This study compared clinical characteristics and pulmonary function in elderly patients with late-onset asthma versus COPD. It found that asthma patients were more likely to have atopy and greater bronchodilator responsiveness, while COPD patients tended to have a history of heavy smoking, lower diffusing capacity, and more severe lung hyperinflation and hypoxemia. Distinguishing between the two conditions in the elderly can be difficult but is important for guiding appropriate treatment.
This document discusses asthma-COPD overlap (ACO), where patients exhibit features of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It defines the conditions and notes that distinguishing them can be difficult, especially in smokers and older adults. Patients with ACO features experience more exacerbations and poorer outcomes than those with asthma or COPD alone. The document provides guidance on diagnosing and initially treating ACO based on GINA and GOLD guidelines, emphasizing inhaled corticosteroids to reduce exacerbation risk in all patients with chronic airflow limitation. Further research is still needed to better classify and treat ACO phenotypes.
Asthma or COPD?
More features favor COPD:
- Age >40 years
- Smoking history
- Chronic symptoms not fully relieved by SABA
- Previous LRTI requiring hospitalization
Diagnosis: COPD
Tiêu chuẩn chẩn đoán và điều trị copd của ats 1995
CTMT Quốc gia phòng chống bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính và hen phế quản http://benhphoitacnghen.com.vn/
Chuyên trang bệnh hô hấp mãn tính: http://benhkhotho.vn/
The document discusses the asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) phenotype. It notes that ACO is not a single disease, but rather represents different clinical phenotypes that likely have different underlying mechanisms. The terminology has changed from "Asthma COPD Overlap Syndrome" to "ACO" to avoid implying it is a single disease. Diagnosing ACO helps identify COPD patients who may benefit from treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. Experts recommend inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta agonist combination as first-line therapy for ACO.
Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática: Uma Doença com similaridades e suas conexões com...Flávia Salame
This document discusses the perspective that idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) should be considered a neoproliferative disorder similar to cancer, rather than just a reactive fibrotic process. The authors argue that IPF shares many key hallmarks with cancer, including genetic alterations, uncontrolled cell proliferation, tissue invasion, and resistance to apoptosis. While IPF does not metastasize, other neoplastic disorders like desmoid tumors also do not metastasize but are still considered cancers. Considering IPF's poor survival rate and similarities to lung cancer demographics, the authors hope this perspective will provoke further research on IPF from an oncology viewpoint and lead to new clinical trials targeting cell proliferation.
This document summarizes a meeting to discuss a proof of concept study on asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) using electronic medical records. The study aims to test various smoking-related ACOS population definitions across databases to evaluate prevalence and agreement. The meeting reviewed results from a UK pilot study using one database and definitions based on clinical diagnoses over 2 years. Prevalence of ACOS varied from 8-32% depending on the source population. The meeting also discussed expanding the study to other eligible databases and characterizing clinical implications of different definitions.
COPD patients have increased nasal inflammation compared to controls. There is a correlation between the degree of inflammation in the upper and lower airways of COPD patients. Bacterial colonization in the lower airway is associated with higher nasal bacterial loads. This is the first study to report a correlation between upper and lower airway inflammation in COPD.
This document discusses asthma-COPD overlap (ACO), where patients exhibit features of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It defines the conditions and notes that distinguishing them can be difficult, especially in smokers and older adults. Patients with ACO features experience more exacerbations and poorer outcomes than those with asthma or COPD alone. The document provides guidance on diagnosing and initially treating ACO based on GINA and GOLD guidelines, emphasizing inhaled corticosteroids to reduce exacerbation risk in all patients with chronic airflow limitation. Further research is still needed to better classify and treat ACO phenotypes.
Asthma or COPD?
