1) Previous studies found a positive relationship between renewable energy capacity growth and feed-in tariff (FIT) policies using simple models, but these could not establish causality due to omitted variable bias.
2) More sophisticated fixed effects models that control for country-specific traits found smaller effects of FITs, suggesting previous results were overstated due to unobserved factors.
3) Using a new measure of FIT strength (SFIT) that accounts for tariff levels, contract duration and generation costs provides a more nuanced view - SFIT had a statistically significant positive relationship with solar and wind capacity growth, indicating FIT policies have effectively driven renewable energy deployment in Europe.
Xcel Energy announced lower earnings for the first quarter of 2005 compared to the same period in 2004. Income from continuing operations was $126 million compared to $149 million in 2004. Total earnings including discontinued operations were $121 million compared to $150 million in 2004. The earnings decline was largely due to lower short-term wholesale margins, higher depreciation expense, and higher utility operating and maintenance expenses. Xcel Energy maintained its 2005 earnings guidance.
Présentation de Paolo Verme, Senior Poverty Specialist, World Bank, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
This document provides an overview and summary of a financial forum held by AGA Financial from May 1-3, 2005. It includes forward-looking statements and discusses key assumptions, strategies, and financial projections for Xcel Energy and its regulated utility subsidiaries. The strategy involves low-risk investments in regulated utility assets to earn the authorized rate of return and achieve a total return objective of 7-9% per year for shareholders.
3 q08 financial and operationg results presentationEquatorial
Equatorial Energia reported its operating and financial results for 3Q08. Key highlights include:
- CEMAR's energy losses decreased slightly to 28.6% while Light's losses held steady at 20.5%.
- Total energy sales for CEMAR and Light increased 3.8% to 6,607 GWh.
- Consolidated revenues grew 10.3% to R$587.4 million for 3Q08 and 7.5% to R$1,698.8 million year-to-date.
- EBITDA increased 24.9% to R$208.4 million for 3Q08 and 11.1% to R$546.9 million for
Exelon Corporation is America's largest utility company, powering over 10 million customers across 6 regulated utility companies. In 2021, Exelon announced plans to separate into two publicly traded companies - Exelon Utilities which will include the regulated utilities, and Exelon Generation which will include competitive power generation and customer-facing energy businesses. The document provides an overview of Exelon's business history, financial performance, and challenges relating to competition and environmental regulation.
Redistribution through Minimum Wage Regulation: An Analysis of Program Linkag...NBER
This document analyzes the program linkages and budgetary spillovers of minimum wage regulation using data from recent federal minimum wage increases. It finds that wages increased for some low-skilled workers but employment declined significantly. While safety net programs provided some income replacement, earnings and tax revenues decreased substantially. Overall, the analysis suggests minimum wage increases reallocated income from employers and taxpayers to low-wage workers, with program and tax revenue spillovers of approximately $1-2 billion annually.
Xcel Energy announced lower earnings for the first quarter of 2005 compared to the same period in 2004. Income from continuing operations was $126 million compared to $149 million in 2004. Total earnings including discontinued operations were $121 million compared to $150 million in 2004. The earnings decline was largely due to lower short-term wholesale margins, higher depreciation expense, and higher utility operating and maintenance expenses. Xcel Energy maintained its 2005 earnings guidance.
Présentation de Paolo Verme, Senior Poverty Specialist, World Bank, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.
This document provides an overview and summary of a financial forum held by AGA Financial from May 1-3, 2005. It includes forward-looking statements and discusses key assumptions, strategies, and financial projections for Xcel Energy and its regulated utility subsidiaries. The strategy involves low-risk investments in regulated utility assets to earn the authorized rate of return and achieve a total return objective of 7-9% per year for shareholders.
3 q08 financial and operationg results presentationEquatorial
Equatorial Energia reported its operating and financial results for 3Q08. Key highlights include:
- CEMAR's energy losses decreased slightly to 28.6% while Light's losses held steady at 20.5%.
- Total energy sales for CEMAR and Light increased 3.8% to 6,607 GWh.
- Consolidated revenues grew 10.3% to R$587.4 million for 3Q08 and 7.5% to R$1,698.8 million year-to-date.
- EBITDA increased 24.9% to R$208.4 million for 3Q08 and 11.1% to R$546.9 million for
Exelon Corporation is America's largest utility company, powering over 10 million customers across 6 regulated utility companies. In 2021, Exelon announced plans to separate into two publicly traded companies - Exelon Utilities which will include the regulated utilities, and Exelon Generation which will include competitive power generation and customer-facing energy businesses. The document provides an overview of Exelon's business history, financial performance, and challenges relating to competition and environmental regulation.
Redistribution through Minimum Wage Regulation: An Analysis of Program Linkag...NBER
This document analyzes the program linkages and budgetary spillovers of minimum wage regulation using data from recent federal minimum wage increases. It finds that wages increased for some low-skilled workers but employment declined significantly. While safety net programs provided some income replacement, earnings and tax revenues decreased substantially. Overall, the analysis suggests minimum wage increases reallocated income from employers and taxpayers to low-wage workers, with program and tax revenue spillovers of approximately $1-2 billion annually.
