Ashley Waddy English 112 November 23, 2015 Poverty 2 What I Know, Assume, or Imagine Poverty is the state of lacking something. Personally, I view poverty as the lack of ability in monetary terms. This is conveyed about by, one being declared bankrupt or unemployment or even one being lazy. These factors have led to people reoccupying their households and dwelling in the slums. Not everyone though, who lives in the slums is poor and not everyone who also lives well is rich. From what I have learned, everyone who lives below one Dollar a day is poor.The Search According to the dictionary, poverty is the state of lacking a social or common acceptable amount of material possessions or money. World Bank describes poverty as a deprivation of one’s wellbeing which comprises many dimensions. This is the inability of acquiring the basic goods and services and low incomes Also, poverty girdles inadequate security, lack of a voice or say, low opportunity and capacity to better one’s livelihood, poor access to sanitation and clean water, and low levels of education and health. Poverty is measured as either relative poverty or absolute poverty also known as extreme poverty. The Copenhagen Declaration focuses only on absolute poverty. Absolute poverty is the condition brought about by severe lack of basic human needs. These are food, clothing, shelter and security. Education, health and information are also included. Absolute poverty is the state where one lives below one Dollar a day and relative poverty is the state by which one lives below two Dollars a day. Relative poverty on the other hand is the state in which an individual lives within a society. This varies in most countries, but as stated above, anyone who lives below two Dollars a day is termed to be relatively poor. According to a survey conducted by the World Bank Development Indicators in 2008, 12% of the world’s population are extremely poor. This means that these people live below one Dollar a day. 8% of the same population lived on 1.25 Dollars a day, 6% at 1.45 Dollars and 14% at 2 Dollars a day. This means that 28% of the world’s population are relatively poor. Generally, less than 80% of the population live below 10 Dollars a day. The main causes of poverty around the World are, bad government policies, lack of individual responsibility, power and influence among businesses and exploitation of people. There are more factors like, agricultural cycles, warfare, natural disasters, power centralization, corruption and environmental degradation. However, each of the causes above has a solution. In agricultural cycles, there are people in many parts of the world who rely solely on agriculture as their source of wealth and basic commodities. Normally, all consumption commodities will rely on the agricultural cycles. Take an example of fruits and vegetables. For the families who rely on these commodities, there are periods wh ...

1. Ashley Waddy
English 112
November 23, 2015
Poverty
2
What I Know, Assume, or Imagine
Poverty is the state of lacking something. Personally, I view
poverty as the lack of ability in monetary terms. This is
conveyed about by, one being declared bankrupt or
unemployment or even one being lazy. These factors have led to
people reoccupying their households and dwelling in the slums.
Not everyone though, who lives in the slums is poor and not
everyone who also lives well is rich. From what I have learned,
everyone who lives below one Dollar a day is poor.The Search
According to the dictionary, poverty is the state of lacking a
social or common acceptable amount of material possessions or
money. World Bank describes poverty as a deprivation of one’s
wellbeing which comprises many dimensions. This is the
inability of acquiring the basic goods and services and low
incomes
Also, poverty girdles inadequate security, lack of a voice or say,
low opportunity and capacity to better one’s livelihood, poor
access to sanitation and clean water, and low levels of education
and health.
Poverty is measured as either relative poverty or absolute
poverty also known as extreme poverty. The Copenhagen
Declaration focuses only on absolute poverty. Absolute poverty
is the condition brought about by severe lack of basic human
needs. These are food, clothing, shelter and security. Education,
health and information are also included.
Absolute poverty is the state where one lives below one Dollar a
day and relative poverty is the state by which one lives below
two Dollars a day.

2. Relative poverty on the other hand is the state in which an
individual lives within a society. This varies in most countries,
but as stated above, anyone who lives below two Dollars a day
is termed to be relatively poor.
According to a survey conducted by the World Bank
Development Indicators in 2008, 12% of the world’s population
are extremely poor. This means that these people live below one
Dollar a day. 8% of the same population lived on 1.25 Dollars a
day, 6% at 1.45 Dollars and 14% at 2 Dollars a day. This means
that 28% of the world’s population are relatively poor.
Generally, less than 80% of the population live below 10
Dollars a day.
The main causes of poverty around the World are, bad
government policies, lack of individual responsibility, power
and influence among businesses and exploitation of people.
There are more factors like, agricultural cycles, warfare, natural
disasters, power centralization, corruption and environmental
degradation.
However, each of the causes above has a solution. In
agricultural cycles, there are people in many parts of the world
who rely solely on agriculture as their source of wealth and
basic commodities. Normally, all consumption commodities will
rely on the agricultural cycles. Take an example of fruits and
vegetables. For the families who rely on these commodities,
there are periods which they will experience scarcity thus
hunger. This will then lead to lack of sufficient resources to
satisfy their minimal nutrition needs thus causing diseases.
However, they can plant their agricultural products in cycles
too. For example, if a commodity takes three months to mature,
they can subdivide the land to accommodate all their
commodities and ensure that they plant every month to ensure
the flow of food.
For instance, of natural disasters, nothing can be done to stop
them, but prevention measures can be taken. Individually, one
can take insurance for their belongings. This will help rebuild
after am occurrence. To the nation’s most prone to the disasters,