More features favor COPD:
- Age >40 years
- Smoking history
- Chronic symptoms not fully relieved by SABA
- Previous LRTI requiring hospitalization
Diagnosis: COPD
Tiêu chuẩn chẩn đoán và điều trị copd của ats 1995
CTMT Quốc gia phòng chống bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính và hen phế quản http://benhphoitacnghen.com.vn/
Chuyên trang bệnh hô hấp mãn tính: http://benhkhotho.vn/
The document discusses the asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) phenotype. It notes that ACO is not a single disease, but rather represents different clinical phenotypes that likely have different underlying mechanisms. The terminology has changed from "Asthma COPD Overlap Syndrome" to "ACO" to avoid implying it is a single disease. Diagnosing ACO helps identify COPD patients who may benefit from treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. Experts recommend inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta agonist combination as first-line therapy for ACO.
Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática: Uma Doença com similaridades e suas conexões com...Flávia Salame
This document discusses the perspective that idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) should be considered a neoproliferative disorder similar to cancer, rather than just a reactive fibrotic process. The authors argue that IPF shares many key hallmarks with cancer, including genetic alterations, uncontrolled cell proliferation, tissue invasion, and resistance to apoptosis. While IPF does not metastasize, other neoplastic disorders like desmoid tumors also do not metastasize but are still considered cancers. Considering IPF's poor survival rate and similarities to lung cancer demographics, the authors hope this perspective will provoke further research on IPF from an oncology viewpoint and lead to new clinical trials targeting cell proliferation.
This document summarizes a meeting to discuss a proof of concept study on asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) using electronic medical records. The study aims to test various smoking-related ACOS population definitions across databases to evaluate prevalence and agreement. The meeting reviewed results from a UK pilot study using one database and definitions based on clinical diagnoses over 2 years. Prevalence of ACOS varied from 8-32% depending on the source population. The meeting also discussed expanding the study to other eligible databases and characterizing clinical implications of different definitions.
COPD patients have increased nasal inflammation compared to controls. There is a correlation between the degree of inflammation in the upper and lower airways of COPD patients. Bacterial colonization in the lower airway is associated with higher nasal bacterial loads. This is the first study to report a correlation between upper and lower airway inflammation in COPD.
This document provides guidance on diagnosing and treating patients with asthma, COPD, or asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). It outlines a step-wise approach including 1) determining if a patient has chronic airways disease, 2) making a syndromic diagnosis of asthma, COPD, or ACOS, 3) confirming with spirometry, 4) initiating initial treatment, and 5) referring for further testing if needed. Key points include distinguishing features of asthma and COPD, the overlapping characteristics of ACOS, and ensuring appropriate controller therapy is used depending on the diagnosis. The goal is to accurately diagnose this common problem to optimize treatment outcomes.
Asthma-COPD Overlap Translating Guidelines into Clinical Pracice - CasesAshraf ElAdawy
This document discusses the diagnosis of a 50-year-old female patient presenting with increased shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. Spirometry results show obstructive lung disease with partially reversible airflow obstruction. The document examines features that favor a diagnosis of asthma, COPD, or asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). It outlines definitions and diagnostic criteria for ACOS proposed by various medical organizations. ACOS is defined as having characteristics of both asthma and COPD, with persistent airflow limitation and a history of smoking. The document concludes the patient's diagnosis requires consideration of ACOS.
This document discusses asthma and COPD, including key differences and updates. It provides an overview of asthma, describing it as a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by recurrent wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing. It also provides an overview of COPD, describing it as a common lung disease associated with exposure to noxious particles or gases. The document reviews epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and updates from the GINA and GOLD guidelines for both conditions.
This document provides an updated 2016 global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It summarizes the membership and roles of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) board of directors and science committee. The strategy is intended as a tool for healthcare professionals to implement effective COPD management programs based on available resources. It emphasizes an assessment of symptoms and exacerbation risk to determine treatment.
This document discusses strategies for reducing exacerbations in COPD patients. It finds that frequent exacerbations is a phenotype associated with higher mortality, faster lung function decline, and poorer quality of life. Several drugs are shown to effectively reduce exacerbations, including long-acting bronchodilators like tiotropium, inhaled corticosteroids in combination with long-acting beta agonists, and the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor roflumilast. Vaccines for influenza and pneumococcus can also help prevent exacerbations. Proper management of stable COPD aims to minimize exacerbations through adherence to treatment and active management of exacerbation episodes.
