ABB TURBO SUPER CHARGER

1. AZAD INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY LKO
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
PERSENTATION ON:-
TURBO SUPER CHARGER AND IT’S WORKING &
MAINTAINCE
Submitted To :- Submitted By:-
Er. Nehal Akhtar Md Sultan
Assistance PROFESSORPROFESSOR B.tech 4th
yr ME

3. WHAT IS A TURBOCHARGER ?
• It is a turbine driven compressor.
• It uses the waste energy from exhaust gas to
increase the charge mass of air and power of

4. WHY WE USE ?
 It uses some of the unused energy contained in the hot exhaust
gases.
Wide range of power levels.
Increases the density of the air to add more fuel.
Reduces specific fuel oil consumption.
Improves mechanical, thermal efficiencies.

5. INTRODUCTION
• The power out put of an engine
depends upon the amount of air
inducted per unit time and the
degree of utilization of this air , and
the thermal efficiency of the engine.
Indicated engine Power
IP=P*L*A*n*K/60000 ……………..(1)
Where, IP= indicated power (kW)
P=indicated mean effective pressure(N/m2
)
L=length of stroke
A= area of piston
n= no of power stroke, for 2-s engine-N and for 4-s engine N/2, N= rpm
K= No of cylinders

6. Three possible methods utilized to increase the air
consumption of an engine are as follows:
Increasing the piston displacement: This increases the size and
weight of the engine, and introduces additional cooling
problems.
Running the engine at higher speeds: This results in increased
mechanical friction losses and imposes greater inertia stresses
on engine parts.
Increasing the density of the charge: This allows a greater
mass of the charge to be inducted into the same volume.

7. Definition
The most efficient method of increasing the power
of an engine is by supercharging, i.e. increasing
the flow of air into the engine to enable more
fuel to be burnt.
• A Supercharger is run by the mechanical drive,
powered by engine power .
• A turbocharger uses the otherwise unused
energy in the exhaust gases to drive a turbine
directly connected by a co-axial shaft to a rotary
compressor in the air intake system.

8. Fig.1 Supercharger
COMPRESSED
AIR
Air inlet

9. Types
Fig. 2 Turbocharger

10. Need of turbocharger and super charger
• For ground installations, it is used to produce
a gain in the power out put of the engine.
• For aircraft installations, in addition to
produce a gain in the power out put at sea-
level, it also enables the engine to maintain a
higher power out put as altitude is increased.

11. A part of the
exhaust gas
energy is treated
by the turbine
The turbine power
is transmitted to
the compressor
through the
rotating shaft
The air is
pressurized by the
compressor
The air cooler
brings the air to a
high density to the
engine by
decreasing the
temperature
The engine can
work at a high
power density
without increase
of the thermal
load
Turbocharging Principles

12. Working principle of a
turbocharger:
• A turbocharger is a small radial fan pump driven by the
energy of the exhaust gases of an engine.
• A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor on
a shared shaft.
• The turbine converts exhaust to rotational force, which is in
turn used to drive the compressor.
• The compressor draws in ambient air and pumps it in to
the intake manifold at increased pressure, resulting in a
greater mass of air entering the cylinders on each intake
stroke.

13. Where the turbocharger is located in
the car
FIG. 5

14. Advantages of supercharger and
turbocharger
• The more increase the pressure of the intake air above the local atmospheric
pressure (boost), the more power the engine produces. Automotive superchargers
for street use typically produce a maximum boost pressure between 0.33 to 1.0 bar
, providing a proportionate increase in power.
• Engines burn air and fuel at an ideal (stoichiometric) ratio of about 14.7:1, which
means that if you burn more air, you must also burn more fuel.
• This is particularly useful at high altitudes: thinner air has less oxygen, reducing
power by around 3% per 1,000 feet above sea level, but a supercharger can
compensate for that loss, pressurizing the intake charge to something close to sea
level pressure.

15. Disadvantages of turbocharger
and supercharger
• Cost and complexity
• Detonation
• Parasitic losses
• Space
• Turbo lag

16. Type of Compressor.
1.Centrifugal
type
2. Vane type
3. Root’s type

17. FIG.3

18. Results and discussion:
• Torque: Torque-rise percentage (from torque at maximum power at
approximately 570 rev/min at the p.t.o. to maximum torque, which
represents the torque back-up, or “lugging ability” of the tractor), was
18.9% for the original naturally aspirated mode, rose to 21.6% after
servicing, and reached 33% after turbocharging.
• Power:Due to the increased torque after servicing, maximum power
increased from 63.1 kW to 65.9 kW at 570 rev/min and remained higher
throughout the working speed range. The turbocharged version produced
a maximum power of 77.1 kW
• Exhaust gas temperature:
• Oil temperatures

19. Safety:-
• Turbocharger failures and resultant highTurbocharger failures and resultant high
exhaust temperatures are among theexhaust temperatures are among the
recognised causes of car fires. Boost gaugerecognised causes of car fires. Boost gauge
Twin charger Exhaust pulse pressure chargingTwin charger Exhaust pulse pressure charging
Hybrid Turbocharger Twin-Turbo VariableHybrid Turbocharger Twin-Turbo Variable
geometry turbocharger engine downsizing.geometry turbocharger engine downsizing.
•
..........................

20. Conclusions:
• Due to low speed of operation and less power in
agricultural tractor, turbocharger is used not
supercharger for more power generation and to
operate it higher altitude.
• Turbo-charging a tractor engine is an acceptable
method of increasing its performance if carried out
within manufacturers’ specifications.
• Lower engine operating temperatures result which
can be beneficial.
• Since the engine lubricating oil is subjected to high
temperatures as it passes through the turbocharger
the correct oil must be used as specified for
turbocharged engines.

21. THANK YOU