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- 2. FIRSTQUARTER
- 4. FABRIC/FABRIC DESIGN Thailand Thaisilk is producedfromthe cocoonsofThaisilkworms.It is mainlyproducedin Khoratwhichis thecenter of thesilk industry in Thailand.
- 5. Thaiweaversfromthis region raise thecaterpillars ona steady diet of Mulberry leaves.
- 6. Today,Thaisilk makingis consideredtobe oneof thefinestarts in theworld, a productof aunique manufacturing processandbearing uniquepatternsand colors.
- 7. Cambodia Silk weavingin Cambodia datestoasearlyasthefirst centurysincetextileswereused fortrading. Moderntextileshave tracesofmotifsimitating clothingdetailsonancientstone sculptures.
- 8. Two Main Types of Cambodian Weaving 1. ikattechnique(Khmerterm:chongkiet)- Tocreate patterns,weaverstie anddyeportionsof weftyarnbefore weavingbegins.Patternsarediverseandvarybyregion; commonmotifsincludelattice, stars,andspots. 2. uneventwill- It yields singleor two-colorfabrics, which areproducedbyweavingthreethreadssothatthe"colorof onethreaddominatesononesideofthefabric,while the twoothersdeterminethecoloronthereverseside."
- 9. Traditionally, Cambodiantextiles have employednatural dyescomingfrom: a. insect nests - Reddye b. indigo - Bluedye c. prohut bark-YellowandGreendye d. ebonybark- Blackdye
- 10. Cambodiansilk is generallysold domestically,whereit is usedin sampot(wrapskirts), furnishings, andpidan(pictoral tapestries). Now,it hasseenanincreasein exportviability.
- 13. Cottontextileshavealsoplayeda significantrole in Cambodianculture. Thoughtoday,Cambodiaimportsmostof its cotton, traditionallywovencottonremains popular. Rural womenoften weave homemadecottonfabric, whichis usedin garmentsandfor household purposes.
- 15. Laos Accordingto Laotradition, storiesof their history werenotpassedonorally norwasit written, theywerewoven.Strandbystrand, Laostories wereweavedin theintricate densepatternsand motifs of textiles. Unfortunately someare elaborately fantastic, andthemotifs socryptic, thatin manycasesonlytheweavercan accuratelyinterpret thestory.
- 16. Mostdiverse of thesestories are theoneswoven into asihn—the Laowomen’s ankle-longskirt whoseformis undeniable but whosepatterns areuniqueto each skirt.
- 17. Sihn
- 18. Thoughtheskirt lookssimpleandelegant, it is traditional that everywomanin Laos weavesall thesihnsshewouldwear throughoutherlifetime.Sheusesfolk icons to expresspersonal views.Thisis often accomplishedbysymbolisttotemsfromthe inanimate or animateworld—crabsfor resourcefulness,snakesfor fertility, butterflies for beauty,birdsfor success,and soon.
- 19. Vietnam Golden Thread Silks were born in Vietnam. Many of our Vietnamese fabrics originated from H a Dong, the centerof weavingand sericulture (silk worm production) for centuries.
- 21. Jacquardloomis a mechanicalloom, inventedbyJoseph MarieJacquard, first demonstrated in 1801,that simplifies the processof manufacturing textiles
- 22. SomepopularVietnamesefabric rangesare: 1. Shantungtaffeta 2. Bengalineweave 3. Ebonysatin - anall-naturallustroussilk hand-wovenin southernVietnamandnaturally dyedusingebonyfruit pods.Thefabric dates backoveracentury,butwasonlyrecently revitalizedbythedesignerVoVietChung.
- 23. Indonesia, Malaysia & Singapore Thefabric mostcommonto bothcountriesis the Batik.Theterm“batik” is anIndonesian-Malayword, believedto berelatedto theMalayword“titik”, which means‘point’, ‘dot’or‘drop’.The“drop”actionrefers to theprocessofdyeingthefabric bymakinguseofa resisttechnique:coveringareasof clothwithadye- resistantsubstance(usuallyhotwax)to preventthem fromabsorbingcolors.Thistechniqueis hasbeen taughtfor overathousandyears.