This document provides information on diagnosing and differentially diagnosing COPD, including:
- Key indicators that should prompt consideration of a COPD diagnosis including dyspnea, chronic cough, sputum production, and risk factor exposure. Spirometry is required to confirm COPD.
- Spirometry is the basic investigation needed to diagnose COPD. It assesses airflow limitation through FEV1/FVC ratio and severity through FEV1 levels. Reversibility testing can help differentiate COPD from asthma.
- Additional optional investigations that may be used include imaging like chest X-rays and CT scans to identify emphysema and airway abnormalities, lung volume measurements, diffusing capacity tests, and
A 28-year-old man presented with a 4-week history of dry cough and occasional blood in sputum. He had a history of Kaposi sarcoma 3 years prior. Bronchoscopy revealed caseating granulomas and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified from bronchial wash culture. The patient was started on anti-tuberculosis treatment and showed significant improvement after 6 weeks with resolution of symptoms and clearing of lung infiltrates on chest x-ray. Endobronchial tuberculosis can occur in adults and presents most commonly as mucosal erosions, which if not treated promptly can lead to bronchial stenosis.
This document provides guidelines for the treatment of aspergillosis from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. It finds that voriconazole is recommended as primary treatment for invasive aspergillosis. Liposomal amphotericin B is considered an alternative primary therapy. Salvage therapies include various lipid formulations of amphotericin, posaconazole, itraconazole, caspofungin, or micafungin. Management of chronic or allergic forms depends on the specific condition. The guidelines provide recommendations for treating different forms of aspergillosis based on the available evidence.
Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are associated with high costs, morbidity, and mortality. They result in enormous healthcare expenditures and lost productivity. AECOPD episodes are also linked to accelerated long-term loss of lung function in continuous smokers. While symptoms may recover within a week, full recovery of health-related quality of life can take months. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation should be tried for patients with respiratory acidosis or increased work of breathing from AECOPD as it reduces intubation rates and improves health outcomes. Preventing and properly managing AECOPD is important for reducing its impacts.
This document provides a CV for Professor Gamal Mohamed Rabie Agmy, including his contact information, educational background, positions held, supervision of scientific theses, scientific researches, and scientific awards. He holds a Professor position of chest diseases and respiratory ICU at Assiut University Faculty of Medicine in Egypt. His CV outlines his educational qualifications including degrees in medicine, chest diseases, and lectureships and professorships. It also lists his supervision of 20 theses and over 70 scientific researches presented at various conferences. He has received several scientific awards for his research.
This document summarizes aspergillosis, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), chronic necrotizing aspergillosis (CNA), and aspergilloma. Aspergillus is a common mold that can cause a variety of pulmonary diseases. IPA predominantly affects immunocompromised patients and presents as pneumonia. Diagnosis involves tissue biopsy, galactomannan testing, and imaging. Voriconazole is recommended treatment. CNA occurs in patients with underlying lung disease and is characterized by slow lung tissue invasion. Itraconazole is effective treatment. Aspergilloma involves a fungus ball in a pre-existing lung cavity.
When to Use Antibiotics for an Acute Exacerbation of COPDsmanning500
This document summarizes a presentation on the use of antibiotics in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It provides an overview of COPD, including epidemiology and pathogenesis of exacerbations. Current research on antibiotic trials is reviewed, showing mixed results. Guidelines recommend antibiotics for patients with 3 cardinal symptoms or severe exacerbations. Future research may help identify biomarkers like C-reactive protein and procalcitonin to better guide antibiotic use.
Antibiotics for Acute Exacerbztions of COPD Ashraf ElAdawy
This document discusses the appropriate use of antibiotics in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It states that while steroids and bronchodilators are well-established treatments for exacerbations, there is ongoing debate around antibiotic use. Antibiotics are recommended for moderate to severe exacerbations with increased cough and sputum purulence as this indicates likely bacterial infection. Sputum culture alone should not determine antibiotic use, and severity factors like purulence, underlying lung function, age and comorbidities should guide treatment decisions. Antibiotics may reduce mortality and treatment failure when targeted at patients with bacterial exacerbations.