This document summarizes key points from a presentation given at an Edison Electric Institute financial conference. It outlines Xcel Energy's strategy to increase investment in its utility assets to drive growth and earnings, earn its authorized regulatory returns, and deliver total shareholder returns of 7-9% annually through earnings growth and dividends. Specific capital projects and regulatory filings aimed at achieving these goals are also mentioned.
FISCAL STIMULUS IN ECONOMIC UNIONS: WHAT ROLE FOR STATESNBER
1) State deficits can boost job growth in the deficit state but also in neighboring states, showing significant spillover effects. Coordinated fiscal policies across states are more cost-effective than individual state policies.
2) Federal aid to states, when coordinated, can effectively stimulate the overall economy. Targeted aid linked to services for lower income households is more effective than untargeted aid.
3) The economic stimulus of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act could have been 30% more effective if it relied more on targeted aid and less on untargeted aid. Coordinated fiscal policies that account for spillovers across economic regions are optimal for stimulus programs.
The Sooner The Better - The Welfare Effects of the Retirement Age Increase Un...GRAPE
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the macroeconomic and welfare effects of increasing the retirement age under different pension systems (defined benefit, notional defined contribution, and funded defined contribution). It finds that increasing the retirement age has universally positive welfare effects and increases aggregate labor supply. These effects are largest under a funded defined contribution system and enhanced when productivity increases with age. Various robustness checks considering alternative demographic and productivity assumptions confirm these overall conclusions.
Wayne Brunetti is the Chairman and CEO of Xcel Energy, a major electric and gas utility. The document discusses Xcel Energy's business strategy, which involves continued investment in its utility assets to meet growth. Key capital projects include a $1 billion emissions reduction program in Minnesota and a proposed $1.3 billion coal plant in Colorado. The summary also provides Xcel Energy's earnings guidance for 2004 and discusses its dividend policy. Brunetti emphasizes that Xcel Energy needs clarity on public policy regarding energy and the environment to effectively plan and invest.
Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Seventh International Conference on Ethiopian Economy, June 24, 2010
This document outlines Xcel Energy's low-risk business strategy of investing in regulated utility assets to earn their authorized rate of return. Key points include:
- Xcel Energy aims for a total annual return of 7-9% through a 5% dividend yield and 2-4% earnings growth.
- Nearly 100% of income comes from regulated utility operations in 8 states, diversifying regulatory risk.
- Capital expenditure forecasts through 2009 will increase rate base and allow earning higher returns on equity.
- Regulatory initiatives are planned in various states from 2005-2007 to obtain rate increases.
Welfare effects of fiscal closures when implementing pension reformsGRAPE
This document discusses modeling pension reforms in Poland using an overlapping generations model. It aims to analyze the welfare effects of different fiscal closures used to finance gaps in the social insurance fund resulting from pension reforms. The model will examine five potential fiscal closures: lump sum taxes, labor taxes, consumption taxes, debt financing plus labor taxes, and debt financing plus consumption taxes. The results will help determine which fiscal closure has the best or worst effects on welfare, savings, labor supply, and economic output.
This document summarizes Midwest investor meetings held by Xcel Energy in May and June 2005. It outlines Xcel's low-risk business strategy of investing in regulated utility assets to earn an authorized return on equity. Key points include Xcel operating as the 4th largest US electric and gas utility, growth opportunities through infrastructure investments, regulatory filings, and a total return objective of 7-9% per year through earnings growth and dividends.
Gaetano Gaballo's slides, with Philippe Andrade, Eric Mengus & Benoit Mojon, International Workshop "Monetary Policy when Heterogeneity Matters", Paris, February 3, 2017 http://www.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/IMG/pdf/workshop-international-workshop-monetary-policy-3-fev-2017.pdf
The document discusses principles of tax reform and evaluates different tax policies based on their efficiency, simplicity, equity and impact on the distribution of the tax burden. It provides data on the federal budget and revenues over time. Distribution tables are presented showing what percentage of the tax burden is paid by different income groups under current tax laws and how some proposed tax reforms could shift that distribution.
Inequalities in an OLG economy with heterogeneous cohorts and pension systemsGRAPE
1) A pension system reform from defined benefit to defined contribution in Poland would likely increase consumption inequalities but decrease wealth inequalities.
2) The demographic transition alone would increase consumption inequalities more than the pension reform.
3) Minimum pensions could reduce the rise in consumption inequality from the pension reform by around 40% by targeting those with lower incomes, but would slightly increase consumption by reducing savings incentives. The effects of contribution caps would be negligible.
The document discusses a 2009 reform in Poland that gradually increased the retirement age. It presents the following:
1) The reform eliminated early retirement eligibility for most workers born after 1954 (women) and 1949 (men), increasing the retirement age to 55-60 or 55-65 respectively.
2) Using a regression discontinuity design on longitudinal data, it finds a statistically significant but small discontinuity in transitions to early retirement around the cutoff dates.
3) Placebo tests find similar sized discontinuities in other time periods, suggesting the observed effect may not be caused solely by the reform. The reform had a small impact on retirement behavior relative to its scope.
Starzenie się społeczeństwa w Polsce jest faktem i system ubezpieczeń społecznych musiał w związku z tym zostać zreformowany. W 1999 roku system emerytalny zdefiniowanego świadczenia został zmieniony na system zdefiniowanej składki - czy w tej sytuacji podniesienie wieku emerytalnego wciąż jest konieczne?