3. infrastructures should be constructed to withhold the aftermath.
For example, in nations prone to earthquakes, they should have
policies on how buildings are to be constructed. This will
prevent the numbers of casualties affected. In areas prone to
floods, strong infrastructure should be brought up to withhold
the floods.What I Discovered
According to the study, I came to learn that most people in the
world are poor. It is up to each and every one to prevent
poverty. Most factors that bring about poverty can be evaded.
Take an example of corruption. Rooting out the corrupt leaders
can be a great step towards eradicating poverty.
We should take it upon ourselves to also get rid of those
behaviors and morals that are slowly eating us up from within.
Take an example of social inequality. No matter our religious
differences, I believe that we are all equal in the eyes of the
Lord thus by implementing this theory we can assist the
children living in the slums. Providing education to these
children will help bring up a better tomorrow, thus bringing us a
step closer to eradicating poverty.
References
Encyclopedia Britannica, 'Poverty | Sociology'. N.P., 2014.
Web. 23 Nov. 2015.
Gdrc.org, 'Causes of Poverty'. N.P., 2015. Web. 23 Nov. 2015.
Jensen, Eric. Teaching with Poverty in Mind. Alexandria, Va.:
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development,
2009. Print.
Worldbank.org, 'Poverty Home'. N.P., 2015. Web. 23 Nov.
2015.
November 9, 2015
Child Abuse
According to the article Child Abuse, Child Protection, and

4. Disabled Children, which is a review of academic journals from
1996 to 2009, indicates that there is a strong correlation
between a child’s disability and child abuse (Stalker, Kirsten,
and McArthur 24). It indicates that physically challenged
children are more likely to experience child abuse than their
peers who are not. They are at a higher risk of getting physical,
emotional and physical abuse and higher chances of neglect
even by caregivers. The authors further denote that the
therapeutic services and criminal justice systems fail to take
into account the needs and increased vulnerability of physically
challenged children. At times, little is known about what
happens to safeguard the welfare of children with disabilities.
Pointing out that it is very likely that the abuse of physically
challenged children is underreported and for various reasons,
physicians may fail to identify abuse of physically challenged
children. Within child protection services, physically
challenged children often lack priority either because they are
the minority or because few people seem to recognize them
(Stalker, Kirsten, and McArthur 30). Alongside some
innovative practices, there is much opportunity for improvement
as it regards the protection of physically challenged children.
They further note that every child has a right to safe, treated
fairly and gain access to vital services.
According to the authors, the abuse to these physically
challenged children is by people known to them sometimes
neighbors and relatives (Stalker, Kirsten, and McArthur 38).
Research also proves that children who experience sexual abuse
at an early age have difficulties in learning. Few of them are
likely to disclose the painful experiences to adults although
they can turn to a trust friend family member or teacher. In
conclusion, few of the physically challenged children know
their rights on protection and, therefore, a reduced possibility
that they will speak out in case it happens

5. Works Cited
Stalker, Kirsten, and Katherine McArthur. "Child abuse, child
protection and disabled children: A review of recent research."
Child Abuse Review 21.1 (2012): 24-40.
English 112
Mini-Assignment 3
Examining Appeals to Ethos and Pathos
Directions: Use the following questions to guide your analysis
of the writer’s appeals to ethos and pathos. Answer the
following questions for two of your sources. Then, post your
answers in the assignment link.
1. What image does the writer project of himself or herself in
this argument? What is the writer’s investment in the issue?
2. How does the writer convey that he or she is knowledgeable
about the issue?
3. Where does the writer acknowledge alternative views? What
makes you think the writer is fair in his/her summary or
recognition of these views?
4. Which of the strategies for engaging the audience’s emotions
and imagination does the writer use: concrete language, specific
examples, narratives, and connotative and metaphoric language?
5. How are the writer’s appeals to ethos and pathos tailored to
the argument’s original audience and site of publication?
6. For you, the reader, how important are the ethos of the writer
and the emotional and imaginative appeals in winning your
consideration of this argument?