The assessment of management of stable COPD: an update 2014 by Corlateanu for...Alexandru Corlateanu
The document discusses various approaches to assessing and managing stable COPD, including assessments of severity, phenotypes, and multilateral evaluation. It reviews markers used in different assessment approaches, such as FEV1, symptoms, health status, and exacerbation risk. Non-pharmacological treatments like smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, and vaccinations are outlined. The efficacy and safety of various pharmacological treatments is summarized based on major randomized controlled trials, including long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, their combinations, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Therapeutic strategies for stable COPD are compared between GOLD guidelines and Spanish guidelines.
This document provides guidelines from the American Heart Association and American Thoracic Society for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of pulmonary hypertension in children. It was created by an expert panel through extensive literature review and discussion. The guidelines aim to address gaps in knowledge about pediatric pulmonary hypertension, which differs from the adult form in causes, natural history, and response to treatment. The document presents recommendations to help clinicians manage this condition, though many are based on expert opinion due to the lack of pediatric clinical trials. The goals are to improve care for children with pulmonary hypertension.
This document describes a case of a 48-year-old male admitted with hemoptysis and cough who was found to have a tree-in-bud pattern seen on CT scan, indicative of endobronchial spread of infection in the right upper lobe. The tree-in-bud pattern represents small pulmonary nodules or masses in the secondary pulmonary lobules and is often seen in conditions like tuberculosis. Bronchoscopy revealed white granulation tissue, confirming endobronchial tuberculosis as the cause in this patient.
This 67-year-old woman with mild Alzheimer's disease presents with community-acquired pneumonia based on symptoms of productive cough, fever, confusion and exam findings of crackles in both lower lung fields and CXR infiltrates. She meets 3 CURB-65 criteria (confusion, RR≥30, age≥65) and 4 IDSA-ATS minor criteria (RR≥30, confusion, BUN>20, PaO2/FiO2<250) warranting consideration of ICU admission given risk of deterioration. Based on her nursing home residence and recent hospitalization, she also meets criteria for possible healthcare-associated pneumonia and should receive broad-spectrum antibiotics with MRSA and Pseudomonas coverage along with diagnostic
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common lung disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The main risk factor is cigarette smoking. Symptoms include dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. Diagnosis is confirmed by spirometry showing airflow limitation. Management involves smoking cessation, bronchodilators, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and treating exacerbations with corticosteroids and antibiotics.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
HỘI CHỨNG CHỒNG LẤP HEN PHẾ QUẢN VÀ COPD _ ACOSSoM
This document provides a step-wise approach to diagnosing chronic airflow limitation diseases such as asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). Step 1 involves determining if a patient has a chronic airways disease based on their medical history, physical exam, imaging, and screening questionnaires. Step 2 is a syndromic diagnosis categorizing the patient's features as favoring asthma, COPD, or ACOS. Step 3 is confirming with spirometry and Step 4 starting initial therapy. Step 5 refers patients for specialized tests if needed to distinguish between the conditions. ACOS is identified by features shared with both asthma and COPD.
This document provides an overview of asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). It discusses how asthma and COPD were traditionally viewed as distinct conditions but some patients exhibit features of both. Patients with ACOS have worse health outcomes than those with asthma or COPD alone. The document reviews clinical features of ACOS and provides guidance on diagnosing patients based on their symptoms, lung function tests, and other features. It also discusses treatment approaches for ACOS.
This document provides guidance on diagnosing and treating patients with asthma, COPD, or asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). It outlines a step-wise approach including 1) determining if a patient has chronic airways disease, 2) making a syndromic diagnosis of asthma, COPD, or ACOS, 3) confirming with spirometry, 4) initiating initial treatment, and 5) referring for further testing if needed. Key points include distinguishing features of asthma and COPD, the overlapping characteristics of ACOS, and ensuring appropriate controller therapy is used depending on the diagnosis. The goal is to accurately diagnose this common problem to optimize treatment outcomes.