On the optimal introduction of a funded pension pillarGRAPE
Jan Woźnica, Marcin Bielecki, Krzysztof Makarski and Joanna Tyrowicz Group for Research in APplied Economics (GRAPE)
15th International Pension Workshop
Paris, May 2017
A Study on the Trend of Carbon Emission across Regions of the World: Evidence...Rupesh Yadav
Scientists agree: to stay within the global carbon budget and avoid dangerous warming, the vast majority of all proven coal, oil and gas reserves must stay in the ground and fossil fuel combustion must end by mid- to late-century.
The presentation discusses EnerNOC, an energy management company. It covers EnerNOC's demand response business model, the growing energy industry, recent contracts and financials. EnerNOC provides utilities with demand management services to reduce peak energy usage and offers commercial clients energy monitoring and reporting. The presentation recommends EnerNOC as a potential investment due to its fast growth, scalable business model, and regulatory tailwinds.
GDP/Energy link - Rome 14th IAEE European Energy Conference The Shift Project
The work of the Shift Project focuses on the link between energy consumption and the GDP growth. The econometrical research confirms the standpoint defended by ecological economists and introducing primary energy as a key factor that drives GDP growth. The results show that an increase of 10% of energy use per capita induces, on average, an increase (resp. decrease) of about 6 to 7% of GDP per capita. The research also concludes that the causality relation goes from the consumption of energy to growth in both the short and long-run.
These findings sharply contrast with the custom, popular in macroeconomics, that consists in calibrating the output elasticity of energy according to the cost share of energy. In most countries, this practice leads to the postulate that energy elasticity should be close to 0.08% on average.
The document discusses customs duties in India. It notes that customs duties consist of basic tariff, additional duty of customs, and special excise duty. The peak customs duty rate has declined from 150% in 1991-92 to 15% for non-agricultural products in 2005-06. Empirical analysis finds that customs revenue is cointegrated with the effective customs duty rate but not with other central tax revenues due to different orders of integration. Regression analysis also indicates a revenue-maximizing customs duty rate of around 3.79% based on a estimated Laffer curve relationship between customs revenue and duty rate.
Hera Group 1H Results - Analyst presentationHera Group
Hera Group reported strong financial results for the first half of 2014, with EBITDA growth of 4.4% to €451.9 million compared to the prior year period. Solid commercial expansion in waste and electricity volumes, along with positive performance in regulated network activities, drove organic growth and offset the mild winter impact. Active debt management lowered borrowing costs, contributing to an 8.7% increase in net profit to €98.3 million. Hera is progressing well towards its business plan targets and expects to substantially offset the remaining mild winter effect by year-end.
This document summarizes key points from a presentation given at an Edison Electric Institute financial conference. It outlines Xcel Energy's strategy to increase investment in its utility assets to drive growth and earnings, earn its authorized regulatory returns, and deliver total shareholder returns of 7-9% annually through earnings growth and dividends. Specific capital projects and regulatory filings aimed at achieving these goals are also mentioned.
FISCAL STIMULUS IN ECONOMIC UNIONS: WHAT ROLE FOR STATESNBER
1) State deficits can boost job growth in the deficit state but also in neighboring states, showing significant spillover effects. Coordinated fiscal policies across states are more cost-effective than individual state policies.
2) Federal aid to states, when coordinated, can effectively stimulate the overall economy. Targeted aid linked to services for lower income households is more effective than untargeted aid.
3) The economic stimulus of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act could have been 30% more effective if it relied more on targeted aid and less on untargeted aid. Coordinated fiscal policies that account for spillovers across economic regions are optimal for stimulus programs.
The Sooner The Better - The Welfare Effects of the Retirement Age Increase Un...GRAPE
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the macroeconomic and welfare effects of increasing the retirement age under different pension systems (defined benefit, notional defined contribution, and funded defined contribution). It finds that increasing the retirement age has universally positive welfare effects and increases aggregate labor supply. These effects are largest under a funded defined contribution system and enhanced when productivity increases with age. Various robustness checks considering alternative demographic and productivity assumptions confirm these overall conclusions.
Wayne Brunetti is the Chairman and CEO of Xcel Energy, a major electric and gas utility. The document discusses Xcel Energy's business strategy, which involves continued investment in its utility assets to meet growth. Key capital projects include a $1 billion emissions reduction program in Minnesota and a proposed $1.3 billion coal plant in Colorado. The summary also provides Xcel Energy's earnings guidance for 2004 and discusses its dividend policy. Brunetti emphasizes that Xcel Energy needs clarity on public policy regarding energy and the environment to effectively plan and invest.
Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Seventh International Conference on Ethiopian Economy, June 24, 2010
This document outlines Xcel Energy's low-risk business strategy of investing in regulated utility assets to earn their authorized rate of return. Key points include:
- Xcel Energy aims for a total annual return of 7-9% through a 5% dividend yield and 2-4% earnings growth.
- Nearly 100% of income comes from regulated utility operations in 8 states, diversifying regulatory risk.
- Capital expenditure forecasts through 2009 will increase rate base and allow earning higher returns on equity.