- 24. Therearetwocategories of batik designs: 1. geometricmotifs 2. freeformdesigns Modernbatikdesignsdependonthe creativity of their designers. Naturalisticmotifslike leaves,flowersand birdshavebeenutilized tocreateelaborate andintricate designs.
- 25. In Malaysia,thestates of KelantanandT erengganu areconsideredthecradle wherebatik first flourished, reachingevenSingapore’s shores.
- 26. Therearetwomaintypesof batikthat areproduced there: 1. Handpainted-theartist usesthe canting,asmallcoppercontainerwithone ormoredifferent-sizedpipes 2. Blockprinted-donebywelding togetherstrips of metalto formametal block.Themetalblockis thendippedinto moltenwaxandpressedagainstthefabric in orderto makeapattern
- 27. Processof Making Handpainted Batik Designsaredrawnonthe fabricwith hotliquid wax byusingametalobject calledCANTING. Whenthewaxoutlinesaredone, artists usethebrushesto paint the dyeswithin theoutlines.Theuseof brushallows for thecreationof shadedandmulti-hueddesigns.
- 28. HANDPAINTEDBATIK
- 29. Processof MakingBlockprintedBatik ❑In blockprint , cantingwill bereplaced byacopperblockorsometimesa woodenstamp withartistically patterned bottom
- 30. • Theblockis dippedinto thewaxandprinted ontothefabric, whichis thendip-dyed.Then thewaxwill beremovedandbatikwithsingle color is produced.Tocreate multi-colors and complexbatik, waxingwithdifferent blocks, dyingand de-waxing have to be done many times.
- 32. Leavesandflowersin Malaysianbatiksare incorporatedto avoidtheinterpretationof humanand animalimagesasidolatry,in accordancewithlocal Islamic doctrine.Thismakestheirbatiklooksimilar to that of Indonesia. However,theMalaysianbatikis famousfor its geometricaldesignsorspirals.Themethodof Malaysianbatikmakingis alsodifferent from thoseof IndonesianJavanesebatik.Theirpatternsarelarger andsimpler.Morebrushpaintingis appliedto beable to putlighter andmorevibrantcolorsthandeep coloredJavanesebatik.
- 33. In Singapore, the existence anduseof batik hasbeenrecorded since the 12th century but hasreceded in popularity through the years. Nowadays,batik is featured in asthe uniform of flight attendants for the official flag carrier airlines of Singapore,Indonesia, and Malaysia.
- 35. Brunei Brunei's traditional textile is also called batik but it is uniquely different from Indonesia, Malaysia, andSingapore.Its designs havetheir national flower simpur,sumboi-sumboi(pitcher plant), andBrunei's traditional design of air muleh.
- 37. Different techniques areusedin Brunei’sbatik like airbrushing, cracking,bubble, rainbow,sprinkle, geometry,andmarble.These techniquesareappliedonthe fabrics like cotton,chiffon, linen, andbrocade.
- 38. Hand-madebatikdesigns arecreatedthroughtheart of layeringandmixingof colorsinjected with creativity.
- 39. Batikcanbedonein four different ways: 1. hand-drawn 2. usingmetalblocks 3. screenprinting 4. digital printing
- 40. ASSESSME NT
- 41. 1.Theterm“batik” is anIndonesian-Malay word,believedto be relatedto theMalay word .
- 42. 2. It is thetraditional check scarvesmadeof cotton wornalmostuniversally by Cambodians.
- 46. 6.Thisis a Cambodianwrap skirts madeof silk.
- 48. 8. It is the center of silk industry in Thailand.
- 50. 10.Typeof batikin which theartist usesthe canting,asmallcopper containerwithoneor moredifferent-sized pipes.
- 51. 11.Typeof batik done byweldingtogether strips of metalto forma metal block.
- 52. 12-13.Brunei’sbatik have designsof their nationalflower called (pitcher plant),andBrunei's traditional designof .
