Uploaded byMiriam Mayang Azurin
ASEAN and climate change final
1) The ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint aims to increase economic efficiency and accumulation of wealth but does so at the risk of worsening climate change impacts. 2) While ASEAN countries are highly vulnerable to climate change, the region has low readiness and a fragmented approach to climate policies. 3) ASEAN's focus on expanding trade and investment through economic partnerships and infrastructure projects supports capitalist interests but intensifies greenhouse gas emissions.
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ASEAN and climate change final
- 1. ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC) BLUEPRINT:A ROAD TO CLIMATE PERDITION Mayang Azurin Policy and Communications Coordinator CSO Partnership for Development Effectiveness Presented to ASEAN Civil Society Conference / ASEAN Peoples Forum PH 2017, 14 November 2017, Parallel Session on ASEAN and Climate Change ASEAN Economic Blueprint: A road to climate perdition
- 2. Key takeaways: 1) ASEAN’svision for a single economic and production base is for capitalist efficiency and increased accumulation of wealth 1) ASEAN’s policies on climate change is tokenistic, fragmented and even meant to rake in more profits from the climate crisis 1) AEC is a road to increased climate injustice
- 3. High vulnerability, lowreadiness • ASEAN is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change impacts • Low contribution to C02 emission but FASTEST CO2 emission growth in the world • annual increase of 5% in C02 emissions from 1990-2010 • 90% of regional GHG emissions come from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam • Root causes of C02 emissions: 1) deforestation 2) land usage 3) low improvement in energy intensity 4) increased reliance on fossil fue • 2.5%-3.5% of regional GDP used between 2010-2015 to mitigate GHG emissions • Factors increasing vulnerabilities: 1) growing urban population,2) long coastlines, 3) as well as high concentration of people and economical activities along coastal areas.
- 6. ASEAN work onclimate change: too many to mention • ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) Blueprint. “Ensuring Environmental Sustainability” along with key of actions to be taken to address the impacts of climate change. • 2009 ASEAN established ASEAN Working Group on Climate Change (AWGCC) to implement the ASEAN Climate Change Initiative (ACCI) • ASEAN also has ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance (AHA) Center that deals with disaster management. • One ASEAN One Response, September 2016 • ASEAN statements on Conference of Parties (climate talks) • Declaration on Climate Change in 2007
- 7. Gaps in policies:Why? • No bold and clear actions • Affirmation and establishment of related institutions not enough to overcome the climate change impacts • No unified interventions due to differing climate vulnerabilities and priorities in ASEAN • Focus of individual national communication is mitigation more than adaptation • Highly fragmented framework of ASEAN despite a number of climate change policies • Reduction of energy efficiency is not enough to keep global average temperatures to “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.” • Not able to make a unified voice in IPCC negotiations • In fact, it is intensifying energy use
- 8. AEC and climatechange: token languages • “Create a more dynamic and resilient ASEAN, capable of responding and adjusting to emerging challenges through robust national and regional mechanisms that address food and energy security issues, natural disasters, economic shocks, and other emerging trade-related issues as well as global mega trends “ • Enable sustainable production and equitable distribution Increase resilience to climate change, natural disasters and other shocks • Reduce energy intensity in ASEAN by 20 percent as a medium- term target in 2020 and 30 percent as a long -term target in 2025 based on 2005 level – AEC Blueprint 2025
- 9. ASEAN is aboutcapitalist efficiency at the risk of people and the planet Global Value Chains - the heart of ASEAN’s single market and production base which is the TNC’s for efficient value chains and therefore increasing profits and accumulation of wealth
- 10. • Setting upa conducive ecosystem for regional value chains (RVC) / GVCs controlled by TNCs: • Trade policies to make a single production and economic base such as comprehensive economic partnership agreements (CEPs) with China, Japan, Republic of Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand. RCEP, FTAs, ASEAN++ following the same coherence and even beyond the rules set by WTO • Energy requirements – setting up of ASEAN Power Grid and Trans- ASEAN Gas Pipeline • Infrastructure requirement – network of road and railway)integration and inter-modal interconnectivity, with principal airports, ports, and inland waterway and ferry links and support for China’s One Belt One Road ASEAN is about capitalist efficiency at the risk of people and the planet