6. Persuasive Techniques Review: Ethos, Pathos, and Logos
1
A writer must use support in order to make his or her argument
convincing. Support usually begins with facts and examples
(hypothetical or real-life examples). Then, the writer will use
various persuasive techniques to connect the facts and/or
examples directly to the claim(s) he or she is making.
Insufficient support may cause the audience to doubt the writer,
and ultimately work against the goal of the essay (to persuade).
For example, if I would like to make the argument that, “All
drivers over the age of 70 should be required to pass yearly
competency tests,” and my only support is a detailed example of
an incident that occurred when my elderly neighbor drove
through my living room and almost killed my sister, my
audience would not be convinced of my original claim.
It is critical for the writer to step out of his or her role
throughout this process and consider the essay from the
audience’s point of view. That is the only way to determine the
persuasiveness of the essay.
Arguments need support

7. 2
Appeals to ethos support an argument by focusing on the
character of the arguer- We generally believe those whom we
respect. You want to seem unbiased, honest, and forthright in
your arguments.
Ethos: Who are you to be making such assertions?
3
One great example of ethos comes from a prior student of mine.
In her essay about parents’ responsibility to make healthy
choices for their children in order to avoid obesity, the student
establishes a strong and careful sense of ethos. Rather than
having the preachy tone of a health expert, she portrays herself
as a busy mom who understands the challenges of raising kids
in today’s society. She even offers examples of how she has
failed to make the healthiest choices in the past. Pointing out
her own failures allows her reader to empathize with her and
want to make good choices, rather than feeling like isolated
failures who are being lectured to by someone who doesn’t “get
it.” In other words, I am more likely to be convinced by
someone who has shown herself to be a busy mom like me.

8. In order for a writer to establish a sense of ethos, he or she must
spend time thinking about his or her intended audience.
Establishing a sense of ethos
Logos not only refers to the facts and statistics a writer uses to
support his arguments, but also includes the clear reasons for
the claims the writer uses to appeal to his audience’s sense of
logic.
For example, If I would like to make the argument that,
“Smoking should be banned in all public places,” I might use
shocking statistics that reveal the harmful effects of second-
hand smoke. Then, I would relate these statistics to the
argument by discussing how smoking affects more than just the
smoker.
Appeal to Logic (Logos)
5
Pathos, or the use of emotional appeals, obviously target the

9. reader’s emotions. This is a common persuasive technique used
in advertising. The writer wants his or her audience to feel some
sort of emotion to make them more likely to agree with his or
her statements.
When I was pregnant with my first daughter, I dragged my
husband to a baby expo where I was promised lots of advice and
free samples. The presenter began the expo by telling us all
horrible accounts of babies dying from being harmed by all
sorts of baby products. Image the audience, full of hormonal,
pregnant women. He wanted us to feel fear in order to put us in
the perfect frame of mind for the next part of his presentation:
his products. Then, he proceeded to introduce his expensive
products which would save our babies’ lives. He then wondered,
“If you don’t buy my product, how will you sleep at night
knowing you didn’t spend the extra few hundred dollars on the
safety of your child?” This is an example of a rhetorical
question, but also an emotional appeal. He didn’t want to know
how I would sleep; he just wanted to make me, and the other
pregnant ladies, feel guilty for knowing the facts and choosing
to buy the cheap Target stroller or high chair. The man was
targeting these emotions to persuade us to buy his products.
Appeal to Emotion (Pathos)
6
When a writer uses pathos, he or she is appealing to the

10. audience in order to get them to feel an emotion that will
encourage their acceptance of his or her claims.
Example: If I am writing an essay to support my claim that,
“The death penalty should be enforced in all states,” I might
offer a hypothetical example that describes a terrorist behind
bars who still has contact with others outside of jail. I would
use images of the destruction the man is still capable of
carrying out while still in jail to make my reader feel fear and
anxiety about the dangers of those in jail who still want to harm
people. These emotions would make my readers more inclined
to agree with my arguments. Again, hypothetical examples are
effective means of targeting a reader’s emotions.
Appeal to Emotion (Pathos) continued: