Article Briefing. Ms. Sweta Krishna Gaude, Post graduate student, SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwar University, Dharwad, Karnataka. This article briefing slideshare will help how to write article paper and how to present research paper.

1. ARTICLEBRIEFING
PRESENTEDBY:-
Ms. Sweta K. Gaude
M.Sc. Nursing
SDM Institute of Nursing
Sciences.

2. INTRODUCTION
Research article provide a method for scientists to
communicate with other scientist about the results of
their research.
The true value of any research is only realised when the
results are subject to peer review and then published in
journals.

3. DEFINITION
An research article reports the results of
original research, assesses its contribution to
the body of knowledge in a given area, and
is published in peer-reviewed scholarly
journal.

4. TYPES
Research Papers
Letters
Review
Research Notes
Original Articles

5. STRUCTURE
General
Specific your work
Your field

6. COMPONENTS OF ARTICLES
Title
Authors and affiliations
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References

7. TITLE
Should be specific enough to describe the contents, not so
technical that only specialists will understand.
Should be appropriate for the intended audience.
The title usually describe the subject matter of the article.
Sometimes a title that summarizes the results is more
effective.
Should be eye catching.

9. AUTHOR
The person who did the work and wrote the paper is
generally listed as the first author of a research article.
For published articles, other people who made substantial
contributions to the work are listed as co-authors.
Components to write authors:-
 Names
 Degrees (education, certification)
 Affiliation
 Correspondance address

11. ABSTRACT
 An abstract, or summary, is published together with a research article,
giving the reader a “preview” of what’s to come.
 Allow other scientists to quickly scan the large scientific literature, and
decide which articles they want to read in depth.
 Should be a little less technical than the article itself.
 Should be one paragraph, of 100-250 words, which summarizes the
purpose, methods, results and conclusions of the paper.
 No abbreviations or citations in the abstract.
 It should be able to stand alone without any footnotes.

12. FEATURES OF ABSTRACTS:-
Abstract usually contain 4 kind of information
1) Purpose/Rational of study:- (Why they did it).
2) Methodology:- (How they did it).
3) Results:- (What they found)
4) Conclusion:- (What it means).

14. INTRODUCTION
 Summarizes the relevant literature so that the reader
will understand why researcher was interested in the
question he/she asked.
 One to four paragraphs should be enough.
 End with a sentence explaining the specific question
researcher asked in the experiment.

15. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of
knowledge on a particular topic of research.
COMPONENTS:-
 Research design
 Place and date
 Title
 Sample
 Setting
 Sample size
 Sampling technique
 Tool
 Results
 Conclusion

16. E.G:-
A comparative research design was conducted at Sangali, (2016)
regarding effectiveness of Papaya dressing versus Honey dressing on
wound healing among diabetic patients. Total 40 samples were selected
and randomly allotted into experimental group I and II. Systematic random
sampling technique was used to select the samples. The data was
collected by using Bates-Jenson wound assessment tool. The data
gathered were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The
study revealed that the post test mean score in experimental group I was
1.665 (SD +- 0.75) and calculated ‘t’ value was 4.36 which was significant
at p< 0.05 level and in experimental group II mean score was 1.75 (SD+-
0.72) and ‘t’ value 3.56 which were significant at p< 0.05 level. The study
concluded that papaya dressing and honey dressing both are effective in
wound healing among diabetic patients but papaya is more effective than
honey.