- 55. 15
- 56. 16
- 57. 17
- 58. 18
- 59. 19
- 60. 20
- 61. 21
- 62. ARTS AND CRAFTS
- 65. Flying lanternsaremadeout of rice paper withabambooframe, whichcontain a fuel cell or smallcandle. Whenthe fuel cell is lit, theflame heats the air inside the lantern, causing the lantern to rise.
- 66. Onceairbornethesky lantern will rise until thefuel cell orcandlestaysalight. Whenthecandleburnsout theskylantern floats backto ground.
- 67. InThailand, flying lanterns areused during the yearandfor festivals withthe mostpopular being LoyKrathong Festival. This festival is held onthe night of the12thfull moon,usually in November,withChangMaibelieved to havethe brightest andmostspectacular celebrations.
- 68. All of Phuket'smajorwestcoastbeaches takepartin LoyKrathongfestivities, with a mixof locals andtourists.Patongbeach andNaiHarnaroundthelakeusuallyhave themostactivitywithlocalsvisitingbeaches like KaronandKata. Skylanterns orwishlanterns astheyare alsocommonlyknownhavebecome popularonthemaintouristbeachesof Phuket.
- 69. Wanderdowntothebeachon mostnightsandyouwill find locals selling wishlanternsfor a smallcost.Light yourcandle, makeyourwish,andonceyour wishlantern is floating skyward, sit backandenjoy.
- 70. Cambodia Indigenouspeople represent 1.4percentof thetotal populationin Cambodia,andthe majorityof themlivein remoterural areas withinthecountry.Oftenreferred to as highlanders,their waysof life aredifferent fromthelowlanders,bothfromthecultural andeconomicperspective.
- 71. Handicraftsare part of their traditional culture andtheir livelihoodasthey producetextiles, baskets,jars, pottery,andother toolsfor their daily use.
- 72. Laos In this country,theymakepaperbyhandin the widerregionfor over700yearsusingthebarkof thelocal saormulberrytree.Thebarkis crushedandsoakedin wateruntil it dissolves into apaste.Theliquid is thenscoopedout, pouredthroughabamboosieveandfinally placedin athinlayeronabamboobedand driedin thesun.
- 73. Traditionally sa paperwasused for calligraphy andfor making festivetemple decorations, umbrellas,fans, andkites.In formertimesit wasalsousedasafilter in themanufactureof lacquerware.
- 74. In recentyearstheart of sapaper handicrafthasbeenrevived, particularly in LuangPrabang, NorthernLaos,whereit is now usedto createlampshades,writing paper,greetings cards, and bookmarks.
- 75. Vietnam Vietnamesesilk paintingis oneof themost popularformsof art in Vietnam,favoredfor the mysticalatmospherethat canbeachievedwith themedium.Duringthe19thand20thcenturies, Frenchinfluence wasabsorbedinto Vietnamese art andtheliberal andmodernuseof color especiallybeganto differentiate Vietnamesesilk paintings fromtheir Chineseor Japanese counterparts.
- 79. It isderivedfrom aJavanese Hindu-Buddhist tradition,where hand-crafted leatherpuppets depictepic stories of the gods in shadow play. A traditional Gamelan orchestra would accompanythestory-telling.
- 80. Thepuppetscomein all sizes, rangingfrom25cmto 75cm.Thepuppetsare usually madeoutof buffalo andgoathideandmounted onbamboosticks.
- 82. Angkawijaya
- 86. Betara_ Narada
- 87. Cakil- demon
- 88. Buto- Ogre
- 89. Citraksi
- 90. Gareng- clown
- 92. gatotkacaboth
- 94. Irawan
- 95. Jagalabilawa
- 96. Petruk- clown
- 97. samba
- 98. setyaboma
- 100. Werkudara - giant
- 102. TheShow Thepuppetsaremovedbehindacottonorlinen screenbyaDalang,ora"puppetmaster"ina shadowpuppetplay.TheDalangtells the story,interpretsandvoiceseachcharacter, producingsoundeffects withspeechand movementandmanipulatesall thefigures betweenthelampandthescreentobringthe shadowstolife.
- 105. Mostshadowplayis basedontwo epicstories fromIndia - the MahabharataandtheRamayana. TheBalineseandJavanesehave combinedthe Hindustories with BuddhistandMuslimideasmixed withtheir ownfolklore.
