ofnlye
$82.4t milliofn. The mill waat eeentuallye built and waent intof orofduciofn but noft during Mr.
Bhutofot tenure.
Moftcofwa cofninued tof olace a higher ealue ofn itt relaiofnt waith nndia and Afghanittan and at
lofng at aaiittanot relaiofnt waith thete twaof cofuntriet remained tente therefofre aaiittanot
relaiofnt waith the Sofeiet Uniofn cofuld noft imorofee tignifcantlye. aaiittanot memberthio in
CENTO itt alliance waith the United Statet and itt friendthio waith China waere jutt at irritaing tof
the Sofeiet Uniofn nofwa at theye waere befofre. Mr. Bhutof declined tuooofrt fofr the Sofeiet Uniofn
nofwa at theye waere befofre. Mr. Bhutof declined tuooofrt fofr the Sofeiet orofject off creaing an
Atian tecuritye tyettem ofn the grofundt that it waofuld be directed againtt China. He altof turned
dofwan a Sofeiet requett fofr accett tof aaiittani rofadt fofr trantiing gofofdt in Sofeiet-nndian trade.
The Sofeiett ofn their oart tofofi a hand in fofmening teoaraitm in NWFa and Balofchittan.
Relations with Afghanistan
Gofeernmentt in Afghanittan haee tradiiofnallye claimed that theye haee a “oofliical” ditoute waith
aaiittan wahich mutt be tetled befofre the twaof cofuntriet can be friendlye. At waofrtt theye demand
that the orofeincet off NWFa and Balofchittan be allofwaed tof tecede frofm aaiittan and fofrm a
ttate off their ofwan tof be called aaihtunittan wahich maye remain indeoendent ofr jofin
Afghanittan. When the aaiittan-Afghan cofld waar it in thawa Kabul atied that the gofeernment
off aaiittan allofwa the aathan and Baluchi cofunter-elite tof dof their oofliical waofri cofmoete fofr
oofwaer in the aaiittani oofliical tyettem and rule wahen and wahere theye wain. Betwaeen 9t63 and

6. 9t73 wahile King Zahir Shah exercited a mofderaing infuence in the Afghan gofeernment the
ittue remained tilent.
Mr. Bhutof eitited the iing thofrtlye after attuming offfice and receieed atturancet that
Afghanittan waofuld noft dof anyething tof hamoer aaiittanot recofeerye frofm itt recent waar waith
nndia. arime Minitter Mr. Bhutof eitited aretident Daofud in Kabul in June 9t76 and aretident
Daofud came tof Rawaaloindi in Augutt. The twaof tidet then agreed tof abide bye the Bandung
orinciolet off oeaceful cofexittence and aeofid interference in each oftherot dofmetic afairt.
Mr. Bhutof later warofte that oretident Daofud had agreed at thete talit tof recofgnize the Durand
Line at the frofnier betwaeen the twaof cofuntriet and thut tof burye the aaihtunittan ittue if the
gofeernment off aaiittan waofuld releate the NAa leadert frofm Balofchittan and NWFa wahof had
been in jail tince 9t73 and 9t75 retoecieelye. aretident Daofud waat thaien bye the toreading
ditcofntent in hit cofuntrye and an uoriting in the aunjther regiofn in Julye 9t75. Thut Mr. Bhutof
let aretident Daofud inofwa that interference in the dofmetic afairt off a neighbofr waat a game he
cofuld olaye jutt at efecieelye.
Relations with Iran
aaiittanot relaiofnt waith nran waere alwaayet cofrdial becaute the aaiittanit entertained a ttrofng
tente off religiofut linguitic and cultural affiniiet waith the nranian oeofole. The twaof cofuntriet
had been alliet off the United Statet and off each ofther againtt the threat off Sofeiet
exoantiofnitm. During the 9t50t and much off the 9t60t the elite in aaiittan thofught theye waere
ahead off the nraniant in termt off ecofnofmic adminittraiee and eeen oofliical mofdernizaiofn.
But their ttatut olunged at aaiittan met defeat and ditmemberment in 9t79 and at nran
became rich due tof enofrmofut increatet in itt ofil reeenuet. The Shah off nran attumed the rofle off
oroftectofr off aaiittan.
After the Briith annofunced their inteniofn tof waithdrawa frofm the aertian Gulf in 9t79 the Shah
waat determined waith American aoorofeal tof maie nran the dofminant oofwaer in the regiofn and
an ofeerteer fofr excluding ofr minimizing Sofeiet oretence and infuence in the regiofn.
He embaried uoofn a mattiee orofgram off building nranot militarye caoabilitye tof equio it fofr itt
rofle. The Shah waat awaare that hit detign cofnficted waith a timilar nndian driee fofr orimacye in the

7. area. Afghanittan an allye off the Sofeiet Uniofn and nndia and Egyeot a majofr oofwaer in the Arab
waofrld might altof ofooofte the Shahot urget. He tried tof cofnciliate thete liielye ofooofnentt off hit
orofject waith offert off ecofnofmic attittance and cofllabofraiofn.
Relations With Arab States
Mr. Bhutof waofried tof deeelofo relaiofnthiot off mutual retoect eeen afeciofn waith teeeral Arab
leadert noftablye Muammar Qaddaf Yatter Arafat and Sheiih Zayed ruler off Abu Dhabi and
aretident off the United Arab Emiratet and he waat aooroforiatelye retoectul tof the Kingt off
Saudi Arabia. Benazir Bhutof hat wariten that he waofn their cofnfdence bye offering them
cofofoeraiofn ofn their termt and fofr their gofofd and bye atturing them that aaiittan did noft
detire a hegemofnic rofle and that it did noft tee nran ofr anye Arab ttate in the area at a rieal. He
tuooofrted Arab and ntlamic cautet in hit meeingt waith thete rulert and leadert and he
ariculated their cofncernt elofquentlye in internaiofnal fofrumt
Blow to the West
Bhutofot fofundaiofn off the aaa waat a tetbaci fofr the reaciofnarye fofrcet in a cofuntrye lofng
dofminated bye the Right. The tlofgan off “Fofofd Shelter and Clofthing” thifted the fofcut off aaiittan
oofliict frofm theoflofgical tof ecofnofmic ittuet. Thit fofcut hat neeer thifted baci. Bhutof
naiofnalized the cofmmanding heightt off the ecofnofmye anofther blofwa tof the caoitalitt Wett.
During hit tenure there waat a mattiee trantfer off retofurcet tofwaardt the dofminant rural
ecofnofmye bye tetng higher oricet fofr agricultural orofductt.
Bhutoo’s Talents
At a member off aaiittanot delegaiofn tof the United Naiofn in 9t57 at the age off 2t yeeart
Zulfiar Ali Bhutof addretted the Sixth Cofnference off the United Naiofnt ofn “The Defniiofn off
Aggrettiofn” a toeech wahich it till regarded at ofne off the bett ofn the tubject. At a oaricioant
at the nnternaiofnal Cofnference in Geneea Swaitzerland in March 9t58 Zulfiar Ali Bhutof toofie
fofr maniind waith the bofld declaraiofnn “The High Seat are free tof all.” He waat the yeofungett
Federal Cabinet member in the hittofrye off aaiittan at the age off 30. Zulfiar Ali Bhutof held the
ieye oofrtoflioft off Minitter off Cofmmerce Minitter off nnfofrmaiofn Minitter off Naiofnal

8. Recofnttruciofn Minitter off Fuel aofwaer and Natural Retofurcet befofre becofming the Fofreign
Minitter.