- Regulatory initiatives are planned in various states from 2005-2007 to obtain rate increases.
Welfare effects of fiscal closures when implementing pension reformsGRAPE
This document discusses modeling pension reforms in Poland using an overlapping generations model. It aims to analyze the welfare effects of different fiscal closures used to finance gaps in the social insurance fund resulting from pension reforms. The model will examine five potential fiscal closures: lump sum taxes, labor taxes, consumption taxes, debt financing plus labor taxes, and debt financing plus consumption taxes. The results will help determine which fiscal closure has the best or worst effects on welfare, savings, labor supply, and economic output.
This document summarizes Midwest investor meetings held by Xcel Energy in May and June 2005. It outlines Xcel's low-risk business strategy of investing in regulated utility assets to earn an authorized return on equity. Key points include Xcel operating as the 4th largest US electric and gas utility, growth opportunities through infrastructure investments, regulatory filings, and a total return objective of 7-9% per year through earnings growth and dividends.
Gaetano Gaballo's slides, with Philippe Andrade, Eric Mengus & Benoit Mojon, International Workshop "Monetary Policy when Heterogeneity Matters", Paris, February 3, 2017 http://www.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/IMG/pdf/workshop-international-workshop-monetary-policy-3-fev-2017.pdf
The document discusses principles of tax reform and evaluates different tax policies based on their efficiency, simplicity, equity and impact on the distribution of the tax burden. It provides data on the federal budget and revenues over time. Distribution tables are presented showing what percentage of the tax burden is paid by different income groups under current tax laws and how some proposed tax reforms could shift that distribution.
Inequalities in an OLG economy with heterogeneous cohorts and pension systemsGRAPE
1) A pension system reform from defined benefit to defined contribution in Poland would likely increase consumption inequalities but decrease wealth inequalities.
2) The demographic transition alone would increase consumption inequalities more than the pension reform.
3) Minimum pensions could reduce the rise in consumption inequality from the pension reform by around 40% by targeting those with lower incomes, but would slightly increase consumption by reducing savings incentives. The effects of contribution caps would be negligible.
The document discusses a 2009 reform in Poland that gradually increased the retirement age. It presents the following:
1) The reform eliminated early retirement eligibility for most workers born after 1954 (women) and 1949 (men), increasing the retirement age to 55-60 or 55-65 respectively.
2) Using a regression discontinuity design on longitudinal data, it finds a statistically significant but small discontinuity in transitions to early retirement around the cutoff dates.
3) Placebo tests find similar sized discontinuities in other time periods, suggesting the observed effect may not be caused solely by the reform. The reform had a small impact on retirement behavior relative to its scope.
Starzenie się społeczeństwa w Polsce jest faktem i system ubezpieczeń społecznych musiał w związku z tym zostać zreformowany. W 1999 roku system emerytalny zdefiniowanego świadczenia został zmieniony na system zdefiniowanej składki - czy w tej sytuacji podniesienie wieku emerytalnego wciąż jest konieczne?
On the optimal introduction of a funded pension pillarGRAPE
Jan Woźnica, Marcin Bielecki, Krzysztof Makarski and Joanna Tyrowicz Group for Research in APplied Economics (GRAPE)
15th International Pension Workshop
Paris, May 2017
A Study on the Trend of Carbon Emission across Regions of the World: Evidence...Rupesh Yadav
Scientists agree: to stay within the global carbon budget and avoid dangerous warming, the vast majority of all proven coal, oil and gas reserves must stay in the ground and fossil fuel combustion must end by mid- to late-century.
The presentation discusses EnerNOC, an energy management company. It covers EnerNOC's demand response business model, the growing energy industry, recent contracts and financials. EnerNOC provides utilities with demand management services to reduce peak energy usage and offers commercial clients energy monitoring and reporting. The presentation recommends EnerNOC as a potential investment due to its fast growth, scalable business model, and regulatory tailwinds.
GDP/Energy link - Rome 14th IAEE European Energy Conference The Shift Project
The work of the Shift Project focuses on the link between energy consumption and the GDP growth. The econometrical research confirms the standpoint defended by ecological economists and introducing primary energy as a key factor that drives GDP growth. The results show that an increase of 10% of energy use per capita induces, on average, an increase (resp. decrease) of about 6 to 7% of GDP per capita. The research also concludes that the causality relation goes from the consumption of energy to growth in both the short and long-run.
These findings sharply contrast with the custom, popular in macroeconomics, that consists in calibrating the output elasticity of energy according to the cost share of energy. In most countries, this practice leads to the postulate that energy elasticity should be close to 0.08% on average.
The document discusses customs duties in India. It notes that customs duties consist of basic tariff, additional duty of customs, and special excise duty. The peak customs duty rate has declined from 150% in 1991-92 to 15% for non-agricultural products in 2005-06. Empirical analysis finds that customs revenue is cointegrated with the effective customs duty rate but not with other central tax revenues due to different orders of integration. Regression analysis also indicates a revenue-maximizing customs duty rate of around 3.79% based on a estimated Laffer curve relationship between customs revenue and duty rate.