- 109. Songkok
- 110. Songkokcame tobeassociated withIslam in Malaysia, while in Indonesia peci is also associatedwiththe nationalist secular movement.
- 111. In Brunei Darussalam,men’sheadgears arecategorizedinto three: a) dastarwhichis apieceofclothtied aroundthehead; b) songkokorkopiah,atypeofcap madefromvelvet; c) tangkolokorserban,whichresembles a turbanandis atypicalheaddressin theMiddleEast.
- 113. Today,likeothergears,thesongkokcomesin many colorfulvariationsto suit individualtastesandstyles. Somemenlike to havetheir songkoksmadeto measure- evenif it meansthat theyhaveto paya little bit more- sothat theycanincorporatetheir own innovationsaswell asselectthetypeandcolorof the velvetto mirrortheir individuality.Others, whoare moreeconomical,prefer to choosefromthewide varietyof ready-madesongkoksavailableinmanyof theshopsin town.
- 115. Naturallytherearepeoplewhohabitually wearthesongkokmostoftheirwaking hours.However,in formertimes,theactof notwearingit wasusuallyassociatedwith piety.Nowadayspeoplehavetheoptionto wearthesongkoktofulfill traditional religiousrequirementsornotatall. Some governmentservantsaregivensongkoks withtheappropriatedecorationsaspartof theiruniforms.
- 116. SCULPTURE
- 117. Cambodia Formanythousandsofyears, theart of stonecarving hasflourishedinCambodia.Fromsmallstatuesto the breathtakingcarvingsfoundatAngkorWat,this art mediumhasbecomeoneofthecountry's most cherishedart forms. Stonecarvinghasbeenbothapassionanda livelihoodfor manyCambodiansculptors. Theart of stone carving in Cambodiahasavery long, fascinating history which goes back to the foundation oftheKhmernation.
- 119. Thailand Thailand is world-famousfor its sculpture that dates back4,000 years. Themostcommonlyusedmaterials are wood,stone, ivory, clay, andvarious metals.Themostnotable sculptures are theThaibronzes famousfor their originality andgrace.
- 120. Thisfamoussculpturein WatPhoin Bangkokis 46meters longand15metershigh.It is madeofplasteronabrickcore andfinished in goldleaf.Thefeet areinlaid with motherof pearl.
- 121. Laos If Cambodiahasstonecarvings, Laoartisans useavariety of media in their sculptural creations. Typically,thepreciousmetalssuch asbronze,silver, andgoldare used.
- 123. Anotherfamous sculptureinLaos isthePhraBang which is also cast in gold. Unfortunately, its craftsmanship issaidtobeof Sinhalese,rather thanLao,origin.It is traditionally believed thatrelicsoftheBuddhaarecontainedin theimage.
- 125. Amongthe famous sculptures is the 10,000- year- old carvings which canbeseenon the DongNoi cave. DONG NOI CAVE
- 126. DongSonculture, important prehistoricculture ofIndochina; it is namedfor avillage in northernVietnamwheremany of its remainshavebeenfound.
- 127. TheDongSoncultureis famous for its kettledrums,small carvings,andhomeutensils, whichhavehandlessculptedin theshapeof men,elephants, toads,andtortoises.
- 129. Fiveprovinces:GiaLai, Kon Tum,DakLak,DakNong,and LamDongaresuited in the highlandsof south-west Vietnam
- 130. . Mourninghouses erectedto honorthe deathof theGiaRaiand BaNaethnicgroupsare symbolizedbystatues placedin front of the graves.
- 132. Indonesia Indonesiais knownfor its stone, bronze,andiron-agedarts.The sculpturescanbefoundin numerousarchaeologicalsites in Sumatra,JavatoSulawesi.
- 133. ThenativeIndonesian tribes usuallycreatesculptures that depictancestors,deities, and animals.Thisis evidentin the pre-Hindu-Buddhistandpre- Islamicsculptures fromthe tribes.
- 135. Fromtheclassical Hindu- Buddhisteraof Indonesia,the mostprominentsculptures are thehundredsof metersof relief andhundredsof stoneBuddha at thetempleof Borobudurin centralJava.