17. A problem is an interrogative sentence or statement that
asks what relation exists between two or more variables
the answer to question will provide what is having
sought in the research.
COMPONENT:-
• Design
• Variables
• Population
• Setting
PROBLEM STATEMENT:-

18.  Research objective are the results sought by the researcher at the end of the
research process i.e what the researcher will be able to achieve at the
research study.
 e.g.
OBJECTIVE:-

19. It is a tentative prediction about the nature of the
relationship between 2 or more variables.”
e.g.:-
HYPOTHESIS:-

20. DEPENDENT VARIABLES:-
It is the outcome or response due to the effect of the independent variable,
which researcher wants to predict or explain.
e.g.: Wound healing
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES:-
It is a stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to
create the effect on the dependent variable.
e.g.:1) Papaya dressing
2) Honey dressing

21. MATERIALS AND METHODS
 There should be enough information here to allow another scientist
to repeat the experiment.
 Look at other papers that have been published in the field to get
some idea of what is included In this section.
 It may helpful to include a diagram, table or flowchart to explain the
methods used.
 Include preliminary results that were used to design the main
experiment that is reporting on.
 Mention relevant ethical considerations.

22. RESEARCH APPROACH:- Research approach is an important
element of the research design.
Types:-
Qualitative
Quantitative
And Both
EXAMPLE:- Quantitative research approach
RESEARCH DESIGN:-
The research design is the master plan specifying the methods and procedures
for collecting and analyzing the needed information in a research study.
TYPES:-
 True experimental design
 Quasi-experimental design
 Pre-experimental design
 Univariant descriptive design
 Exploratory descriptive design
 Comparative descriptive design
 Survey research design
Example:- Comparative research design

23. RESEARCH STUDY SETTING:-
The place where study is being conducted.
e.g. Indira Gandhi District Hospital, Seoni Madhya Pradesh.
POPULATION:-
Population is the set of people or entities to which the results of a research
are to be generalized.
e.g.: Diabetic patient

24. SAMPLE:-
Sample may be defined as representative unit of a target population, which is
to be worked upon by researchers during their study.
e.g.: Diabetic patient admitted in Indira Gandhi District Hospital, Seoni.
STUDY PERIOD:-
Period of data collection time require for collecting research study.
e.g. 15 days (15/08/2019 to 30/08/2019).

25. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:-
Sampling is the process of selecting a representative part of the
population.
e.g.: Systemic random sampling.
SAMPLE SIZE:-
Total sample require for research study.
e.g.: The sample size was 40, in which 20 samples in experimental
group I and 20 samples in experimental group II.

26. INCLUSIVE CRITERIA
Inclusion criteria are characteristics that the
prospective subjects must have if they are to be
included in the study.

27. EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA
Exclusion criteria are a set of predefined definitions
that is used to identify subjects who will not be included
or who will have to withdraw from a research study after
being included.

28. A research instrument is a device used to measure the
concept of interest in a research project that a researcher
uses to collect data.
TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION:-
 Interview schedule
 Opinionnaire
 Questionnaire
 Attitude scales/composite scale (e.g, Likert scale and
semantic differential scale)
 Visual analogue scale
 Rating scale
 Checklists
INSTRUMENT

29. E.G.:
Section A:- Demographic variables:- Age, Gender, Religion,
Income, Educational status, Duration of ulcer and grade of ulcer.
Section B:- Bate-Jensen Wound Assessment tools

30. The various steps or strategies used for gathering and analysing
data in a research investigation are known as the methods of data
collection.
The 6 ‘Ws’ of data collection are:-
 What data is to be collected?
 From whom data is to be collected?
 Who will collect data?
 From where the data will be collected?
 When is the data to be collected?
 What methods should be used to collect data?
DATA COLLECTION METHOD

31. e.g:-
 The ethical clearance was obtained from the Indira Gandhi District Hospital
ethical committee with the written consent.
 Permission was obtained from the Selected hospital of Indira Gandhi District
Hospital Seoni and HOD of department of surgical ward.
 The data collection was done from 15/08/2019 to 30/08/2019.
 Rapport established with diabetic ulcer patients after brief introduction about the
study and its purpose.
 The written and oral consent was obtained from the patients after fully explaining
the procedure of the study.
 On the first day of data collection the researcher selected samples as per the
inclusion criteria.
 Pre-test was done on the first day using Bate-Jensen wound Assessment scale
and scoring system.
 Patients in the experimental group I received papaya dressing and experimental
group II received honey dressing every morning and evening, duration of each
dressing taken 10 to 15 minutes approximately, dressing was done twice a day
for 6 consecutive days.
 Post test was conducted at 7th day using Bate-Jensen wound assessment scale
and scoring system for both groups.