Hera Group 1H Results - Analyst presentationHera Group
Hera Group reported strong financial results for the first half of 2014, with EBITDA growth of 4.4% to €451.9 million compared to the prior year period. Solid commercial expansion in waste and electricity volumes, along with positive performance in regulated network activities, drove organic growth and offset the mild winter impact. Active debt management lowered borrowing costs, contributing to an 8.7% increase in net profit to €98.3 million. Hera is progressing well towards its business plan targets and expects to substantially offset the remaining mild winter effect by year-end.
Can the US keep the PACE? A natural experiment in accelerating the growth of ...Nadia Ameli
Growing global awareness of climate change has ushered in a new era demanding policy, financial and behavioural innovations to accelerate the transition to a clean energy economy. Dramatic price decreases in solar photovoltaics (PV) and public policy have underwritten the expansion of solar power, now accounting for the largest share of renewable energy in California and rising fast in other countries, such as Germany and Italy. Governments’ efforts to expand solar generation base and integrate it into municipal, regional, and national energy systems, have spawned several programs that require rigorous policy evaluations to assess their effectiveness, costs and contribution to Paris Agreement’s goals. In this study, we exploit a natural experiment in northern California to test the capacity of Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) to promote PV investment. PACE has been highly cost effective by more than doubling residential PV installations.
This document discusses the concept of energy security costs. It defines energy security costs as externalities associated with short-term macroeconomic adjustments to changes in energy prices and long-term impacts of monopoly or monopsony power in energy markets. The document provides references on calculating health and environmental impacts of electricity generation and assessing costs and benefits of oil imports. It also outlines a proposed 4-hour course on basic concepts, examples, and a case study analyzing energy security costs for Ukraine based on impacts of increasing natural gas import prices.
Expert workshop on the creation and uses of combined environmental and economic performance datasets at the micro-level - 10-11 July 2018 - OECD, Paris
Short-run Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings in the Sri Lankan Stock Ma...Lalith Samarakoon
This study investigates underpricing of IPOs in Sri Lanka. On average, IPOs are underpriced by 34%. Small issues are more underpriced than large issues, and privatization issues are more underpriced than conventional issues. Investor sentiment is positively related with underpricing and affects small and large issues similarly. Small privatization issues are more underpriced than large privatization issues and partially explain the asymmetry in underpricing between small and large issues. However, even after controlling for investor sentiment, privatization, hot-market conditions, underwriter-size, and industry, small issues remain more underpriced than large issues. The results strongly support the uncertainty hypothesis for larger underpricing of small issues, and privatization issues.
Energy Efficiency and Household Behavior: The Rebound Effect in the Residenti...nilskok
This document summarizes a study that examines the rebound effect for residential heating in the Netherlands. The study uses a large panel dataset containing actual gas consumption and predicted consumption based on dwelling characteristics for over 500,000 dwellings from 2008-2011. It finds an average rebound effect of 27% for homeowners and 41% for tenants, meaning improved efficiency leads to increased heating consumption that offsets about a quarter to over a third of expected energy savings. The rebound effect is found to vary based on household income and wealth, with higher income households exhibiting a larger rebound.
Jevons Paradox : Evidence from India and BangladeshMuntasir Murshed
Jevons paradox is based on the fact that when
technological progress increases the efficiency
with which a resource is used (reducing the
amount necessary for any one use), but the rate
of consumption of that resource rises because of
increasing demand
• Thus, Jevons (1985) asserted a positive
association between energy efficiency and
energy consumption
• The Jevons paradox is perhaps the most widely
known paradox in environmental economics
George Tyson, Vice President and Treasurer of Xcel Energy, presented at a West Coast seminar on their corporate strategy and financial outlook. Xcel aims to grow its core utility business while reducing emissions by 2020 through increasing renewable energy, upgrading plants, and expanding efficiency efforts. Xcel expects to invest billions in projects like wind, transmission, and nuclear to support growth and environmental leadership. This capital investment provides an opportunity for attractive total returns through sustained earnings and dividend growth.
George Tyson presents Xcel Energy's strategy to achieve financial success through environmental leadership. Key points are:
1) Xcel aims to reduce carbon emissions 20% by 2020 while meeting annual EPS growth targets of 5-7% and dividend increases of 2-4%.
2) Climate change policy will require significant emission cuts, investments, and plant changes. Xcel's states are leaders in renewable standards and energy efficiency.
3) Xcel's carbon reduction strategy includes increasing renewables, upgrading plants, and evaluating carbon capture technology. This will significantly change Xcel's energy supply mix by 2020.
This document summarizes India's growth in electronics system design and manufacturing. It outlines how India's GDP and foreign direct investment have grown rapidly in recent decades. It then discusses India's goal of becoming a $5 trillion economy by 2025, with the electronics sector projected to reach $400 billion. Various reforms and initiatives are highlighted that aim to boost electronics manufacturing in India, including production linked incentive schemes, tax reforms, and development of electronics manufacturing clusters. Statistics on India's progress in electronics production, exports, and domestic value addition are provided. The document emphasizes India's goal of becoming a global hub for electronics manufacturing.