Asthma-COPD Overlap Translating Guidelines into Clinical Pracice - CasesAshraf ElAdawy
This document discusses the diagnosis of a 50-year-old female patient presenting with increased shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. Spirometry results show obstructive lung disease with partially reversible airflow obstruction. The document examines features that favor a diagnosis of asthma, COPD, or asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). It outlines definitions and diagnostic criteria for ACOS proposed by various medical organizations. ACOS is defined as having characteristics of both asthma and COPD, with persistent airflow limitation and a history of smoking. The document concludes the patient's diagnosis requires consideration of ACOS.
This document discusses asthma and COPD, including key differences and updates. It provides an overview of asthma, describing it as a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by recurrent wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing. It also provides an overview of COPD, describing it as a common lung disease associated with exposure to noxious particles or gases. The document reviews epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and updates from the GINA and GOLD guidelines for both conditions.
This document provides an updated 2016 global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It summarizes the membership and roles of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) board of directors and science committee. The strategy is intended as a tool for healthcare professionals to implement effective COPD management programs based on available resources. It emphasizes an assessment of symptoms and exacerbation risk to determine treatment.
This document discusses strategies for reducing exacerbations in COPD patients. It finds that frequent exacerbations is a phenotype associated with higher mortality, faster lung function decline, and poorer quality of life. Several drugs are shown to effectively reduce exacerbations, including long-acting bronchodilators like tiotropium, inhaled corticosteroids in combination with long-acting beta agonists, and the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor roflumilast. Vaccines for influenza and pneumococcus can also help prevent exacerbations. Proper management of stable COPD aims to minimize exacerbations through adherence to treatment and active management of exacerbation episodes.
This document provides information on diagnosing and differentially diagnosing COPD, including:
- Key indicators that should prompt consideration of a COPD diagnosis including dyspnea, chronic cough, sputum production, and risk factor exposure. Spirometry is required to confirm COPD.
- Spirometry is the basic investigation needed to diagnose COPD. It assesses airflow limitation through FEV1/FVC ratio and severity through FEV1 levels. Reversibility testing can help differentiate COPD from asthma.
- Additional optional investigations that may be used include imaging like chest X-rays and CT scans to identify emphysema and airway abnormalities, lung volume measurements, diffusing capacity tests, and
A 28-year-old man presented with a 4-week history of dry cough and occasional blood in sputum. He had a history of Kaposi sarcoma 3 years prior. Bronchoscopy revealed caseating granulomas and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified from bronchial wash culture. The patient was started on anti-tuberculosis treatment and showed significant improvement after 6 weeks with resolution of symptoms and clearing of lung infiltrates on chest x-ray. Endobronchial tuberculosis can occur in adults and presents most commonly as mucosal erosions, which if not treated promptly can lead to bronchial stenosis.
This document provides guidelines for the treatment of aspergillosis from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. It finds that voriconazole is recommended as primary treatment for invasive aspergillosis. Liposomal amphotericin B is considered an alternative primary therapy. Salvage therapies include various lipid formulations of amphotericin, posaconazole, itraconazole, caspofungin, or micafungin. Management of chronic or allergic forms depends on the specific condition. The guidelines provide recommendations for treating different forms of aspergillosis based on the available evidence.
Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are associated with high costs, morbidity, and mortality. They result in enormous healthcare expenditures and lost productivity. AECOPD episodes are also linked to accelerated long-term loss of lung function in continuous smokers. While symptoms may recover within a week, full recovery of health-related quality of life can take months. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation should be tried for patients with respiratory acidosis or increased work of breathing from AECOPD as it reduces intubation rates and improves health outcomes. Preventing and properly managing AECOPD is important for reducing its impacts.