32. DATAANALYSIS
 Analysis is the process of organizing and synthesizing the data so
as to answer research questions and test hypothesis.
 Data analysis is done by using descriptive and inferential
statistics.
 Descriptive Statistics:-
 Tables
 Graphs
 Mean
 Median
 Mode
 Standard Deviation
 Inferential Statistics:-
 T-Test
 Z-Test
 ANOVA Test
 Chi-Square Test
 MANOVA

33. E.G.:-
The data was collected and analysis was done using
descriptive & inferential statistics.
In descriptive statistical analysis frequency, percentage,
mean, standard deviation were studied.
 In inferential statistical analysis paired t test, and chi
square test was studied.

34. RESULTS
 Use graphs and tables if appropriate, but also summarize main
findings in the text.
 Do NOT discuss the results or speculate as to why something
happened; that goes in the Discussion.
 Not necessarily have to include all the data gotten during the
semester.
 Use appropriate methods of showing data.
 No need to manipulate the data.
 If the data is presenting in a table or graph, include a little describing
what’s in the table.
 For graphs, it should also labeled the x and y axes.
 No need to use a table or graph just to be “fancy”.

36. DISCUSSION
 Highlight the most significant results, but don’t just repeat what have
written in the results section.
 How do these results relate to the original question? Do the data support
the hypothesis? Are the results consistent with what other investigators
have reported?
 If the results were unexpected, try to explain why. Is there another way
to interpret you’re your results? What further research would be
necessary to answer the questions raised by the results? How do the
results fit into the big picture?
 End with a one-sentence summary of the conclusion, emphasizing why
it is relevant.

38. CONCLUSION
• The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why your
research should matter to them after they have finished reading the
paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of your points or a re-statement
of your research problem but a synthesis of key points.
• The purpose of a conclusion is to summaries the main points of your essay.
It is your last opportunity to bring together what you have been saying, and to
make your opinion, and your understanding of the topic, very clear to your
examiner.

39. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This section is optional to thank those who either helped
with the experiments, or made other important
contributions, such as discussing the protocol, commenting
on the manuscript.

40. REFERENCE
 A list of the books referred to in a scholarly work, typically printed as
an appendix.
TYPES OF REFERENCE STYLE:-
 Vancouver style
 MLA (Modern Language Association)
 APA (American Psychological Association)

41. STANDARD FORMAT FOR BOOKS
 Author Surname Initials. Title: subtitle. Edition (if not the first). Place of
publication: Publisher; Year. Pg. No.
 Example:- Miles DA, Van Dis ML, Williamson GF, Jensen CW. Radiographic
imaging for the dental team. 4th ed. St.Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2009.Pg. No.
231-232.
STANDARD FORMAT FOR JOURNAL ARTICLES
 Author Surname Initials. Title of article. Title of journal, abbreviated. Date of
Publication;Volume Number(Issue Number): Page Numbers.
 Example:- Haas AN, de Castro GD, Moreno T, Susin C, Albandar JM,
Oppermann RV, et al. Azithromycin as a adjunctive treatment of aggressive
periodontitis: 12-months randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2008 Aug;
35(8):696-704.
VANCOUVER STYLE

42. STANDARD FORMAT FOR WEBSITE
 Author Surname Initials (if available). Title of Website [Internet]. Place of
publication: Publisher; Date of First Publication [Date of last update; cited date].
Available from: URL
 Example:- American Dental Hygienists’ Association [Internet]. Chicago:
American Dental Hygienists’ Association; 2009 [cited 2009 May 30]. Available
from: http://www.adha.org/

43. THANK
YOU