1) Arthur Schopenhauer was born in 1788 in Danzig and died in 1860 in Frankfurt am Main. He studied business and later philosophy. 2) In 1818, he published his major work The World as Will and Representation, which was not very successful. He later worked as a private tutor in Berlin but had few students. 3) Schopenhauer believed that the world is representation and phenomenon, but underneath is a constant will and desire that leads to suffering. His philosophy was therefore profoundly pessimistic about life and the world.