This document provides a CV for Professor Gamal Mohamed Rabie Agmy, including his contact information, educational background, positions held, supervision of scientific theses, scientific researches, and scientific awards. He holds a Professor position of chest diseases and respiratory ICU at Assiut University Faculty of Medicine in Egypt. His CV outlines his educational qualifications including degrees in medicine, chest diseases, and lectureships and professorships. It also lists his supervision of 20 theses and over 70 scientific researches presented at various conferences. He has received several scientific awards for his research.
This document summarizes aspergillosis, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), chronic necrotizing aspergillosis (CNA), and aspergilloma. Aspergillus is a common mold that can cause a variety of pulmonary diseases. IPA predominantly affects immunocompromised patients and presents as pneumonia. Diagnosis involves tissue biopsy, galactomannan testing, and imaging. Voriconazole is recommended treatment. CNA occurs in patients with underlying lung disease and is characterized by slow lung tissue invasion. Itraconazole is effective treatment. Aspergilloma involves a fungus ball in a pre-existing lung cavity.
When to Use Antibiotics for an Acute Exacerbation of COPDsmanning500
This document summarizes a presentation on the use of antibiotics in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It provides an overview of COPD, including epidemiology and pathogenesis of exacerbations. Current research on antibiotic trials is reviewed, showing mixed results. Guidelines recommend antibiotics for patients with 3 cardinal symptoms or severe exacerbations. Future research may help identify biomarkers like C-reactive protein and procalcitonin to better guide antibiotic use.
Antibiotics for Acute Exacerbztions of COPD Ashraf ElAdawy
This document discusses the appropriate use of antibiotics in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It states that while steroids and bronchodilators are well-established treatments for exacerbations, there is ongoing debate around antibiotic use. Antibiotics are recommended for moderate to severe exacerbations with increased cough and sputum purulence as this indicates likely bacterial infection. Sputum culture alone should not determine antibiotic use, and severity factors like purulence, underlying lung function, age and comorbidities should guide treatment decisions. Antibiotics may reduce mortality and treatment failure when targeted at patients with bacterial exacerbations.
The assessment of management of stable COPD: an update 2014 by Corlateanu for...Alexandru Corlateanu
The document discusses various approaches to assessing and managing stable COPD, including assessments of severity, phenotypes, and multilateral evaluation. It reviews markers used in different assessment approaches, such as FEV1, symptoms, health status, and exacerbation risk. Non-pharmacological treatments like smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, and vaccinations are outlined. The efficacy and safety of various pharmacological treatments is summarized based on major randomized controlled trials, including long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, their combinations, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Therapeutic strategies for stable COPD are compared between GOLD guidelines and Spanish guidelines.
This document provides guidelines from the American Heart Association and American Thoracic Society for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of pulmonary hypertension in children. It was created by an expert panel through extensive literature review and discussion. The guidelines aim to address gaps in knowledge about pediatric pulmonary hypertension, which differs from the adult form in causes, natural history, and response to treatment. The document presents recommendations to help clinicians manage this condition, though many are based on expert opinion due to the lack of pediatric clinical trials. The goals are to improve care for children with pulmonary hypertension.
This document describes a case of a 48-year-old male admitted with hemoptysis and cough who was found to have a tree-in-bud pattern seen on CT scan, indicative of endobronchial spread of infection in the right upper lobe. The tree-in-bud pattern represents small pulmonary nodules or masses in the secondary pulmonary lobules and is often seen in conditions like tuberculosis. Bronchoscopy revealed white granulation tissue, confirming endobronchial tuberculosis as the cause in this patient.