Anthony Leddin and Paul Egan, Ireland’s national wage agreements & macroecon...NUI Galway
Dr Anthony Leddin, University of Limerick and Dr Paul Egan, University of St Andrews, Scotland, Ireland’s national wage agreements & macroeconomic performance: 1988 - 2008 presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
This document summarizes a study estimating the costs and benefits of clean air policy scenarios involving the transition away from residential coal and other solid fuel heating in Ireland. The study finds that reducing particulate matter and sulfur dioxide emissions would provide the greatest health and environmental benefits. While medium-sized towns were identified as the highest priority, smaller towns in aggregate could also yield substantial benefits of €50-100 million annually. Future research opportunities are identified to enhance the analysis with more detailed residential fuel usage and emissions data.
Productivity Mgs In Spain Acede05 TenerifeLuis Carlos
This document assesses productivity changes in Spain's mutual guarantee system between 1999-2004 using three models: technical, manager, and entrepreneur. It finds:
- The technical model showed a 42.3% productivity growth, indicating better management.
- The manager model showed a 31.1% improvement, showing managers pursued objectives successfully.
- The entrepreneur model showed little productivity change, suggesting similar conditions for firms demanding guarantees.
- The Malmquist decomposition provided further insights into the sources of productivity changes for each model.
This document summarizes recent evidence on the co-benefits of climate policies from various studies and models. Key points include:
1) Energy efficiency measures often have negative costs and provide direct financial benefits to consumers without considering externalities of energy use. However, free markets are sub-optimal and underinvest in efficiency.
2) Climate policies that stabilize emissions at 450 ppm have significant co-benefits like reducing health costs from air pollution, lowering energy imports and costs, and increasing economic productivity.
3) Models like the IEA WEO and ETP show the energy sector investments needed to transition to low-carbon technologies can be largely offset by fuel savings over time, even with a 10% discount
This document discusses opportunities in the energy sector and provides an overview of trends in energy generation, transmission and storage. It notes that electricity has become an economically stable fuel compared to oil and that energy storage can help balance intermittent renewable energy sources on the electric grid. The document also highlights the need for more resilient and distributed energy systems to support economic activity and critical infrastructure.
Similar to Assessing the Strength and Effectiveness of Renewable Electricity Feed-In Tariffs (20)
Dagger’s Moon is a turn-based tactical roleplaying game set in a gritty not-so-fantasy world.
Right now, it is a concept only, but it could become a reality. We are looking for a development studio and funders to take on the project. Get in touch with me at joe.indvik@gmail.com if interested.
Advanced Strategies and Analytics for Campus Green Revolving FundsJoe Indvik
NOTE: Audio and visual may be out of sync if you use a browser other than Google Chrome. Download Chrome for optimum viewing.
This webinar provides tools and tips for using data, analytics, and modeling to inform the design and management of a green revolving fund.
The presentation is based on Green Revolving Funds: A Guide to Implementation & Management, a co-publication of AASHE and the Sustainable Endowments Institute released in August 2013.
The Apollo Foundation is a hypothetical non-profit that would focus on building the groundwork for a spacefaring human civilization. My dream is to start this one day with my own money and that of other supporters. Always looking for feedback!
Implementation Strategies for Campus Green Revolving Funds (Webinar)Joe Indvik
This webinar provides a roadmap to implementing and managing a successful green revolving fund (GRF) to finance energy efficiency and sustainability projects. The webinar offers an overview of Green Revolving Funds: An Introductory Guide to Implementation and Management, with examples from Agnes Scott College and the University of New Hampshire. AASHE was pleased to host this webinar with the Sustainable Endowments Institute (SEI).
Presenters:
Judy Walton, Chief Publications Officer, AASHE
Joe Indvik, Consultant, ICF International
Susan Kidd, Director of Sustainability, Agnes Scott College
Matt O'Keefe, Campus Energy Manager, University of New Hampshire
Opportunities for analysis, learning, and optimization made possible by the Green Revolving Investment Tracking System. Presented at Financing the Future of Energy Efficiency Conference at Harvard University on May 15, 2012. See http://greenbillion.org/grits/
An innovative approach for funding sustainable initiatives at Dartmouth. Presented to Matariki Network of Universities Conference in Kingstron, Ontario November 2010.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
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Assessing the Strength and Effectiveness of Renewable Electricity Feed-In Tariffs
1. Assessing the Strength and
Effectiveness of Renewable Electricity
Feed-in Tariffs
Joe Indvik, ICF International
Steffen Jenner, Harvard University
Felix Groba, DIW Berlin
USAEE/IAEE 2011 North American Conference:
"Redefining the Energy Economy: Changing Roles of
Industry, Government and Research"
1
2. Background
Renewable electricity (RES-E) is rapidly
expanding in magnitude and geographic scope
Literature generally claims that government
incentives are justified by...
Climate and pollution externalities
Barriers to entry
Energy security concerns
3. RES-E Policy Levers
Price Quantity
Investment
Investment subsidies
Tax credits
Low interest/ soft loans
Tendering systems for investment grants
Generation Feed-in tariffs
Renewable portfolio standards (RPS)
Tendering systems for long term contracts
3
4. Price-based RES-E production incentive
Funded by state budget and/or electricity price
increase
Helps renewables achieve grid parity
Everything you need to know about FIT’s
in 60 seconds
RES-E
Generator
Grid
Electricity Price
State budget
Tariff
Contract
€
4
5. Years of RES-E policy enactment in Europe:
Feed-in tariff
Quota
BE
CZ BG
HU EE IE
IT DK GR FR LT NL MT RO BG
DE IT LU ES AT PT GB SE SI SK CY
1990 1992 1993 1994 1998 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
5
7. 7
Have feed-in tariffs significantly
increased onshore wind power and
solar PV deployment in Europe?