- 136. Todayin Indonesia, therichest,mostelaborate andvividwoodensculptureandwoodcarving traditionscanbefoundin BaliandJepara, Central Java.Balinese handicrafts suchas sculptures,masks,andothercarvingartworks arepopularsouvenir itemsfor tourists.The Jeparawoodcarvingsarefamousfor their elaborately carvedwoodenfurnitures, folding screens,andalsopelaminangebyok(wedding thronewithcarvedbackground).
- 137. Malaysia Mostof Malaysia’s sculptures arerelief. Thesearepartially carved into or out of anothersurface. Thesesculptures rely onabaseor plane to support themand areacombination of boththree- dimensional andtwo-dimensional art forms.
- 138. Thisis verypopularalongthe wallsandstonecolumnsof the ancientGreekandRoman buildings andcanstill beseen todayonmanyfamous buildings, including the Colosseum.
- 140. Therearethreemaintypesof reliefsculptures: 1.Altoform-is almostcompletelycarvedfromits surface - highlyshaped,withverylittle ofthestructure touchingthebaseorplane - couldpossiblystandaloneif thebaseorplane wereremoved - thesearesimilartotheEgyptians’alto-relief sculpturesof godsorPharaohsattachedtotheir temples - commonamongGreeksandRomans
- 141. 2. Basform-is arelief thatbarely extendspastthebase - commonaswalldecorationson GreekorRomanbuildingsand arethetypemostlyseenonthe Colosseum
- 142. 3. Sunkenrelief sculpture - animagethatis carved intothesurface,rather thanoutofit.
- 143. Relief woodcarvings frequently adorn the doors, walls, andwindowsof traditional Malayhouses. Popularmotifs of suchrelief carvings arethe various kinds of Malaysianflowersandplants. Thesecarvings require ahigh degreeof skill, patience, anddetermination.
- 144. ThebestMalay woodcarvingis from Terengganuand Kelantan.Passed downfromone generationtoanother, thecraftis divided into ukiranhalus(fine carving)and ukirankasar(literally meaning“rough carving”). Examplesof wood carving in Malaysia
- 145. UkiranHalusinvolves thecarving of relief patterns, hilts ofkeris (short Malaydagger), bedheads, and cupboardtops. UkiranKasar,referstothecarvings onlargerobjects like furniture, pillars, windows,roomportions, and eavesofroofs.
- 146. Cengalis thepreferredwoodfor buildinghousesandboats. Beingexpensive,otherwoods suchasbalauorperah(whichis slightly softerthancengal)might beusedfortherafters, or floorboardsofahouseorforthe prowofaboat.
- 147. Singapore TheSriMariammamHindutemplewith sculpturesofdifferentimagesis almostas oldasSingaporeitself. Thiswasconstructed anddedicatedtothegoddessMariamman whoisworshippedforherpowertocure disease(early Singaporewasmostlyjungle, sodiseasewasrampant).Its most interesting featureis its impressive gopuram (tower)overthemainentrance,whichis decoratedwithnumerousHindudeities.
- 149. TheMerlionwasconceivedbecause theSingaporeTourismBoard(STB) felt thecountrylackedadistinct imagerepresentingthenation andits history. Theysetouttofabricate an icon, whichcouldtapinto the particular mythsandfolklore ofthe area,manyofwhichfeature sea- beastsandmagicalfish-creatures.
- 151. Sri MariammamHindutemplewith sculptures TheMerlionis alsopartly inspired bythe storyof howSingaporegotits name,or ‘TheSingapuraStory’. TheSentosaMerlionis thebiggest replica, standingat 37metersandmade fromglass- reinforcedconcrete.
- 152. Brunei Sculpturein Bruneitakesonamoreutilitarian rolethananaesthetic one.Thepeopleof Brunei havealongtraditionasexcellentcraftsmen usingbronzeandsilver to createadornments andfunctionalitemssuchasbowls,tools,and thelike. Sculptingis oneart formthat is notyetwidely practicedin BruneiDarussalam.Therearea numberof artists whocanmakesculptureslike anyother.