This 67-year-old woman with mild Alzheimer's disease presents with community-acquired pneumonia based on symptoms of productive cough, fever, confusion and exam findings of crackles in both lower lung fields and CXR infiltrates. She meets 3 CURB-65 criteria (confusion, RR≥30, age≥65) and 4 IDSA-ATS minor criteria (RR≥30, confusion, BUN>20, PaO2/FiO2<250) warranting consideration of ICU admission given risk of deterioration. Based on her nursing home residence and recent hospitalization, she also meets criteria for possible healthcare-associated pneumonia and should receive broad-spectrum antibiotics with MRSA and Pseudomonas coverage along with diagnostic
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common lung disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The main risk factor is cigarette smoking. Symptoms include dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. Diagnosis is confirmed by spirometry showing airflow limitation. Management involves smoking cessation, bronchodilators, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and treating exacerbations with corticosteroids and antibiotics.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
HỘI CHỨNG CHỒNG LẤP HEN PHẾ QUẢN VÀ COPD _ ACOSSoM
This document provides a step-wise approach to diagnosing chronic airflow limitation diseases such as asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). Step 1 involves determining if a patient has a chronic airways disease based on their medical history, physical exam, imaging, and screening questionnaires. Step 2 is a syndromic diagnosis categorizing the patient's features as favoring asthma, COPD, or ACOS. Step 3 is confirming with spirometry and Step 4 starting initial therapy. Step 5 refers patients for specialized tests if needed to distinguish between the conditions. ACOS is identified by features shared with both asthma and COPD.
This document provides an overview of asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). It discusses how asthma and COPD were traditionally viewed as distinct conditions but some patients exhibit features of both. Patients with ACOS have worse health outcomes than those with asthma or COPD alone. The document reviews clinical features of ACOS and provides guidance on diagnosing patients based on their symptoms, lung function tests, and other features. It also discusses treatment approaches for ACOS.
Occurrence of COPD in Patients with Respiratory Allergy: A Clinico-Spirometri...DR. SUJOY MUKHERJEE
This study evaluated the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with respiratory allergy symptoms. 550 patients aged 18-60 years with chronic respiratory symptoms were divided into two groups - those with symptoms of respiratory allergy like nasal congestion and sneezing (n=260) and those without allergy symptoms (n=290). Both groups underwent spirometric testing and were categorized based on lung function. The study found that 18.97% of the non-allergic group had COPD, compared to only 7.69% of the allergic group, and this difference was statistically significant. Additionally, post-bronchodilator spirometry values were significantly lower in the non-
1. This cross-sectional study aims to identify common organisms causing infections in COPD and asthma patients by sputum culture and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated microorganisms.
2. Sputum samples will be collected from 100 COPD and asthma patients experiencing acute exacerbations at a hospital in Jodhpur, India. Samples will undergo culture and identification of bacteria/fungi followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
3. Preliminary results from previous studies suggest bacteria like H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and M. catarrhalis commonly cause COPD exacerbations, while studies of asthma patient microbiota show alterations compared to healthy individuals.
This study evaluated the co-morbidities of adult smokers at risk of COPD over a 6-year period. The study followed 513 healthy asymptomatic heavy smokers with over 20 years of smoking history and no chronic diseases. After 6 years, 43.1% of smokers suffered from at least one co-morbidity and were taking daily medications. The most common were for metabolic syndrome diseases (20%) and arteriosclerotic diseases (9.7%). Overall, 4% of smokers died during the study, half from cancer and others from arteriosclerosis. The study concludes that adult smokers have a similar risk of developing co-morbidities as COPD patients.
COPD is a common lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation caused by damage to the lungs, usually from smoking. It is the fourth leading cause of death. Symptoms include shortness of breath, chronic cough, and sputum production. Diagnosis is confirmed by pulmonary function tests showing airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Treatment focuses on reducing symptoms and exacerbations through bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and managing comorbidities.
Diagnosis and management of asthma in older adultsDoha Rasheedy
This document discusses the diagnosis and management of asthma in older adults. Some key points include:
- Asthma is often misdiagnosed in the elderly due to similar symptoms with other common conditions. Spirometry and demonstrating reversibility are important for diagnosis.
- Asthma in the elderly can be classified as long-standing or late-onset. Long-standing asthma is associated with worse outcomes.
- Fixed obstructive patterns on pulmonary function tests may indicate airway remodeling from long-term inflammation.
- Alternative lung function measures like impulse oscillometry may be better for elderly patients who cannot perform standard spirometry.