8. The Traditional Approach
Capacity Added = β1(Policy Dummy) + β2(Some Controls)
Inevitably, β1 is positive
and highly significant.
So the policy
is effective!
Except for...
Two Problems
1
Policy Heterogeneity
“Not all FIT’s are created equal.”
Omitted Variables Bias
“What you don’t see can hurt you.”
2
Linear OLS pooled cross-section regression:
8
11. Our Model
ln(Added Capacityist) = β0 + β1SFITist + β2INCRQMTSHAREst
+ βxZist + βyWist + μs + uist
Incremental Share
Measure of quota
stringency developed by
Yin and Powers (2009)
Policy Controls
Suite of binary policy
control variables for
other RES-E policies
Socio-Economic Controls
Suite of socioeconomic
controls
Country Fixed Effects
Controls for country
characteristics that do
not change over time
Added Capacity
Additional RES-E
nameplate generation
capacity added each year
for energy technology i, in country s, in year t.
FIT Strength
Our new measure of the
generation incentive
provided by a FIT
11
13. 1/0
Binary Variable: The king
of renewable energy policy
analysis thus far.
Duration
Magnitude
Electricity price Risk and
uncertainty
Binary variables do not accurately represent the true
production incentive created by a policy
Buy what does it neglect?
Production cost
13
14. SFIT: A more nuanced approach
Contract DurationTariff Amount
FIT contract length
(years)
Size of FIT contract
established in year t
(Eurocents/kWh)
Electricity Price
Wholesale market
price of electricity
(Eurocents/kWh)
Capacity Lifetime
Lifetime of PV or wind
capacity installed in year t
(years)
Generation Cost
Average lifetime cost of
electricity production
(Eurocents/kWh)
14
for energy technology i, in country s, in year t.
15. SFIT: A more nuanced approach
Expected profit over
the lifetime of capacity
installed under a FIT
contract
Expected generation
cost over the lifetime
of capacity
= ROI
15
for energy technology i, in country s, in year t.
16. Results of Cross-Sectional Regressions
Dependent Variable: Added RES-E Capacity (ln)
Solar Photovoltaic Onshore Wind
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Binary FIT 0.654***
(0.184)
1.011***
(0.215)
SFIT 1.025***
(0.128)
0.412***
(0.151)
Binary Tax or Grant -0.109
(0.186)
0.179
(0.167)
0.179
(0.325)
-0.305
(0.337)
Binary Tendering Scheme -0.567**
(0.239)
0.131
(0.210)
0.235
(0.399)
0.138
(0.409)
INCRQMTSHARE, ln -8.402**
(3.978)
-1.079
(3.051)
5.154
(4.745)
-3.121
(4.329)
GDP per capita, ln 0.990**
(0.450)
-0.165
(0.341)
3.672***
(0.376)
3.847***
(0.377)
Area, ln 0.509***
(0.101)
0.387***
(0.071)
1.086***
(0.094)
1.129***
(0.088)
Net import ratio, ln -0.314*
(0.186)
0.018
(0.167)
0.005
(0.245)
0.002
(0.262)
Energy cons. per capita, ln 0.076
(0.429)
0.305
(0.373)
-2.011***
(0.510)
-1.780***
(0.509)
Nuclear share, ln -0.322
(0.524)
-0.008
(0.444)
-0.728
(0.795)
-1.224
(0.759)
Oil share, ln -20.501
(15.250)
-19.261*
(10.868)
-22.747*
(11.842)
-12.115
(11.626)
Natural gas share, ln 1.160
(1.111)
1.259
(0.878)
1.760*
(1.067)
1.020
(1.024)
Coal share, ln 0.755
(0.672)
0.671
(0.459)
2.614***
(0.592)
2.957***
(0.599)
EU 2001 binary -0.121
(0.226)
0.114
(0.175)
-0.177
(0.302)
-0.144
(0.307)
N 253 253 264 264
R2 0.328 0.575 0.665 0.654
Policy
Variables
Socio-
Economic
Controls
Fuel Mix
Variables
Feed-in tariffs appear to
drive RES-E development.
Cannot be interpreted as
causal because of OVB
*** <1% significance, ** <5% significance, * <10% significance
How do the results change
when we control for fixed
country characteristics?