- 153. Examplesof their creationscanbeseenat the ASEANSquaresin theASEANmembercountries.To helppreservethis heritageof metalwork,the Brunei ArtsandHandicraftTrainingCenterwas establishedin1975toreviveandpromotethe nation’s dyingtraditionofcrafts, including metalwork.Theopeningofthis centeris still consideredalandmarkinthehistoryof developmentofBrunei’sartsandhandicrafts.In addition totrainingyouthsintheartofsculpting, thecenteralsohelpsfacilitate thesaleoftheir crafts.
- 154. SUMMARY
- 155. Archipelagic SoutheastAsia (ASEA)is comprised of tens of thousands of islands andasmall part of mainland SoutheastAsia; it encompasses the countries of the Philippines, Timor-Leste, Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, andSingapore. Indonesian dance-dramas in the formof puppets are the WayangTopeng, WayangOrang,WayangKulit, andWayang Golek. Wayang,in modernIndonesian language, is loosely translated to mean"show" or "performance". Kulit means "skin", areference to the leather material that the figures are carved out of. Thetermbatik is anIndonesian-Malay word, believed to berelated to the Malaywordtitik, which means‘point’, ‘dot’ or ‘drop’.
- 156. Relief sculptures weredonewith stone,marble, bronze, andmany other substances. Therearethreemaintypesof relief sculptures:alto (high),bas, (low),and sunken. Thesongkokorpeciorkopiahis acapwidelywornin Indonesia,Brunei,Malaysia,Singapore,thesouthern PhilippinesandsouthernThailand,mostlyamongMuslimmales Merlionis amythicalcreature with theheadofalion andthebodyof afish,usedasamascotandnational personification ofSingapore. Its namecombines "mer" meaningtheseaand"lion".
- 157. GLOSSARY
- 158. Angkor-Asubstancemixedwithpainttosoftenthegold soit adheresmoresmoothly Artisan-Askilledmanualworker;acraftsperson Alto-Aformofrelief sculpturealmostcompletelycarved fromitssurface.It is highlyshaped,withverylittle of thestructuretouchingthebaseorplane Batik-Anartmediumandmethodologyforcreating design,usuallyoncloth,byapplyingwaxtoportionsof thematerialandthendyeingit, thenremovingthewax. Thiscanbedonetomakevibrantcolorsandincredible designs Bima-ThesecondsonofKingPanduinWayangKulit Canting-Totilt orturn
- 160. Ikat-Amethodofprinting wovenfabric bytie-dyeingthe warpyarns (warp ikat) the weft yarns (weft ikat) or both (doubleikat)beforeweaving Indochina-ApeninsulaofSouthEasternAsiathat includesMyanmar,Cambodia,Laos,Malaysia,Thailand, andVietnam KingPandu-TheyoungerbrotherofKingDrutharashtra whorulesHasthinapur LoyKrathong-FestivalinThailand Mahabharata–AnepicthattellsofAncientIndia Menkuang-isahugepandan-likeplantthatgrowsalong thebackmangrovesandisalsofoundinMalaysia
- 161. Merlion-is amythicalcreaturewiththeheadofa lion andthebodyofafish, usedasamascotand nationalpersonification ofSingapore.Its name combines"mer"meaningtheseaand"lion" PapierMache-Amaterial,madefrompaperpulp orshredsofpapermixedwith glueorpaste,that canbemoldedinto variousshapeswhenwetand becomeshardandsuitableforpainting and varnishingwhendry Ramayana- OneofthetwogreatIndianepicsthat tells aboutlife in India around1000BCE
- 162. Relief-theprojectionofformsorfiguresfromaflat ground,sothattheyarepartlyorwhollyfreeofit Sihn- Thesimpleelegantankle-lengthskirt wornbyLao women Silapin–ThailandArtist Sky lantern- Asmall hot-air balloon madeof paper with anopeningat thebottomwhereasmallcandleorfire is placed.It isusedforsomeSoutheastAsianevents. Songkok- Acap widely worn in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, the southernPhilippines and southernThailand,mostlyamongMuslimmales