- Treatment focuses on inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, but
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and lungs. The major risk factors are cigarette smoking and exposure to occupational dusts and chemicals. Clinically, COPD most commonly presents with exertional dyspnea, chronic cough, and sputum production that typically worsens over time. Pathologically, COPD involves chronic inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma, along with the destruction of lung tissue seen in emphysema.
1) The patient presents with a history of recurrent chest infections and inspiratory crackles on examination. Imaging and pulmonary function tests are required to diagnose interstitial lung disease.
2) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive form of interstitial lung disease of unknown cause characterized by fibrosis of the lungs. It carries a poor prognosis with median survival of 3 years.
3) Diagnosis requires ruling out other causes through history, imaging showing reticular opacities and honeycombing, and lung biopsy if imaging is not definitive. Treatment focuses on managing complications, vaccination, oxygen therapy and consideration of lung transplantation in advanced cases.
This document defines chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and describes its pathophysiology, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnostic assessment, management, and nursing care. COPD is characterized by airflow limitation caused by chronic bronchitis or emphysema. It involves inflammation in the central and peripheral airways leading to mucus hypersecretion, cilia dysfunction, and structural remodeling. Management includes pharmacological therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and nursing interventions focused on breathing exercises and airway clearance.
Numerous studies have shown that women have an increased susceptibility to chronic respiratory conditions.This presentation explores briefly into the epidemiology, the gender differences in disease presentation and its wider healthcare implications.
1. The document discusses the diagnostic confusion between COPD and asthma, and examines the Dutch and British hypotheses regarding their origins.
2. It provides definitions of COPD and asthma from clinical guidelines, and notes there is significant overlap between the two conditions.
3. Exacerbations are described for both COPD and asthma, with COPD exacerbations characterized mainly by increased respiratory symptoms and asthma exacerbations involving a variety of symptoms that vary in intensity.
4. The document advocates for a unified airway approach in managing exacerbations that follows a similar treatment path, while also exploring new personalized medicine approaches.
The document discusses several topics related to pathology including COPD, ARDS, asthma, and pneumoconiosis. It provides details on the etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, and complications of COPD. It also describes the gross and microscopic findings of ARDS. Several case studies are presented related to diagnostic challenges.
The document discusses smoking-related interstitial lung diseases. Cigarette smoke can injure lung cells through oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially leading to fibrosis in some smokers. Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD) is a rare smoking-related lung condition seen in heavy smokers, with symptoms of cough and wheezing. Physiologic testing may show obstruction, restriction, or normal results. Radiographs often appear normal or show subtle reticulation, especially in lung bases.
This document provides information on the care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It defines COPD and lists its components. It describes the causes and risk factors, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, medical management including pharmacotherapy, surgical options, pulmonary rehabilitation, and nursing management of COPD patients. The medical management focuses on assessing and monitoring the disease, reducing risk factors, managing stable COPD, and managing exacerbations according to WHO guidelines.
This document provides information about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including its causes, stages, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments. The main causes of COPD are smoking and air pollution. There are four stages of COPD that increase in severity from mild shortness of breath to life-threatening symptoms. Diagnosis involves pulmonary function tests, imaging, and other exams. Treatments include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and pulmonary rehabilitation.
This document provides an overview of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). It defines COPD and discusses its burden, risk factors, pathology, and history. It notes that COPD is characterized by airflow limitation caused by an inflammatory response in the lungs to noxious particles. The document outlines the learning objectives which are to understand COPD definition, burden, risk factors, and pathogenesis. It also discusses the prevalence of COPD internationally, underdiagnosis in the US, and the economic and social burden of the disease.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease..It is one of the most affecting lung disease.. In detailed explanation of disease is there and including its ayurvedic aspect of management is also there...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common preventable respiratory disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation caused by airway and alveolar abnormalities due to significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. The document discusses the definition, epidemiology including risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical features, complications, staging, and management of COPD according to the GOLD guidelines. It also provides case scenarios and discusses approaches to diagnosing and differentiating COPD from other conditions.