- 11. • Capitalist efficiencycomplemented by lessening the trade restrictive effects and costs of non-tariff measures (NTM) that address regulatory objectives such as environmental, health and safety, security or cultural considerations • Increasing vulnerabilities of the poor peoples’ livelihood by providing for progressive liberalisation of existing investment restrictions in manufacturing, agriculture, fishery, forestry and mining and the services incidental to these sectors • Intensively fuelling an economy based on dirty energy through the promotion of carbon technologies, biofuels, clean coal technologies and building civilian nuclear energy ASEAN is about capitalist efficiency at the risk of people and the planet
- 12. Current responses frompeople • Resist ASEAN and assert for climate justice • Hold your governments to account (climate commitments, effective use of financing for development not realign public funds as leverage for private investments • Mobilise against CEPs and FTAs • Support for sustainable smallholders and local producers • Move for systems change
- 13. Thank you! Mayang Azurin comms@csopartnership.org Formore information visit our website at: www.csopartnership.org You can contact us at: secretariat@csopartnership.org For GPEDC policy concerns: comms@csopartnership.org For membership and outreach concerns: membership@csopartnership.org Follow us on Twitter: @CSOPartnership_ Like us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/CSOPartnerships
Editor's Notes
- #3 Video to explain a global value chain -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owQzo82ac_M Let me start by showing a brief explanation on how global value chains work so it’ll be easier to explain how our economic blueprint heavily impacts on climate change.
- #4 http://www.theaseanpost.com/article/weathering-storm-southeast-asia ADB (Asian Development Bank) titled “Southeast Asia and the Economies of Global Climate Stabilisation,” In recent years, several ASEAN countries have suffered from natural disasters such as drought, sea level rise, and typhoon. Indonesia and Thailand were hit by tsunami in 2004, earthquake happened in Myanmar in 2012, and also Philippines and Vietnam suffered from Taiphoon Haiyan in 2013.
- #5 - Explain the difference between mitigation and adaptation and why adaptation is impt for ASEAN The pioneers, Vietnam and the Philippines, see “adaptation as an urgent need and have implemented new institutional arrangements to address it – as natural disasters have acted as “focusing events” that stimulate climate change mitigation policy engagements”. In the Philippines, its geographical location is “highly susceptible to hydro-meteorological hazards and its vulnerability is exacerbated by poverty, making adaptation measures very important.” In Vietnam, “higher adaptation measures are driven by a recognition that the impacts of climate change in the country is severe and addressing them timely has potential co-benefits to its economy.” On the other hand, the emerging champions, Cambodia, Indonesia and Myanmar, are “taking new approaches to adaptation – as they have significant climate related sensitivities.” Conversely, Lao, Malaysia and Thailand are adopting a “wait-and-see approach” in terms of adaptation. This shows that countries with “less exposure to disasters have tended to be complacent about adaptation, such that policies and programs in place are disjointed, weak or limited in impact.” The ASEAN member states have different experiences with adaptation, but collectively offer valuable lessons, insights and examples on how to prepare for and respond to the impacts of climate change. Source: https://www.sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate/SEI-DB-2016-Climate-adaptation-readiness-ASEAN.pdf
- #6 - Explain the three pillars of ASEAN. It seems they are all equal but in practice, it is the economic pillar made concrete by the ASEAN Economic Blueprint that is the most important part and is the masterplan for realising the economic integration of ASEAN’s vision.
- #7 ACCI - which is a consultative platform to enhance region’s capability in implementing mitigation and adaptation measures.
- #8 Even at the 24th ASEAN Leaders’ Meeting in Nay Pyi Taw in 2014, President U Thein Sein said that AHA Center had not yet made sufficient response so far. ASEAN should have common position on climate change issue although it might not be easy for ASEAN to do so since each member had different priorities. Indonesia focus heavily on mitigation measures and forest fire, the Phillipines on adaptation measures, and Singapore on sea level rise. However, it was highly suggested that ASEAN should have common position at least on general issue. IPCC - Large players in ASEAN affects the blocs potential influencing power as a developing country formation in IPCC negotiations Mitigation – is eliminating GHG emiisions Adaptation – is on anticipating threats and minimizing the impacts