18. Results of Fixed-Effects Regressions
Dependent Variable: Added RES-E Capacity (ln)
Solar Photovoltaic Onshore Wind
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Binary FIT 0.068
(0.197)
0.758***
(0.280)
SFIT 0.743***
(0.106)
0.262*
(0.156)
Binary Tax or Grant -0.327
(0.380)
-0.411
(0.342)
0.052
(0.531)
0.037
(0.541)
Binary Tendering Scheme 0.052
(0.286)
-0.047
(0.258)
-0.946**
(0.406)
-1.090***
(0.407)
INCRQMTSHARE, ln 4.600
(5.584)
1.544
(5.062)
-3.500
(7.864)
-5.754
(7.928)
GDP per capita, ln 0.689
(0.699)
-0.073
(0.630)
3.187***
(0.912)
2.626**
(1.130)
Area, ln
(dropped) (dropped) (dropped) (dropped)
Net import ratio, ln -0.145
(0.252)
-0.019
(0.229)
-0.117
(0.350)
-0.152
(0.353)
Energy cons. per capita, ln -1.038
(1.590)
-1.550
(1.427)
-0.809
(2.137)
0.937
(2.142)
Nuclear share, ln -1.929
(1.534)
-2.517*
(1.386)
-0.281
(2.147)
0.355
(2.163)
Oil share, ln 98.175***
(32.774)
76.960***
(29.643)
11.882
(46.330)
13.754
(46.867)
Natural gas share, ln 4.235***
(1.142)
2.391**
(1.060)
2.162
(1.621)
1.257
(1.614)
Coal share, ln -10.249***
(2.477)
-6.480***
(2.288)
3.427
(3.386)
3.518
(3.511)
EU 2001 binary -0.064
(0.192)
0.080
(0.174)
-0.212
(0.267)
-0.220
(0.270)
N Yes Yes Yes Yes
R2 253 253 264 264
*** <1% significance, ** <5% significance, * <10% significance
For a 10 percentage point increase in ROI
provided by a FIT, countries will install
• 7.4% more solar PV capacity per year
• 2.6% more onshore wind capacity per year
Even when innate country traits
are controlled for, FIT policies
have driven RES-E development
since 1998
18
19. Results of Fixed-Effects Regressions
Dependent Variable: Added RES-E Capacity (ln)
Solar Photovoltaic Onshore Wind
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Binary FIT 0.068
(0.197)
0.758***
(0.280)
SFIT 0.743***
(0.106)
0.262*
(0.156)
Binary Tax or Grant -0.327
(0.380)
-0.411
(0.342)
0.052
(0.531)
0.037
(0.541)
Binary Tendering Scheme 0.052
(0.286)
-0.047
(0.258)
-0.946**
(0.406)
-1.090***
(0.407)
INCRQMTSHARE, ln 4.600
(5.584)
1.544
(5.062)
-3.500
(7.864)
-5.754
(7.928)
GDP per capita, ln 0.689
(0.699)
-0.073
(0.630)
3.187***
(0.912)
2.626**
(1.130)
Area, ln
(dropped) (dropped) (dropped) (dropped)
Net import ratio, ln -0.145
(0.252)
-0.019
(0.229)
-0.117
(0.350)
-0.152
(0.353)
Energy cons. per capita, ln -1.038
(1.590)
-1.550
(1.427)
-0.809
(2.137)
0.937
(2.142)
Nuclear share, ln -1.929
(1.534)
-2.517*
(1.386)
-0.281
(2.147)
0.355
(2.163)
Oil share, ln 98.175***
(32.774)
76.960***
(29.643)
11.882
(46.330)
13.754
(46.867)
Natural gas share, ln 4.235***
(1.142)
2.391**
(1.060)
2.162
(1.621)
1.257
(1.614)
Coal share, ln -10.249***
(2.477)
-6.480***
(2.288)
3.427
(3.386)
3.518
(3.511)
EU 2001 binary -0.064
(0.192)
0.080
(0.174)
-0.212
(0.267)
-0.220
(0.270)
N Yes Yes Yes Yes
R2 253 253 264 264
*** <1% significance, ** <5% significance, * <10% significance
No statistically significant
relationship between FIT
enactment and solar PV
development once country
characteristics are controlled for
Highly significant when SFIT is
used instead of binary
Binary variables obscure the true
relationship between FIT policies
and solar PV development
19
20. If you take one thing away from this paper, let it be...
FIT Variable
Fixed Effects?
Model 1:
Cross-sectional Approach
Model 2:
Fixed Effects Approach
Model 3:
Nuanced Approach
Do FITs work?
Binary Binary SFIT
Yes
YesVaries
Too
Well
No Yes
Overstates
effectiveness
Understates
effectiveness
Just right
Nuanced indicators and smart controls are key for
accuracy and consistency in energy policy analysis 20
21. Conclusion
Feed-in tariffs have driven solar PV and onshore
wind power development in Europe since 1998.
Controlling for policy design elements and
country characteristics is crucial.
Policy design matters more than the enactment
of a policy alone!
21
22. Thank you! Questions?
Joe Indvik, ICF International
joe.indvik@gmail.com
515-230-4665
Steffen Jenner, Harvard University
steffen.jenner@googlemail.com
857-756-0361
Felix Groba, DIW Berlin
fgroba@diw.de
+49-30-89789-681
22
23. Data Sources
Capacity: Eurostat and the UN Energy Statistics Database
Policy: GreenX (University of Vienna) and supplemental sources
Cost: GreenX (University of Vienna)
• 2006 – 2009 actual
• 2010 – 2020 projected
• 1998 – 2005 linearly extrapolated
Editor's Notes
IntroPublic/Private/Academic collaborationTime zone synergies
- Quick
- Quick
- Won’t discuss data in presentation but we are happy to discuss after
- Will not discuss the other variables but have some interesting things to say
“Goldilocks” diagram Professor Carley and Professor Shrimali